I know this question has a ton of variables from the size of the meteor, it's speed, trajectory, impact site, etc.

But do we have an understanding of how far a piece of rock can be flung away from the site of an impact center from an asteroid?

Ever since the mission to collect samples from Benu, and the DART mission to alter the course of an asteroid, Ive been curious about another possible use for asteroids that orbit close to earth or return occationaly to earth. Has there ever been a serious proposal to plant a device on an asteroid to study wherever its going? Seams like a good way to avoid spending resources on propulsion, and still get some "sensors" and cameras farther out into space....and yet also return to Earth occational.

Just a couple of questions:

1. What if Apophis interacts with something whilst it’s unobservable, how long would it be before we were able to recalculate its trajectory once it becomes visible again?

2. As it passes between two large gravitational objects in the earth and moon, given it’s shaped like a peanut, 🥜 is it possible it could split into two or a partial earthquake could cause material to eject, again either altering the trajectory or sending debris into a troublesome direction?

If anyone can point me in the direction/the right answer.. please do.