I can't boot from my multiboot flash drive anymore, it just goes to the OS on the internal drive instead.

Here's a little backstory: I first installed Windows To Go on it using Rufus, and then I installed Ubuntu on it on a new EXT4 partition I created. After installing Ubuntu, I rebooted the flash drive, and it just booted into the Windows partition, as if Ubuntu didn't install with Grub. So I booted into a live Ubuntu ISO, and the Ubuntu partition mounted, and was right there. So, I just reinstalled Grub on the flash drive using the terminal.

After that, I rebooted, and now the flash drive doesn't even boot anymore.

Notes: The Flash drive is USB 3.0, is 128 GB, is plugged into a USB 3.0 port, and both the Windows and Ubuntu partitions are at least 50 GB.

HY,

regardeless of the version of fedora linux ( 39 + ) releases and even the bios ( last version ) thunderbolt option *Enable*, the system tell me that this plateform is not available.

Is thunderbolt 3 is possible under linux with thoses laptops ?

thanks

Hello! I booted off of a live Ubuntu ISO from Ventoy. I can't open the Ventoy partition on live Ubuntu, though.

It shows up as a mounted device under the "Trash" on the left of the Files program, because it auto-mounted at startup, but it won't let me open it, though.

When I try to open the "mounted" device, it gives me this error message:

Unable to access "Ventoy"

Error mounting /dev/sda1 at /media/ubuntu/Ventoy: /dev/sda1 already mounted or mount point busy.

Is there a way to access this partition, and read and write to it? It contains all the ISO for the Ubuntu that was booted, and much more files.

I've also seen some people here say it's not possible for any live ISO to access the parition that contains the ISO it booted from, but the HBCD ISO (which is based off of the Windows PE ISO) can do it just fine.

I could access the parition that contained the HBCD ISO, from the live HBCD that was running off of the ISO from that partition.

Which Linux distros let you try it as a booted ISO? As opposed to just being used to install it, you can also try it.

Hello, all! I am booting Linux Ubuntu off of a thumb drive. Now, I am trying to mount to that thumb drive, so I can access more than just the CDROM.

The thumb drive shows up in mounted devices listed under the "Trash" in Files, on the left-hand side, but upon trying to open it, it gives the same error that it reported after I tried to mount it in the terminal*. In the error from opening it in Files, it states the external drive is known as /dev/sda1

When I try to mount the thumb drive to an existing directory I created, this happens....

[START OF TERMINAL 1]

ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo mkdir /media/ubuntu/Ventoy

ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo mount /dev/sda1 /media/ubuntu/Ventoy

*mount: /media/ubuntu/Ventoy: /dev/sda1 already mounted or mount point busy. (This is the same error that appears when trying to open it when it's listed on the left-hand side in Files)

[END OF TERMINAL 1]

Alright. That doesn't work, so I do this...

[START OF TERMINAL 2]

ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo ntfsfix /dev/sda1

Failed to determine whether /dev/sda1 is mounted: No such file or directory Mounting volume... Failed to access '/dev/sda1': No such file or directory

Error opening '/dev/sda1': No such file or directory

FAILED

Attempting to correct errors... Failed to access '/dev/sda1': No such file or directory

Error opening '/dev/sda1': No such file or directory

FAILED

Failed to startup volume: No such file or directory

Failed to access '/dev/sda1': No such file or directory Error opening '/dev/sda1': No such file or directory

Volume is corrupt. You should run chkdsk.

[END OF TERMINAL 2]

Also note...

1. The thumb drive is NOT corrupted. It works just fine in a Windows machine, and is formatted to FAT32, so Linux Ubuntu should be able to mount it easily.

2. I already tried these commands with other sdb's I found in /dev/, which are /dev/sda, /dev/sda1, dev/sda2.

3. The comments that say "sdb" are supposed to say "sda", so "sdb1" would be "sda1".

Please note that the sound isn’t muted

I’m using Ubuntu 20.04 focal

https://preview.redd.it/ugt2zp6sqehc1.png?width=805&format=png&auto=webp&s=c16badd1a0fe0f06aab3e91abc399014898733a1

Is it just me or is this still somehow not a thing outside of expensive industrial devices?

I just want something like an rpi with a small display+case I can buy as an idiot proof device that a normal person can plug in and use without having to assemble anything.

No visible wires, boards sticking out or giant holes, just a self-contained unit you plug in and go.

Why do I want this? One reason is I want to show a 24/7 camera feed on a device that sits on my desk. Is that too much to ask for? I write the software myself and just want a stock Ubuntu system to run on the device along with my (Qt-based) software.

Any ideas?

• Intel Processor N100 (Intel UHD Graphics 24 EU) + 32 GB RAM (single channel) 3200MHz 16-18-18-38
• Intel Pentium Silver N6005 (Intel UHD Graphics 32 EU) + 64 GB RAM (dual channel) 2933MHz 19-19-19-47

Planned use:

• transcode 4K HDR x264 content with a maximum bitrate of 77.5 Mb/s, handling up to 4 transcodes simultaneously (file size: 85GB for each one)
• RAM as a temporary transcoding folder

​

I am planning to purchase new seedbox/NAS/Plex/AdGuard server. I want to maximize the potential of the Odroid H3+ for these tasks, while maintaining flexibility for any limitations encountered.

The base is to be the Odroid H3+ (with an Intel® Pentium® Silver N6005 processor).

In my view, the most demanding aspect will likely be Plex, especially when attempting to transcode 4K HDR x264 content with a maximum bitrate of 77.5 Mb/s, handling up to 4 transcodes simultaneously.

I would like Plex to use RAM as a temporary folder (which will likely increase RAM requirements).

For metadata, it would be best to use SSD.

6 TB of HDD storage space seems sufficient.

I'm not restricted by budget, but I aim to optimize the components to avoid any bottlenecking.

My configuration may seem overkill, so I'm asking for advice on optimizing components to use the full performance potential, avoiding overperformance of any component.

My priorities are x86 and low power consumption (CPU+GPU Stress: ≃18W + 2xHDD 20W). Due to transcoding, I opt for an Intel processor with Intel Quick Sync Video, and considering sizes limited to a SoC board + 2xHDD 3.5”. I don't require data redundancy since it'll serve as junk data storage.

Operating conditions for Odroid H3+:

• 1 Gbps ethernet
• 1 Gbps internet UP and DOWN
• System: Debian GNU
• Intended use: seedbox/NAS/Plex/AdGuard for 24/7 operation

Planned components:

• 2x Seagate IronWolf Pro NAS HDD 24TB (RAID 0) although it seems that 6TB is enough, these 24TB drives offer the highest performance in read/write and this is only reason why I consider them as a baseline configuration.... however, if this performance is already overperformance then we cut performance (or even revision, if IronWolf Pro is too much). If RAID 0 is already overperformance, we can consider a single drive, etc. and so on. It is difficult for me to accurately estimate the performance needed at full load (seedbox + 4 transmissions).
• WD Red SN700 1TB (I don't know whether to take the more powerful Seagate IronWolf IronWolf 525 1TB PCIe Gen3 drive on the Odroid H3+ with the PCIe Gen3 connector) this disk will a system drive and for storing metadata. -> 1TB was chosen only because it has the best read/write performance, although 256 GB could be sufficient. If the difference is negligible even with slight performance variations, we can go for a smaller capacity.
• Corsair Vengeance 2x32G (64GiB) PC4-24300 CMSX64GX4M2A2933C19 2933 MT/s 19-19-19-47 -> I'm not sure how much memory will be needed for simultaneous transcoding of 4 materials, where the largest file is 85 GB. The Plex guide suggests that you need disk space close to the size of the transcoding source file plus 100 MB, at least for HDD/SSD - I don't know about RAM. Despite messages about too little space when locating on SSD (85GB movie), when allocating to RAM, this message does not appear even if I currently have only 16GB. However, if 64GB is to much, I can consider reducing it.

Cost estimate for the setup:

• ODROID-H3+ + power supply + case + SATA cabling + customs duty: 299,18 €
• 2x HDD drives: 2325,96 €
• 1x SSD: 205,03 €
• RAM: 157,98 €

Total: 2988,15 €

I'd greatly appreciate advice. The primary goal is maximum performance, but I don't want to invest in hardware that surpasses the speed of its slowest component, leading to overpayment for performance that I won't utilize.

Anyone remember the ben nanonote? I've been trying to purchase one second-hand as I couldn't buy one when released, but I could not find one anywhere. Did anyone buy one of these?

context:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_NanoNote

Hi everyone, I'm wondering something about Linux.

What is the most compatible file system with modern Linux devices & distros: EXT4, or BtrFS?

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Does anyone know the process for installing Linux on a galaxy a14 5g? I am looking for the process using a windows 10 computer or the process using Linux itself.

I feel like this should be a beginner hardware programming question, but in some ways it is not.

​

basically, I want to implement a device capable of taking instruction sets data coming in from the SBC motherboard CPU, processes it, and then sends it back to the components or peripherals that I use to interact with the SBC board by using a serial port and freeing up CPU pipeline processing space (CPU pipelines are like highways. If obstructed, many processes would just simply run much slower than average). Alone, an SBC CPU can't do much. But with a second component such as a microcontroller (as an example) maybe we can implement instruction-level parallelism to free-up our SBC programmable board from additional work that would have otherwise gone to the main CPU instead.

I was thinking of using a small programmable device with an RX serial port connector that can be connected with a jumper wire that can be set up for sharing workloads by executing ARM instruction sets in parallel, but I think that there may be additional types of serial ports available that are much more better suited for doing this type of job instead. All of this is hugely theoretical and I'm still trying to understand a better way to implement this without using network or usb ports. Do you have any working experience in implementing similar things with your programmable board? Feel free to share your knowledge in the comment section down below.

Hi, I have two cards which show up, but there is some kind of conflict when starting kvm.

Here is what I have (using NixOS):

kvm-config.nix (imported by configuration.nix):

{ config, pkgs, lib, ... }:
let
  pciIds = builtins.readFile "/etc/nixos/dynamic-vfio-params.txt";
in
{
  boot = {
    blacklistedKernelModules = [ "nouveau" "nvidia" "nvidiafb" ];
    kernelModules = [ "kvm-amd" ];
    kernelParams = [ "amd_iommu=on" "pcie_aspm=off" "vfio-pci.ids=\"${builtins.replaceStrings ["\n"] [""] pciIds}\"" ];
    extraModprobeConfig = "options kvm_amd nested=1";
    initrd = {
      availableKernelModules = [ "vfio-pci" ];
      preDeviceCommands = ''
        IFS=','
        DEVS=$(echo "${pciIds}" | tr -d '\n')
        for DEV in $DEVS; do
          echo "vfio-pci" > /sys/bus/pci/devices/$DEV/driver_override
        done
        modprobe -i vfio-pci
      '';
    };
  };
  virtualisation = {
    libvirtd = {
      enable = true;
      qemu = {
        package = pkgs.qemu_kvm;
        runAsRoot = true;
        swtpm.enable = true;
        ovmf = {
          enable = true;
          packages = [ (pkgs.OVMFFull.override {
            secureBoot = true;
            tpmSupport = true;
          }) ];
        };
      };
    };
  };
}

dynamic-vfio-params.txt:

0000:01:00.0,0000:01:00.1,0000:02:00.0,0000:02:00.1

lspci -nnk | grep -i nvidia:

01:00.0 VGA compatible controller \[0300\]: NVIDIA Corporation GA102 \[GeForce RTX 3090\] \[10de:2204\] (rev a1)  
Kernel modules: nvidiafb, nouveau  
01:00.1 Audio device \[0403\]: NVIDIA Corporation GA102 High Definition Audio Controller \[10de:1aef\] (rev a1)  
02:00.0 VGA compatible controller \[0300\]: NVIDIA Corporation GA102 \[GeForce RTX 3090\] \[10de:2204\] (rev a1)  
Kernel modules: nvidiafb, nouveau  
02:00.1 Audio device \[0403\]: NVIDIA Corporation GA102 High Definition Audio Controller \[10de:1aef\] (rev a1)

dmesg -T

…

>\[Wed Sep 6 10:25:32 2023\] virbr0: topology change detected, propagating  
\[Wed Sep 6 10:25:32 2023\] pcieport 0000:00:01.1: broken device, retraining non-functional downstream link at 2.5GT/s  
\[Wed Sep 6 10:25:33 2023\] pcieport 0000:00:01.1: retraining failed  
\[Wed Sep 6 10:25:33 2023\] vfio-pci 0000:01:00.0: not ready 1023ms after bus reset; waiting  
…  
\[Wed Sep 6 10:26:43 2023\] vfio-pci 0000:01:00.0: not ready 65535ms after bus reset; giving up  
\[Wed Sep 6 10:26:43 2023\] vfio-pci 0000:01:00.1: vfio\_bar\_restore: reset recovery - restoring BARs  
\[Wed Sep 6 10:26:43 2023\] vfio-pci 0000:01:00.0: vfio\_bar\_restore: reset recovery - restoring BARs  
\[Wed Sep 6 10:26:44 2023\] vfio-pci 0000:01:00.0: timed out waiting for pending transaction; performing function level reset anyway  
\[Wed Sep 6 10:26:45 2023\] pcieport 0000:00:01.1: broken device, retraining non-functional downstream link at 2.5GT/s  
\[Wed Sep 6 10:26:46 2023\] pcieport 0000:00:01.1: retraining failed  
\[Wed Sep 6 10:26:46 2023\] vfio-pci 0000:01:00.0: not ready 1023ms after FLR; waiting  
\[Wed Sep 6 10:26:47 2023\] vfio-pci 0000:01:00.0: not ready 2047ms after FLR; waiting  
\[Wed Sep 6 10:26:49 2023\] vfio-pci 0000:01:00.0: not ready 4095ms after FLR; waiting  
\[Wed Sep 6 10:26:54 2023\] vfio-pci 0000:01:00.0: not ready 8191ms after FLR; waiting  
\[Wed Sep 6 10:27:02 2023\] vfio-pci 0000:01:00.0: not ready 16383ms after FLR; waiting  
\[Wed Sep 6 10:27:19 2023\] vfio-pci 0000:01:00.0: not ready 32767ms after FLR; waiting  
\[Wed Sep 6 10:27:52 2023\] vfio-pci 0000:01:00.0: not ready 65535ms after FLR; giving up  
\[Wed Sep 6 10:28:58 2023\] vfio-pci 0000:01:00.0: vfio\_bar\_restore: reset recovery - restoring BARs  
\[Wed Sep 6 10:28:58 2023\] vfio-pci 0000:01:00.1: vfio\_bar\_restore: reset recovery - restoring BARs  
\[Wed Sep 6 10:29:23 2023\] vfio-pci 0000:01:00.0: vfio\_bar\_restore: reset recovery - restoring BARs  
\[Wed Sep 6 10:29:23 2023\] vfio-pci 0000:01:00.1: vfio\_bar\_restore: reset recovery - restoring BARs  
\[Wed Sep 6 10:29:34 2023\] vfio-pci 0000:01:00.0: vfio\_bar\_restore: reset recovery - restoring BARs

Any help would be appreciated!

Hi everyone,

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