How does an antibacterial and antiviral herb like Turmeric overcome the Norovirus and Ecoli, but it does not have an effect on Salmonella?

i’ll be graduating with my associate’s in biology in may, and i’m not sure what to do with it, or with a BS in biology later on, as someone not going to med school. is forensics a feasible career for my degree?

What did you major in for undergrad/graduate and what field/career did you end up working in? And could you share a little bit about what you do day-to-day with that?

Hey guys I just wanted to know your opinions. So I enrolled late to my freshman biology course, and have been paying the price. Although Its not like I wasn't learning anything as I have 3 classes with another professor that is teaching the same subject. The reason I switched was because I did not want to take a 9am for my sake and I didn't vibe with the other professor, but the section I switched into was filled at the time. I also emailed the professor earlier to ask for an override, but he said no.

Anyways the reason why this matters is because for the 4 classes I missed I received 0% on the participation and also missed a discussion post. Together these have been bringing down my overall grade which sucks because im so close to an A. Its also not that I asked him too late as the first day of class I noticed this and asked, but he said no and I should've "enrolled earlier and its not his fault I joined late". While I agree I did speak to him before hand and was waiting to join and only learned about this penalty afterwards. Also its not like im a bad student on my exams I got high A's above 95% average but my grade is being dragged down by the participation and .67% by the one discussion. Please let me know how I should approach this and what I could do. Its so discouraging doing so well, but being brought down by something so much that occurred during the first few weeks. Also I think he knows me better and might make an exception now that I have been doing well and showing up to office hours, lmk a possible query for him or solution you guys can think of!

Hi. I have always loved paleontology and read a lot of scientific literature about it. Unfortunately my weakest spot is in the vertebrate anatomy and paleontology papers reference that a lot. Every time I see a new word I have to google it and as a self-acclaimed paleo enthusiast I feel ashamed. Today I was reading a new paper and it took me a lot of time just to decode this sentence and I still couldn’t fully grasp it: Some early crocodylomorphs have a limited dorsal armor, elongated slender limbs with ventrally directed glenoid fossae and parasagittally directed rotation of the calcaneum in an erect posture, and procoelous vertebrae with short transverse processes corresponding to a terrestrial lifestyle.

To make the matters worse, my bachelors degree is in microbiology. I wish there was a textbook, paper or diagram that taught me every single bone, muscle and other organs in vertebrate animals.

I'll get straight to the point:

-born with it -largest one -under 20 moles in total (all of which just look like circlular brown marks) -14 years old -when I was younger around 5, I got kicked in that mole shown, and it slightly cut it open like 3% off. didnt reach far. -theres a small couple dots of white with a slight color of brown-yellow. -diameter is arround 0.4cm -located on left side of my waist -brown and brown-red colors -stretched circle shape, it can be halfed in 2 and both sides the same. -abit bumpy in appearance and touch -no border

I’m taking an animal biology class within my level 3 animal management course. I need free resources to help out, for example a website with mock tests, youtubers or really anything.

Whatever helped you learn I am willing to try!

Please help me wrap my head around the end product of meiosis 1 and 2! How do they BOTH produce 23 Chromosomes? My professor confused me more when I emailed him this question and even googled is confusing me. Maybe I’m overthinking? the end product of meiosis 1 is the separation of the homologous pair of chromosomes (one from mom and one from dad) but how do they have 23 chromosomes and not 46. And then when the sister chromatids are separated in meiosis 2, how do all 4 daughter cells contain 23 chromosomes!?! It’s making me mad I don’t understand this.

This is a Question from my University so I’ll reword it lol just in case.

Company owns reservoir near wick Durham and Sheffield. They need to carry out maintenance work at one of the reservoirs next April however they require water levels to increase as low as possible during April. Analyse recent weather station data collected between 1997-2017 to determine which one of the sites might be best suited to carrying out maintenance work next April.

The null hypothesis I said

There is no significant difference in the increase in water levels among the reservoirs in Wick Durham and Sheffield based on the weather data from 1997-2017.

Alternate hypothesis I said

There is significant difference in increase in water levels among reservoirs in wick Durham and Sheffield based on weather data from 1997-2017 and one site is better suited for maintenance work.

Would this be right…? Because my partner from the group I’m working in said it would be

There is no significant difference in the average rainfall in wick Durham Sheffield in April between 1997-2017.

But we aren’t really investigating the rainfall in these locations are we we are investigating which location would be have the least amount of increasing water levels based on the data analysis of 1997-2017 in April.??

Btw the only reason I’m posting here is cus she isn’t replying so I just want to have a quick suggestion and then I’ll get back to her when she does reply heheh

So, I'm having trouble understanding this. Maybe a wolf alpha isn't the same thing as being a dominant male/female?

Why is it correct to say that other social animals (Gorillas, lions, seal, humans, even chickens apparently) have a dominance based hiarachy, but a dominant wolf in a pack is wrong?

And I'm not talking about an alpha in the kind of cringy way some guys adopt it, more in a leader/protector role of the group. The kind of structure that serves survival.

Which type of muscle cell(Smooth, Cardiac, and Skeletal) contains the most mitochondria?

Small context: 20 years old, from italy and based in italy.

Here we go, it's a little long.

Two years ago, when I enrolled in the Biology bachelor, I did so with the vague yet fervent idea of becoming a "protector of nature."

It was a vague notion, I admit, but one filled with enthusiasm. I envisioned immersing myself in a vast field of study, gradually understanding and mastering it so that I could one day step into a forest and confidently say, "I know how this works and how to help it thrive. I know how to protect it from humans—or at least help it coexist with us as harmoniously as possible."

As time passed, I encountered some challenges.

For instance, I realized that I struggle to enjoy or easily navigate the rigor of scientific literature and terminology.

More importantly, as I delved deeper into my studies, gained field experience, and engaged with research realities, I began to see that I lack a genuine and spontaneous passion for nature’s intricate workings in their finest details.

I mean the specificity of it all:

Even tho i knew it (university and academics are about DEEP learning after all), i guess i didn't really see it coming.

It's just that, while doing it, i realized i was more the guy to look at national geographic ad think "wow, cool", than the guy to spend hours and hours looking at population growth graphs, or understanding the evolution of teeth structure in mammals since their appearance, or get deep into the structure and functioning of a specific bunch of enzymes.

And this lack of interest, that sometimes manifests itself, deadly joins with a matter of motivation:

Much of what I study feels self-contained: there’s nothing wrong with pursuing knowledge for its own sake if it inspires passion, but it doesn’t inspire me enough to fully dive into its purity out of sheer interest.

I believe people are drawn to what they can use, transform, or ultimately benefit from. This applies to my studies as well.

Do I really want to safeguard a species or ecosystem just for the sake of doing so? Simply for the satisfaction of knowing, as I go to bed, that I’ve preserved some untouched corner of nature?

Is that corner truly "untouched" if human intervention was required to keep it that way?

What does "untouched" even mean? Does it refer to how it was before modern humans? Is it feasible—or even sensible—to ensure that certain places remain free of human influence?

If the goal is to protect these areas from interference, then shouldn't we save them and then forget about them, letting them exist and evolve on their own? This is a noble approach, and I recognize its virtue, but I struggle to embrace an initiative that lacks practicality and concrete utility.

I struggle to embrace an initiative that lacks practicality and concrete utility. Nature and its dynamics, in and of themselves, do not ignite enough passion in me to delve deeply into them or work with them deliberately out of pure enthusiasm. I cannot help but wonder if such efforts are ultimately futile—too small to stand against the relentless machine of urban expansion and capitalist interests.

For me, to wholeheartedly and intensely apply my intellect to mastering naturalistic or conservation biology, I need to see its practical value beyond its moral principle. I need to see myself in a meaningful role, to think, "These studies and this knowledge make me someone who contributes to the development and well-being of the community in X way." I hope there is more to this than merely earning a degree that qualifies me to manage a park where families picnic on Sundays. Please tell me it's more than beautiful words spoke to unbothered world leaders and a source of recreation and picturesque photographs for trekking enthusiasts.

More examples.

I had the opportunity to study abroad on an Erasmus exchange program at a Polish university:

I had a professor in Applied Ecology that spends much of his life monitoring bat populations in a forest, capturing them, counting them, and measuring their dimensions.

A fellow student was thrilled at the mere prospect of spotting a particular bird species.

Another professor devoted his entire career to identifying a single enzyme in a single plant species.

Another professor, in my home university, devoted his whole adult life to studying one single kind of ions channels.

I deeply respect the passion that drives people to engage so deeply with nature, whether on a macroscopic, microscopic, or molecular level, but I find it hard to relate. Said in french, sometimes i can't help but think "Sorry but idgaf", after a certain level of specificity is reached.

At least, not in its "pure just for the sake of it" form.

One last thing, which i realize carries a big "just change bachelor man" weight.

If the slightest contribution, comes after years of research… sorry, it ain't for me.

We are back to the "interest" part. I can't see myself in a lab or on the field spending years collecting data and battling with statistics and informatics in order to find out about an ultra specific crumble of something, or just reviewing and confirming or denying what others said.

Yeah, maybe i don't really like science and its ways after all? Idk, i just hoped there was a way to get a "biological" job without getting ultra deep in academics and reserach.

Other than this, the whole "motivation" stuff.

Having made this confession, I now return to the purpose of this post.

I would greatly appreciate if any of you could share recommendations, share experiences, suggest readings, whatever, that might help me rediscover and reevaluate the role, purpose, and place of ecologists, environmentalists, naturalists, and biologists in our world.

Help me better understand the tangible contributions they make to healthy development, quality of life, and the value of civilization.

Help me see what biodiversity truly represents and why, beyond principle alone, it must be defended in all its forms, without leaving anything out.

Thank you for your time and consideration, sorry if i repeated myself along the post.

P.S.

Yes, i know that genetists, biotechs, bio-medical researchers, igienists, have a more easy-to-see role considered the direct line linking their field to human health, other than being responsible of the centers analyizing your blood and pee when needed.

It still seems far from actual society-changing innovations, and requiring of that whole researching abnegation backed by sheer passion i see lacking in myself… at least at the moment.

So hypothetically if a person could live forever, could they consume information to the brain forever or would there be a limit to the brain, in terms of how much the brain can store information?

TW: autopsy

So the thing is... I am a med student and I have just had my forensic medicine rotation (which I hated lol). Before all, I won't be asking for medical advice but I am rather curious if my shoes have been contaminated or not.

For one day of the rotation, I had to be in the autopsy room while several autopsies (at least 4) being performed at the same time. Well, they didn't have enough boots for everyone to wear so most of us had to use overshoes (the plastic cover you put over your shoes) so they wouldn't be contaminated by all the blood-mixed water puddles on the floor (the floor was very damp because they use a lot of water while performing the autopsy) BUT unfortunately the plastic covers didn't last long and they just got ripped off from my shoes which made me walk in the autopsy field with bare shoes until I got out and changed them new. Once I hit home I immediately put them in some corner and never wore or touched them for 2 weeks.

So my question is, should I just get rid of the shoes? Knowing that prion proteins are very resistant against stuff like heat and soap gets me worried a bit about wearing them again lol

I have observes many times that my peripheral vision seems to work better then looking directly at something. Im speaking about really low visibility scenarios. For example. I return at night at my appartment and dont open the lights at the halls. Now, the only light that comes in is the light from a window, that doesnt directly light the doors keyhole, or anything. If I try to look directly at the keyhole, I cant tell where it is. But if I try to look at the enter of the door, my peripheral vision sees it. Another example is being in bed, having closed.... Window covers, and being able to "see" only with my peripheral vision. Now, im not being able to see the colors, but I can identify the shapes better that way. Is that something normal? How is it explained

I was already familiar with humans' neoteny as a concept, us not being able to produce vitamin C and the way we sweat more than other animals.

But then TIL that most animals don't have the problems with inbreeding that we do: in our case, apparently it's because of a genetic bottleneck ages ago. Also, most animals don't have the wild reactions to blood donations and organ transplants that we do (I guess it has something to do with blood types? Are ours weird??)

So it got me wondering: what other elements of life that we take for granted are actually unique features of human biology?

Hello! I have a few questions about axolotls as I am doing a school project where I want to compare male axolotls living without female axolotls and axolotls living with both males and females. I want to compare the differences between these two groups. Can anyone help me, and maybe even provide some sources to explain the differences? I would appreciate hearing from you all!

Yes good

I hope this'll be cool :D