Hey does anyone did read something similar? Would like to debate jewish migration to northen europe in the 9th century

Examination of wood in Iceland shows it came from Europe and North American mainland.

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One of those rare times I wish I was part of Dr. Jackson Crawford's Patreon. https://www.reddit.com/user/JacksonCrawford/

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An idea crossed my mind:

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Jackson Crawford and Linguists familiar with the language of the local Tribes of the area of the east coast of Canada. This may be challenging to identify. If a speaker of the language can not be found, then find speakers of other languages from the region. And especially include a language speaker for what is considered the "Trade Language" for North America, meaning either a North American Tribe that seems to have traded far and wide bringing goods to them, or their goods are found all over the continent.

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I think what should next be done is: Dr. Crawford and the local language speaker proceed to only speak in their respective language, and go down a list of common items and name those items out loud. Then try to explain those items in their language. Never speak in English to "explain" a term.

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The scenario in my mind is as the two speakers talk, the listener may only understand terms out of context. And if the speaker becomes frustrated and says other words, the listener may not realize an incorrect term and start referring to an item as such. Eventually, I think the two speakers may develop a "Pidgeon" language to communicate.

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And I think these could make for interesting live-streamed videos. I am curious if this could lead to a discovery of something.

Hello!

I want to learn Old Norse or from what I understand it's also called Old Icelandic.

Where do I start?

Thanks!

While a lot of the old texts in the works of SSGL and SSFS are available online at Fornsvenska textbanken, the commentary and other information in the print editions isn't there. A lot of them are on archive.org but the lacking metadata make them hard to find. So I'm just going to dump my links here in case they're useful to anyone else.

Samling av Sveriges Gamla Lagar (SSGL)

Vol 1 - Västgötalagen

Vol 2 - Östgötalagen

Vol 3 - Upplandslagen

Vol 4 - Södermannalagen

Vol 5 - Västmannalagen

Vol 6 - Hälsingelagen, Smålandslagen, Bjärköarätten

Vol 7 - Gotlandslagen

Vol 8 - Visby Stadslag

Vol 9 - Skånelagen

Vol 10 - Magnus Erikssons Landslag

Vol 11 - Magnus Erikssons Stadslag

Vol 12 - Kristoffers Landslag

#Samlingar utgivna av Svenska Fornskriftssällskapet (SFSS)

SFSS 1 - Flores och Blanzeflor, ed. Klemming 1844

SFSS 2 - Sankt-Patriks-Sagan

SFSS 3 - Peder Månssons Stridskonst och Stridslag, ed. Hyltén-Cavallius

SFSS 4 - Vadstena Kloster-Reglor

SFSS 5 - Herr IvanLejonriddaren, ed. Liffman & Stephens 1849 (newer edition in SFSS 50)

SFSS 6 - Namnlös och Valentin, ed. Klemming 1846 (newer edition exists in SFSS 56 from 1931)

SFSS 7:1 - Ett fornsvenskt legendarium 1

SFSS 7:2 - Ett fornsvenskt legendarium 2

SFSS 7:3 - Ett fornsvenskt legendarium 3

SFSS 8 - Konung Erik XIV:s Krönika

SFSS 9:1 - Svenska Medeltidens Bibelarbeten 1

SFSS 9:2 - Svenska Medeltidens Bibelarbeten 2

SFSS 10 - Saga om Didrik af Bern, ed. Hyltén-Cavallius 1854

SFSS 11 - Hertig Fredrik af Normandie, ed. Ahlstrand 1853 (new edition in SFSS 49)

SFSS 12 - Konung Alexander, ed. Klemming 1862

SFSS 13 - Skrå-Ordningar

SFSS 14:1 - Birgittas Uppenbarelser 1

SFSS 14:2 - Birgittas Uppenbarelser 2

SFSS 14:3 - Birgittas Uppenbarelser 3

SFSS 14:4 - Birgittas Uppenbarelser 4

SFSS 14:5 - Birgittas Uppenbarelser 5

SFSS 15 - Bonaventuras betraktelser

SFSS 16 - Heliga Bernards Skrifter

SFSS 17:1 - Svenska Medeltidens Rimkrönikor 1

SFSS 17:2 - Rimkrönikor 2

SFSS 17:3 - Rimkrönikor 3

SFSS 18 - Susos Gudeliga Snilles Väckare

SFSS 19 - Själens Tröst

SFSS 20 - Skrifter till Läsning för Klosterfolk

SFSS 21 - Joh. Gersons Bok om Djefvulens Frestelse

SFSS 22 - Klosterläsning

SFSS 23:1 - Medeltidspostillor 1

SFSS 23:2 - Medeltidspostillor 2

SFSS 23:3- Medeltidspostillor 3

SFSS 23:4 - Medeltidspostillor 4

SFSS 23:5 - Medeltidspostillor 5

SFSS 24 - Gersons Lärdom (facsimile)

SSFS 25 - Medeltidsdikter och rim

SSFS 26 - Läke- och Örteböcker

SFSS 27 - Söderwall's Ordbok Öfver Svenska Medeltidsspråket:

A-L, M-T and Þ-Ö.

This is also searchable at Fornsvensk Lexikalisk Databas and the whole thing exists in partially-proofread XML form at Språkbanken.

SFSS 28 - Prosadikter från svensk medeltid

SSFS 29 - Historia Trojana, ed. Geete 1892

SSFS 30 - Jungfru Marie Örtagård, ed. Geete 1895

SSFS 31 - Speculum Virginum, ed. Geete 1897

SSFS 32 - Hel. Mechtilds Uppenbarelser, ed. Geete 1899

SSFS 33 - Svenska Kyrkobruk under Medeltiden

SSFS 34 - Helige Mäns Lefverne

SSFS 35 - Upplandslagen efter Ängsöhandskriften

SSFS 36 - Skrifter till Uppbyggelse

SSFS 37 - Södermannalagen efter Cod. Havn.

#Codices Holmiæ

Since Kungliga Biblioteket's search Regina sucks for manuscripts, here are some that are on Archive.org:

A 1 - Pentateukparafrasen

A 5b - Birgittas Uppenbarelser

A 12 - Jungfru Maria örtagård

A 24 - Vadstena Klosterregel

A 33 - Heliga Birgittas Levnad

A 44 - Birgittas Uppenbarelser

A 58 - Jöns Buddes Bok

A 84 - Antiphonarium et Hymnarium Sanctae Birgittae

A 120 - Jungfru Maria Klagan (in runes!)

A 135 - Codex Aureus

B 47 - Magnus Erikssons Stadslag

B 59 - Äldre Västgötalagen

B 64 - Gutalagen

B 119 - Kristoffers landslag

D 3 - Fru Elins Bok

D 6 - Karlskrönikan

Varia

Rål. Fol. 151 - Christofers landslag

Isl. Perg. Fol. 6 - Barlaams saga ok Josaphats

Isl. Papp. Fol. 39 - Orkneyinga saga

Isl. Perg. 4:o 18 - Heiðarvíga saga

Isl. Perg. 4:0 34 - Frostatingsloven

Wiktorsson's 2011 edition of Äldre Västgötalagen, part 1, part 2

Olai Petri Svenska Krönika - ed. Klemming

Flores och Blanzeflor, ed. Olsson 1921

In his edition and translation of Äldre Västgötalagen, Per-Axel Wiktorsson consistently renders "guþ holl" into "gudarna hulda". Which, needless to say, makes it appear to be a pagan expression and strikes me as odd for an era by which we know Sweden had been converted. If anything the conversion of Västergötland, which was already known to have been the first part of the country to convert, has been pushed back even further in recent years.

The apparent rationale here seems to be that he's reading "holl" as neuter plural nominative. So correspondingly, "guð" as neuter plural would have to imply the pagan gods since the Christian one is masc. singular and this distinction is well-attested.. But would they still be using an obviously polytheistic expression by that point? And "hollr" isn't really an adjective I'd associate with the pagan gods. Indeed it doesn't seem attested in those contexts either. It is however a common idiom for the Christian god, "guð hollr" (masc. sing. nom. in GKS 1157) and "guð hollan" (masc. sing. acc. in DNI 75^26 ).

It'd seem more likely to me at least to just be an apocope rather than a fossil pagan expression. There even seems to be other examples of it ("Magnusi konungi holl", rather than "hollum" in masc. sing. dat. in Sverris Saga, AM 327 4°).

Anyone else have an opinion or knowledge here?

I’m curious as to whether there any attestations whatsoever - whether in Porto-Norse, Old Norse or mentioned in other sources - of the name Aðulfr /Aulfr, from Porto-Germanic Aþalawulfaz. I am aware that the name element Aðal- is very uncommon in the corpus of North Germanic given names, compared to West- or even East Germanic James, which is partially why I’m hoping someone might be able to assist in the matter.

Doing genealogical research, this is the oldest mention of the family farm. It's written in 14th century language, so both my limited knowledge of Modern Norwegian and Google Translate's rendition of Icelandic don't give me the full picture.

14 Septbr. 1307. Aslo.

Hakon međ guds miskun Noregs konongr son Magnus konnongs sændir ollum monnum þæim sæm þetta bref sia æđa heyra Q.G. ok sina. Ver vilium at þer at ver hofum grfuet herra Jone Rauđ halfs annars eyris bol j Dufla. Æfwenlegha honum ok hans ærfwingium. Firirbiodum ber huerium manne fyrsagđa eign hindra eđa þau lunnændi sæm till hænnar liggia. Næma sa er þat gerer vili sliku firi saura sæm logh vatta. Þetta bref var gort j Aslo kros messudagh vm haustit a niunda are rikis vars. Herra Snare Aslaks son jnsiglade Ballte klækr ritade.

Bagpaa med lidt sidligere Haand: vm halft annare oyres b. j Dufla.

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Just a quick question. Did old norse have a dual verb conjugation? In faroese we use the pronouns vit and tit as plural but we do still have the archaic pronouns vær and tær. If I understand it correctly are vit and tit dual and vær and tær plural. So did old norse have a verb conjugation to these different forms?