I was wondering. Does anyone know of a complete inventory of the Sutton Hoo Grave Goods? I recently read that a pair of shoes was discovered in the burial chamber. They were re-created by an artisan in Great Britain I believe. Is there an entire list of the grave goods that includes each of the investigations of Mound One?

Just curious

Per Capita and Overall richest

Extremely hard to find sources on this, Angles and Saxons valued bartering and were insular farming communities.

I am going to guess RaedWald as per cap richest and Offa as Richest ever.

RaedWald made $ from charging boats going in and out of the interior, He was on excellent terms with Aethelbert and Essex as friends. He was rich enough to send elite Thegns with Edwin and buried at Sutton Hoo.

Offa did it the Wal Mart way, en masse. The best Farmlands in Britain are in Mercia. Mercia shares borders or is close with a majority of the heptarchy, Hen Ogled and Wales. Mercia had several towns and decentralized power.

Offa was not scared at all to kill anybody who got in Mercias way. He also wrote to Charlemagne.

Offa was savy politically and partook in huge infastructure like Offas Dyke and building Tamworth up as the Capitol.

Title basically.

I am aware that generally the Anglo-Saxons preferred to fight with spears, axes, swords etc and utilised throwing weapons (javelins, franciscas etc), and I am aware that there is some evidence of them using bows (even if they didn't use them much), but I am curious as to whether they ever utilised crossbows or if that WAS one of the things the Normans actually brought across with them (I say that because it's a myth that the Normans were the ones who introduced castles here, and the ''knights'' they brought with them weren't a foreign concept to the Anglo-Saxons, the AS just simply preferred not to fight on horseback).

The more I read it seems these kingdoms were simply Angles living alongside Britons.

I believe Mercia was warbands who traveled from Angli to East Anglia and went upriver and

Edwin of Deira is noteable, Caedwalla in early Wessex and Offa in Mercia also.

I'm trying to find out more about the bitumen found in the Sutton Hoo ship burial. I'd love any information on them. What were they used for? Were they just samples of Bitumen or did they have a practical use for the individual buried in the ship? Even if you have a link to research done on this artifact, I'd appreciate it.

Frank

A 97/98 page Old English grammar guide that I made, there is an English version and one that is in Old English yes I translated the whole thing. If you take nothing else from it then feel free to take the nouns verbs and adjectives for your own use, there should be around 1200 nouns 208 adjectives and 367 verbs. There is also a “grammar words” section so in Old English accusative is wregendlic etc. The words were originally part of my personal vocab studying most of them aren’t exactly common words in the texts or poetic words just useful words for actually using the language on a day to day basis. Since there are plenty of resources for vocab concerning Beowulf or other books. I wrote down quite of few things that I see people get wrong like negative concord, how to be and to become take subject compliment, how languages after the preposition “on” take accusative for whatever reason, if I had this guide when I first started learning Old English it would’ve been the equivalent of handing George Washington an AK-47. A lot is here and I hope that you find it useful.

Eald Englisc stæfcræftboc mid CXVII and CXVIII leafum ic worhte boc on Englisc and on Eald Englisc ic awende eall þa boc gif þu ne ræde na ealles þanne anim þa naman þa word ond þa geiecendlic word on þissere bec sindon twa hund ond þusend naman eahta ond twa hund geiecendlic word and ðri hund seofon and sixtig word þær ys "stæfcræftlic word" dæl eac on Eald Englisc accusativus is wregendlic ond swæ forþ þa word wæron dæl minre agenre wordgecneordnesse monig word nis gewunelic on þæm bocum oððe leoðlic mann meahte heora brucan gif he þæt geðeode ælce dæge sprecan wolde forðom þe oðre menn habbað oðre bec gewriten be Beowulfe oþþe oðrum bocum ic wrat manig þing þæt þe menn oft misdoð swelce nesemanigfealdnysse wesan beon ond weorþan beoþ mid nemniendlican fielle geðeodu gif hig æfter "on" beoð beoð on wregendlicum fielle gif ic hæfde þas boc þa undergunne ic ærest Englisce gereorde þa wære hit swelce mann George Washington AK-47 dyde fela þinga is her ond ic wene þæt þu mines gewrites brucan scyle

Modern English version

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1hvsgJWUdrFkKegtRW78eB5JoYqiYmIXViA1fGZdSo5o/edit?tab=t.0

Old English version

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1g-vWt4qixvULdjBpCfVsl5VkP3BL86LOhuQ_UJub6Vw/edit?tab=t.0

The title.

". The Anglo-Saxons called the Romano-British *Walha, meaning 'Romanised foreigner' or 'stranger'. The Welsh continued to call ..." stole it from wikipedia

Hello everybody!

I thought that I'd share this here since we are all interested in everything Old English and Anglo Saxon and since there aren't really that many books out there in this kind of genre. I have written a book, a short story, that uses almost all modern Anglo-Saxon/Germanic English words, as well as many revived or slightly made up Old English words and names, at least as much as I could get away with for a book that is to be understood by the general public. It is a medieval epic style tale that is set in a fantasy version of Anglo Saxon England and the dark ages and early middle ages of Europe and the world. It is inspired by Anglo Saxon poems and stories and is loosely based upon the events leading up to and surrounding the Norman Conquest and other real history of the Anglo Saxons and the vikings. This is also the first book that I have ever published, though I have been a long-time writer.

If you'd like to have a look at it it's on Apple Books and soon it will be on Amazon Kindle too.

The book is called Wolfstone the Unready King. This is my book's description:

Wolfstone the Unready King is a medieval epic style short story that is set in a fantasy world. It is written in a style that takes inspiration from the early history of England and classic Anglo Saxon stories such as Beowulf that were written in Old English and is set in a world that is based upon dark ages and early medieval England and Europe. It is the tale of a boy named Wolfstone that unexpectedly becomes king after his grandfather dies and suddenly finds himself having to grow up fast and take on the duties of his inherited kingdom. His grandfather tells him his final wishes for the kingdom before he dies, hoping that Wolfstone will follow in his footsteps. But Wolfstone has a goal of his own and he quickly learns what it means to be king...

For now it's an eBook but it will soon also be available in both paperback and Apple audiobook. The eBook is available here if you'd like to check it out:

https://books.apple.com/us/book/wolfstone-the-unready-king/id6740995557

I apologize ahead of time if this isn't allowed here and feel free to remove it if it is not. Well anyway thanks for having a look and please do tell me what you think!

Just bought the brilliant "The Anglo-Saxon landscape, The Kingdom of the Hwicce".

How is "Hwicce" pronounced?

Thanks all!

Do we know of some of the popular landing zones for early forming Anglo Saxon Kingdoms?

Hi, is total war : thrones of britannia a good late anglo-saxon game? I'm very interested in the topic and am reading many books into it now and in the coming weeks.

We seem to have a bee in our bonnet about poor Sussex and its supposed poor historical performance. But like everything when you peal off the later Anglo-Saxon propaganda you find a post-Roman community written out of the narrative.

A few things you read about Sussex that are quite interesting. It has a one sided burial rite (almost no cremation) and the peculiar name for a first attested king, Aethelweahl (Noble Briton). Then the archaeology will show a high concentration of Quoit Brooch style metal work (Designs from Roman metalwork).

Looking here we can now go a little further. Sussex can be split into 3 lost kingdoms roughly equivalent to modern-day East Sussex, West Sussex and Hastings. It looks like West Sussexis the most interesting where they found pre-wilfrid churches and a stone hall... the author couldn't have put it better.

We now think there were several British churches already operating in the region, depicted in the map above. And why would Wilfrid choose to build a cathedral at Selsey, when the Roman city of Chichester was much more like the sites chosen for Anglo-Saxon cathedrals in other kingdoms?

Michael[the author] argues that it is likely that there was already a church on Selsey, and that Wilfrid found it easier to simply lay claim to this existing structure. “Selsey was an island, whose form closely resembles the ancient centres of Christianity in the far north and west: Glastonbury, Lindisfarne and Iona, where the post-Roman kingdoms of Britain had long retained their Christian identity.”

It looks like there is a video of his lecture and his work will be available for free in a year and a half.

https://youtu.be/K04Bpt8wJ3U?si=iKxkMiIElMxnvCIL

Sussex.....

Who even comes close? This Man rocked a whole facemask 1500 years before Covid.

He had a Yacht, killed AethelFrith, funded Edwin, whom he accepted in Exile and paid respect to Aethelbert of Kent.

Offa out here killing his family and we got RaedWald blinged out/

How would you spell the name: Cnut or Canute?

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I'm a huge fan of the deep analysis of texts for our period. Sometimes they can reveal some very interesting things. When it comes to the pagan world, things get very very thin, but I promise this one is really cool!

Based on this blog post that puts together some older work we have some quite compelling narratives we can tell.

Karl Inge Sandred, who demonstrated that the former derivation of Ingham from *Ingan-hām, 'the estate of a man named *Inga', is unlikely to be correct. Sandred argued instead that the Ingham place-names probably all reflect Germanic *Ingwia-haimaz, which he reads as 'the estate of the Inguione', a tag to mark places as the royal property of a king who claimed to be of an Inguionic dynasty.

So a homestead of a royal individual(Inguione) or based on how many Inghams we have in north eastern England...

Kenneth Cameron and John Insley have more recently offered an alternative interpretation of an original *Ingwia-haima-, seeing it instead as a name meaning 'the estate of the devotees of the deity Ing'.(8) Needless to say, if Cameron and Insley's reading is correct, then the four Ingham places-names would again indicate sites where early Anglo-Saxon Kultverbände were based

For this narrative we will hope that rather than the estate of the Inguione, it is an estate for the devotees of deity Ing (maybe him ;)

It just so happens that a Ingham placename in Lincolnshire is within walking distance of a Willingham or in old English Wifelingahām. The best translation for that has been found is an unattested Old English term for a pagan priest, Wifel. Old Norse name Véseti and Vífill were originally terms for heathen priests and the placename Vivilsta is found in Uppland in Sweden, nearish where they find the Vendel burials.

Alltogether, Wifelingahām may be the homstead of a cultic group headed by a pagan prisest. Willingham by Stow is really close to Ingham, a 2 hours walk. Another 2 hours and you will be in Caenby a tumulus of a seated burial where they find a possible Woden on a metal plate. Lincolnshire is possibly even the most powerful early Anglo-Saxon centre, it has the richest early coin finds and its own vicus emporia. Based on this distribution of material culture and burials styles Licolnshire and the north east has to be really important, it even has a placename for Badon!

Baumber, near Horncastle in Lindsey, is also considered to be a possible Badon + burh, taking the form Badeburg in the Domesday Book.

http://www.arthuriana.co.uk/notes&queries/N&Q3_ArthLincs.pdf

Total wealth is probably Offa, Wealth as a % of economy is the real question.

my guess

-RaedWald- East Anglia was developed 2nd after Kent (who basically was heavily developed in Roman times

Raedwald is probably Sutton Hoo buruial.

He taxed ships heading in ($$$)

He was funding Edwins war with troops (Elite Thegns) and supplies.

Aethelbert strongly supports him. Aethelbert had massive influence, from Franks to Jutes to Angles to Saxons, to Britons and was the 1st Christian Anglo/Saxon king

I’m sure lots of you have seen Osweald Bera, which is still quite new and seems to do things quite differently to all the other OE learning materials I’ve seen. Before I drop $47 on it, I just wanted to know if it’s really worth it, and how well it works on its own, and if you recommend studying it with a grammar companion, which companion you’d recommend

Cheers!

Trying to make shield decals based on ancient anglo saxons

Anyone know where I can find symmetrical images or good pngs that work?

Not going for 100% historically accurate. I do know saxons had a religion similar to the norse, with some differences here and there