For the US and USSR I notice their soldiers have grenades magically suspended on their overalls or clothing, how they do that? I am suspecting some sort of clip but I can't seem to find any info or appearance of it online thus asking this sub.

Also how the Germans carry there grenades, I only see a pick of them placing in there belt but is there a clip as well?

Did other authors discuss the Hyksos rulers of Egypt, and if so, what did they think of them?

I know that the Umayyad Caliphate had their seat of power in Mecca and the Abbasids in Baghdad. Why didn’t they operate from Mecca or Medina where Islam was founded?

What does Macaulay mean by a "single shelf of a good European library"? What kind of books is he talking about?

Macaulay's claim sounds preposterous given the enormous contributions made by Arab Muslim mathematicians, scientists and philosophers during the Middle Ages. Did he really read the "native literatures of India and Arabia" in translation, as he claimed? What would have been the reasoning behind the conclusion of leading Orientalists that this body of literature is totally lacking in merit, assuming Macaulay's claims are trustworthy and well-sourced? If the "whole native literature of India and Arabia" was actually worthless, why would the Orientalists spend so much time studying it?

The full quote from the Minute:

I have no knowledge of either Sanscrit or Arabic. But I have done what I could to form a correct estimate of their value. I have read translations of the most celebrated Arabic and Sanscrit works. I have conversed, both here and at home, with men distinguished by their proficiency in the Eastern tongues. I am quite ready to take the oriental learning at the valuation of the orientalists themselves. I have never found one among them who could deny that a single shelf of a good European library was worth the whole native literature of India and Arabia. The intrinsic superiority of the Western literature is indeed fully admitted by those members of the committee who support the oriental plan of education.

I’m taking a OSHA 10 course and know from school that the Roman military was often tapped for tough engineering projects like roads bridges etc. What were the injury and death rates like for this aspect of legionary life? Were deaths treated like deaths in battle?

It strikes me that a relatively clear, and more importantly spherical ball made from any crystalline material would be seriously difficult to produce without modern technology. So where is it that such items in the historical record come from?

To narrow it down to one time and place, say I'm interested in Agrippa's Three Books of Occult Philosophy around the time of their publication. How do I get my hands on them?

I know these texts were printed and published, but I'm having a hard time imagining what the readership looks like. What do we know about who's actually buying these books and how they're distributed at the time? What does a copy of a book like this cost, and where do you get one?

I know this seems like a very specific question, but it all started when I read the wiki article regarding Aztec human sacrifice practices and one section relates to how the god Huehueteotl would be honored via performing the aforementioned ritual.

Now, I've found a few articles on google that hint at this being true, but none provide any citations at all for any of their claims. Wiki does provide a citation leading to a codex written by Bernardino de Sahagun (page 83), but that page is written entirely in Spanish and I cannot find any translations online for that page in particular.

I guess the crux of my question is, did such a ritual genuinely exist in practice? And if so, what evidence are there, be they contemporary accounts for the time or archeological one's that prove its existence? Thank you.

I grew up Southern Baptist, and had several different preachers growing up. One was more focused on Revelation than the others and was really into the "we need to protect the Jews in Israel because they are one day going to rebuild the Third Temple and bring back Jesus" type stuff, so that's the background of this question.

Also among religious Jews, what's the attitude towards a Third Temple?

Justa s the title says, I am curious about historical Ainu figures from around the Bakumatsu period.

Now, the Bakumatsu was a very turbulent time for Japan and that Includes the Ainu, and whike there is quite a lot of info about the Ainu in general during said period, none of the info I found mentioned any names. So I am curious about the individual Ainu that had Interesting/Important lives during said period. I am aware they were not the most centrelised culture, but still.

Hi all, I'm writing an undergrad paper and I need to cite a gold coin of the Byzantine emperor Justinian II (685–695 CE) minted at Constantinople in MLA format (or honestly any citation style at this point). Any pointers are appreciated.

The US has been held up as a model for liberal, republican, and democratic movements around the globe. Given that, how did these liberals, republicans, and democrats react to the news that the US would ban the manufacture, transportation, and sale of alcohol? Were they shocked that the they would pass such a draconian law, or did they see it as an advancement in liberal governance that they sought to replicate in their own countries? Alternately, did they see it as simply a peculiarity of American culture that had little to do with liberal-democratic ideology? Or did they have an entirely different reaction?

From my knowledge, Bryan had ran on a platform that was in the same vein as the one in 1896, including a stance against imperialism. With the economic prosperity that was in process prior to the election, combined with fierce Republican support in the region, why had the Northeast shifted towards Bryan despite these circumstances?

Were German men happy to go fight on the front lines, and did their opinions on Hitler and the war change once they were there?

For my university assignment I have to write a 3,000 word article, it can be about anything but has to link to uses of the past. I love American history, I want to find some good scholarship around its commercialisations, one thing I know I definitely want to focus on is NFL teams (e.g. Bills, 49ers, Redskins… maybe even cowboys) as I really love the NFL, but I’m struggling to find scholarship around it. Other commercialisations I can think of is the western genre, but not much else off the top of my head.

In an ideal world, I would solely speak about how American Football and the NFL have used American history - but im not too sure if i can get 3,000 words from that as I am really struggling to find scholarship, hence why I am thinking of branching into other forms of commercialisations of the West.

Can anyone help? TIA

I know that for most of the period there was no formal divide between "Northern" and "Southern" Democrats, but there were undeniably regional differences and peculiarities, and it occurred to me the other day that Southern Democrats were quite possibly a more protectionist lot than their northern counterparts, since they were representing principally agrarian regions. I haven't heard much about any internal policy divides between Democrats in the antebellum period, and I'd be curious to know how much material differences there were within the party on a regional basis, excepting the obvious with the Southern Democrats' pro-slavery stance and hawkishness about expanding slave states within the Union.

Basically, how true is the idea that Roman Principate was the age where the Imperial Rome reached its maximum prosperity, while the later Roman Dominate was a period of steady decline, where everything was slowly unraveling and fragmenting under endemic internal and external warfare, rising authoritarianism of the Emperor and the economic collapse? Was the Dominate really that inferior to the Principate?

I’ve been wondering what the Indian perspective was on early European commercial ventures in India, prior to the conquests of the East India Company, and I am almost certain that there must have been at least some written records, but I have never seen any.

Is anyone aware of any surviving records on Indian/European interactions in this period from the Indian perspective?

The Nazis infamously held a mock exhibition of modern art they deemed Entartete Kunst ("degenerate art") in Munich in late 1937, which featured the likes of George Grosz, Paul Klee, and Otto Dix. I've seen a few pictures of the exhibition and I was actually surprised by how well-designed it seemed at a glance; had I not been aware that this was an anti-modern art exhibition, I would have assumed it was in fact celebrating the art it showcased! The use of framing and typography is actually fairly creative at times. I know the exhibition was organized by Adolf Ziegler, but do we know who was actually responsible for the exhibition's scenography? Do we have any evidence that might suggest the exhibition backfired on the Nazis because it failed to convince visitors that modern art was bad?

Hi everyone.

Sorry if this might get a bit law-y, so forgive me if I'm in the wrong sub. I'm currently writing my master thesis on the role of the german media in the revision of the nazi euthanasia and I've came across a weird point, that I cant make up my mind about: Some german historians distance themselves from the term "euthanasia", since its a facist term that was used to legitimate mass murder and still is eponymous for a whole scientific field. Others (mostly older historians) put it in quotes to show their knowledge of using a facist battle cry and half-heartedly distance themselves from it. Sadly there aren't any alternative designations for "euthanasia" apart from "Krankenmorde" ("Sickmurders"), which has found some use amongst historians, but still is misleading due the fact that not every person that was killed or sterilized acutally was sick/disabled. While I was looking for another, less propaganda-soaked term to describe euthanasia, I stumbled upon the UN-convention on the prevention and punishment of genocide from 1948. In article II it states that:

"genocide means any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such:

(a) Killing members of the group;

(b) Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group;

(c) Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part;

(d) Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group;

(e) Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group."

I can reliably state and prove (if wanted) that every aspect from (a) to (e) was met in the euthanasia in nazi germany. Every aspect except one: The victims of the euthanasia can't be summarized as a national, ethical, racial oder religious group. Or more polemic: They weren't a "genos", so they couldn't be "cided". Maybe its just me, but to say that it was "solely" mass murder seems a bit off, since every person was persecuted because of the nazi ideology, so they defintitely had something in common. Therefor I'm not sure if euthanasia can be seen as a "genocide of the ideologically rejected" (the best thing I've come up with so far), but I'm sure someone has a better and more substantiated view on this than I have. Thanks a lot in advance.

Yes, there was the Civil War. But other than that, the country has had the same constitution, institutions, and system of government since independence. Even replacements of heads-of-state have been peaceful (ignoring a certain unhappy response in 2021...)

Meanwhile, the French are on their fifth republic. Which has been inter-spliced with two (maybe three kinda) empires, and two royal restorations. Plus whatever the July Revolution was. I'm probably missing a few as well.

Why has one country remained so stable, and the other a sea of constant change?

So it's my understanding that the concept of the state first emerged in walled-in cities, with wilderness between them being unclaimed, but eventually we came to where we are today, with well-defined borders going straight through uninhabited wilderness. Why, when and how did this happen? Thanks!

What is the purpose of this? Just hype?

(Since the first time didn't work, second try)

Supplmental questions: what role did le Chevalier d'Eon played in this organization? Did he mostly do paperworks, or some kind of fighting were involved?

Welcome to Tuesday Trivia!

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Come share the cool stuff you love about the past!

We do not allow posts based on personal or relatives' anecdotes. Brief and short answers are allowed but MUST be properly sourced to respectable literature. All other rules also apply—no bigotry, current events, and so forth.

For this round, let’s look at: Vegetarianism! Most animals don't really get a choice about being an omnivore, herbivore, or carnivore but us bipedal, big-brained animals do get to choose. This week's trivia is all about vegetarianism. Use this week to celebrate all things about people making the choice to actively remove animal products from their diet and sometimes, even their lives.