is the choice of plural form arbitrary in OE? is the there any significance in adding ge- prefix?

Many common verbs across multiple germanic languages contain the element "be-". I'm talking about words like believe, become, behave, belong, betray, besiege etc in English, and beklemmen, benötigen, bekommen, besuchen, bewähren, bewundern, bewohnen, besiegen etc in German (and probably their cognates in Dutch). Examples also exist in nordic languages but mostly as adjectives derived from verb past participles borrowed from northern german dialects, like bekjent and beklemt for example, but also a few common verbs like besøker, also borrowed from German.

What root word did this be- prefix originally derive from, and what did it originally mean? Is that still traceable? It's tempting to think it comes from the word beon in OE and its proto germanic counterpart, but the meanings just don't line up. The word beon was also phased out and merged with wesan very early on in Ahd, as another user had pointed out to me earlier.

A quick glance at the german words makes me think the prefix be- makes an intransitive root verb transitive, though exceptions exist. For example beginnen can be both intransitive and transitive, and root verbs like suchen and klemmen are transitive themselves. On the English side the usage is far less regular, with verbs like belong and behave being strictly intransitive. The fact that the words seldom find cognates of each other across English and German makes me think most of these words aren't that old. But the question remains, where did the verb element be- originally derive from?

Are there any good apps, books, or audiobooks? Thanks.

Is “Sē swifta brūna fox hlēop ofer þone slāwen hund.” a good translation of “the quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog.?

How would one pronounce 'weorold'?

Did old English have the Yes-No question intonation like modern English?

In old English when asking a question that when translated to modern English starts with the word “Do” is the question like German where the question starts with a verb and then pronoun i.e German “Sprichst du Englisch? (do you speak English) and Modern English “Are you Jake?“

I want to learn to hand-write like the scribe who wrote Beowulf, and to do that I need a reference. Does anyone know where I can find one? I've heard of the beowulf font but I'm not sure of its accuracy.

So, what I'm asking is, is the Beowulf Font accurate enough to use as a guide, or if not, does someone have a reference?

Reference

It's kinda funny when you hear hwærhwugu, but where does -hwugu come from? Like how long did this term last? Why is it so hard to find? What would it be in Anglish? How would it look like in Modern English?

Was Þrīe the west Saxon equivalent of Þrī or was Þrī and Þrīe both West Saxon forms?

Is there any information of how Old English was spoken in day-to-day speech, or any words that were used solely in informal contexts. I'm very skeptical as - with most chielfy literary languages at the time - a lot of the writing is formal (usually prose or poem, too). Are there any accounts about how the Anglo-Saxons spoke, or any solid reconstructions of colloquial words used?

I'm just starting with OE, and the first resource I grabbed was the free Kindle version of C. Alphonso Smith's "Anglo-Saxon Grammar and Exercise Book."

For as old as it is I'm finding it fairly readable, but I wish it had an answer key to its exercises. Has anyone ever run across an online answer key created by someone else? Google searches haven't yielded any results.

In a sentence like "they fought before the sun rose up", I wanted to translate before as 'for', inspired by how 'fyrr/fyrir' is used in Old Norse. In my mind, I was thinking of something like "for þæm sigle up [some form of risan]." but am unsure on whether it is even grammatical[ly correct], and if so, what conjugation I should use for 'risan'.

How would someone say, for example, the year 1066 in Old English.

We say "ten sixty-six" or less commonly "one thousand sixty-six." So how would a person say it in Old English?

Would it be something like "þūsend and siex and sixtiġ?" "tīen siex and sixtiġ?" or something else?

is there any possible way to say something along the lines of "what the hell" or "what the fuck" in old english? if so, i'd like to know. thank you

So whenever I read Old English, I've been pronouncing <w> as /v/, like in Modern German. My Medieval English Lit professor told me that was correct, so I've kind of stuck with that. But lately I've read some pronunciation guides that say <w> is pronounced /w/. I realize that Old English pronunciation is largely speculation, so is there any chance that /v/ could be correct? Maybe dialectical variations? Is it possible that the "<w> as /v/" characteristic of Modern German was also present in Old English? I'd like to hear you guys' thoughts on this, as I'm by no means an expert in this.

I am currently trying to write a speech for someone who means a lot to me and have a certain way of doing so. I find one word out of all of English that can accurately or for the most part describe that person. I am looking for a word that means that the are inspiration, that they care for others, that they are loved and looked up to, and that they are funny. Or this word could mean something else of the sort as well.

I know not if anyone has already made tongue twisters yet. But I think it would be fun to make some. (I am nowhere near qualified to write in Old English)

Does anyone know of a vocabulary list for Beowulf? I would like to make an Anki deck so when I start reading it I won't have to look up so many words. Ideally it would be a list of all of the words used in Beowulf without words from other sources, but any extensive Old English vocabulary list would be useful.

Like Could King Alfred the Great be called, Ælfred Æthelwulfssun?

I know that Harold II had this, Harold Godwinsson

If the phrase “middle-earth” for the realm of man originates in Old Norse/Germanic mythology, why did the Christian Anglo-Saxons continue to use the phrase in writing and poetry, and when/why did this phrase fall out of use?

Hello! I see that one of the resources in this subreddit is the Old English Discord server, but for me it says that the link is expired... Is there a new updated invite somewhere around here? Thanks in advance for the help!

Or at least similar enough to be intelligible?

Was blæc more common or was sweart more common ?

https://youtu.be/qmFyKf7bP9A?si=hitM7CBiCRqRfGtz

This is an Old English translation of the "Universal Germanic Dialogue" (https://youtu.be/ryVG5LHRMJ4?si=fHx2IKFSfUFK25Wh)

Is this an accurate translation?