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(If the Indo-Aryan Bengalis never existed or if the Bengalis never invaded/or settled in the region of Bengal and a Tibeto-Burman people instead built a civilization there from the Chalcolithic (Copper Age) existing till today, then what impacts could this have had?)

In general, how would this affect the Indian Subcontinent and the World in terms of cultures, languages, demographics, religions, economic developments, technological advancements, societies/social dynamics, geopolitics, international relations, cuisines, mythologies, warfare, music, art, architecture, demographics, histories, politics e.g. in terms of polities/states, borders, fashion, literature, agriculture, civilizations, science/innovation, numeral systems, coinage, calligraphy, borders, etc?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibeto-Burman_languages

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trail_of_Tears

If the Trail of Tears never happened; then what would happen in terms of history, cultures, religious affiliation, economics, demographics, literature like non-fiction and fiction, music, art, languages, social dynamics, politics, etc?

If an independent modern Lakota republic existed today, then how could this have affected history, cultures, demographics, politics, religion, economics, social dynamics, the media/literature like non-fiction and fiction, music, art like paintings, etc? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakota_religion

(could a movie like a black panther-style movie exist about this Native American country? maybe called something like the ''Great Red Spirit'' involving a semi-secretive and high-tech independent Lakotah republic that modernized like Japan in response to white American colonial expansion westwards)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Lakotah_proposal

If the Caste System in India never existed, then how could this have affected history, cultures, demographics, politics/geopolitics, technological advancements, international relations, borders, economic development, social dynamics, cuisines, art, etc?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caste_system_in_India

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Divergence

If the Great Divergence did not happen in history, then how could this have shaped history, demographics, politics, economics, borders, conflicts, religions, cultures, art including paintings/music/literature, social dynamics, etc??

The Mandela Effect is a staple in popular culture and pop psychology.

It's named for the South African Civil Rights Leader Nelson Mandela who people misremembered as having been stabbed while in Pollsmoor Prison in the 1980s.

So what if he did?

What if Nelson Mandela had been killed in Pollsmoor?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maraj%C3%B3

This isn't realistic at all so I am just doing this for fun. In any case, What if the Marajoara Culture formed into a state like a Kingdom or ''Queendom'' with rulers based on Matrilineal genealogy, ancestor worship and matrilocal households plus ceramics denoting social ranks, then an expansion of territory controlled by the Marajoara state came about to increase the influence/power of the Marajoara culture's elite class and managed to survive until the Portuguese arrived, fought them off with acquired European weaponry like guns, and later became a client state or vassal? Perhaps surviving into the 20th century or the present-day 21st century.

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https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marajoara_culture

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POD - The Manchu-led Qing Dynasty sweeps across the Mainland of China and the Ming loyalists remaining flee China with a Ming Dynasty Pretender Emperor to the Philippines away from China instead of Taiwan so that they can further away from the potential reach of the Qing Dynasty who are still consolidating their hold on the mainland and may invade/conquer Taiwan if they settled there. So they settle in the Philippines and establish alliances with various Barangay polities and intermarry with local Filipinos too there attempting to create a new Ming Dynastic Empire.

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What if the Ming Loyalists fled to the northern Philippines and built a colony there as a Ming Rump State instead of going to Taiwan? What would have happened in history and in terms of demographics, cultures, religion, socioeconomic development, geopolitics, borders, languages, etc?

Point Of Departure - Japan buys the islands of the Philippines from Spain in the year 1894 at a price of 40 million pounds sterling and Japan quickly seizes the opportunity to move in and consolidate it's rule as the new imperial master of the Philippines.

How would this have affected history, cultures, languages, religion and demographics generally, politics/geopolitics/international relations, the World Wars, the Spanish-American War, the ideological movement of Pan-Asianism, economic development, social dynamics, etc?

(or What if the Philippines was bought for 3 million US dollars in 1896?)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semitic_languages

How would this have affected history, politics/geopolitics, languages, demographics, cultures, religions, technological developments, borders, fashion, cuisines, art including literature/dance/paintings and music, social dynamics, the media (later on in history), ceramics, mythologies & legends/folktales, writing systems, economics, numeral systems, architecture, philosophy, legal systems, etc??

I presume that the Amazigh (Berber) Languages would be more widespread of course across North Africa and Egyptian civilization would still exist as it spoke a Non-Semitic language. Anyways, Arabs, Canaanites, Akkadians, Assyrians, Suteans, speakers of Old South Arabian languages/South Arabian civilizations like Saba, Babylonians, Phoenicians, Jewish people, Arameans, etc. would not exist which has huge implications for history since the Akkadian Empire would not exist and the Abrahamic religions would not exist at all and Carthage for example would never have been created. So we might have seen a larger and more powerful Numidia. I also assume that Sumer, for instance, would be confronted by people from the Zagros Mountains or by another group of Afroasiatic people such as a Cushitic state (imagine a Cushitic version of the Akkadian Empire) which brings me to another point, i.e. that the Arabian Peninsula would likely be inhabited by Cushitic ethnic groups and some Omotic people so the Horn of Africa could be dominated by Nilo-Saharan speaking Peoples and some Niger-Congo-speaking ethnicities instead. Since a state society like Aksum would not have been created, I think a Nilo-Saharan civilization would have taken it's place in Ethiopia and modern-day Yemen. Also, Chadic Languages such as Hausa would likely have proliferated all over the Sahel perhaps containing the expansion of some* Nilo-Saharan speakers too. In addition, the Hittites, Elamites, Egyptians, Hurrian kingdoms like Mitanni, Mycenaean Greeks, Sumerians, Urartians, and others would interact with the Cushitic peoples of the Levant in the Bronze Age and perhaps in the future Cushitic Religions might have become quite influential like the Semitic Abrahamic religions did OR on the other hand, maybe Amazigh Religion (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Berber_religion ) or alternate Berber Religions might have thrived more and perhaps absorbed some influence from the Iberians, Greece, Nilo-Saharan speaking peoples and Cushitic civilizations (or not, they could have dominated the religious landscape of Iberia and North Africa with an influential Amazigh Empire replicating what the Early Muslim Conquests did with an Islam-like Monotheistic Berber Religion that say worshipped the Sun or stars in general.....). Alternatively, the Berber pantheon could have been consolidated and further institutionalized by an alternate Amazigh Prophet into a more cohesive and significant Polytheistic Amazigh faith (thus unifying all Amazigh peoples in North Africa at least) with possibly a holy book similar to the Quran and Bible in our timeline and become a major ''Axial Age'' religion in the 8th century BCE to 3rd century BCE. (Honestly, a codified Polytheistic Amazigh Religion that thrived and spread widely would be more interesting in my opinion than a Monotheistic one.) If an alternate Star worshipping or sun-worshipping Amazigh religion was predominant then this would help theologians and students of religion, in general, to better understand Astrotheology and in the far future, in the modern-day (21st century) of this alternate timeline, an ''Amazigh Union of Cooperation'' would exist instead of the currently-dormant Arab Maghreb Union in an Alternate Northwest Africa which would serve as a Supranational Berber political and economic union with a common market. The Iberian Peninsula might have been an integral part of the ''Amazigh World'' if it was successfully settled and conquered by Amazigh People(s) and be part of this Amazigh Union of Cooperation (or ''Greater Imazighen Union'').

Somalis and Oromo people may have replaced Arabs in various ways e.g. the Hindu-Arab numerals wouldn't exist, instead ''Hindu-Somali numerals'' may exist instead and Somali Mathematics would take over. A monotheistic Cushitic religion like the Oromo ethnic religion of Waaqeffana based on worshipping the Sky Deity ''Waaq'' (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waaq) who was associated in Somali mythology with fertility, sacred trees, animals, nature, peace, harmony, and water/rain instead of the Semitic Allah could take over this alternate Arabian Peninsula. A Cushitic prophet may exist similar to the Prophet Muhammad or Abraham, I believe this is quite possible since the Cushitic ethnic groups seem more likely to create a monotheistic world religion in some ways than the Amazigh peoples. And in terms of Skin Colour, the Cushitic ethnic groups in an alternate Arabia would have lighter skin tones than in our timeline (OTL) I imagine but then again I could be wrong. Just a brief tangent, but ''Amazighification'' would be an important force in driving cultural assimilation and social integration including language shift like Arabization was in North Africa in this alternate history timeline. I think a strong Beja Kingdom would emerge also at some point in the Arabian Peninsula (or ''Cushitic Peninsula''? or ''Oromo Peninsula''?) and fascinating Nilotic states would emerge in the Horn of Africa most likely influenced by Egypt. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nilotic_peoples

Furthermore, if an expansionist Amazigh Empire emerged with a Monotheistic Berber religion or a codified Polytheistic Amazigh Religion then I think it would have invaded the Iberian Peninsula, Egypt and the Levant plus spread the religion downwards in the Sahara converting the Nilo-Saharan Peoples there and speakers of Chadic Languages. Moreover, some Amazigh People might actually migrate to the Arabian Peninsula as well in the late Chalcolithic (late Copper Age) or Early Bronze Age. In general, the Amazigh Peoples and Cushitic ethnic groups plus their languages would be more Populous changing all of history as we know it in the process. An Amazigh gunpowder empire could exist in this timeline and also Zoroastrianism would thrive in a world without Islam and Christianity I believe so Iran and Central Asia would be Zoroastrian for example, maybe Armenia and Georgia would be Zoroastrian too or the Caucasus would be a mixture of Roman pagans and Zoroastrians. So we could have seen Zoroastrianism become a massive global religion like Islam and Christianity in our timeline with Afghanistan and Türkiye (Turkey) being possibly Zoroastrian or Buddhist (or a combination of both). It's also possible that the Turkey of this timeline might remain Tengrist but absorb more influence from Buddhism and Zoroastrianism plus maybe from Waaqeffana and Roman Paganism too. Also, there might be more Buddhists in South Asia and more Zoroastrians in the Indian Subcontinent as well as more of them in Southeast Asia. And there would be more Hindus in Southeast Asia as well. If European Colonization still happens then Roman Paganism would be the largest religion in the world followed by Zoroastrianism, an Amazigh religion (most likely a Polytheistic Amazigh religion), and Buddhism.

Lastly, what do you guys think might have happened?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semitic_languages#Semitic-speaking_peoples

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nilo-Saharan_languages

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maghreb

Honestly, someone or a game company should make a game like an RPG about this idea.

How would this have affected history, politics and economics?

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_school_of_economics

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Meyer_(political_philosopher)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist_Party_USA

So if he stayed as a member of the Communist Party USA and never created the political philosophical theory of fusionism, then how could this have affected history, American politics in general specifically what would conservatism in the U.S. be like without fusionism and what could American left-wing politics look like if he remained a Communist?

What if the Aztec Script was still used today? What if instead of wiping it out, colonial ecclesiastical and governmental authorities strengthened the use of the Aztec script and spread it all over Mesoamerica or even over all of New Spain alongside Spanish using the Latin alphabet (of course)? And what if they maintained the Old Library of Texcoco to better understand the past and to help them rule over Mesoamerica easier perhaps?

How could this have affected history, demographics, culture(s), linguistics, etc?

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aztec_script

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Spain

In the Apple Plus series, For all Mankind, thanks to space colonization efforts humanity has developed advance fusion technology that has allowed them to transition global energy production from fossil fuels to nuclear. On the plus side this has reduced global warming and increased space exploration. On the downside a lot of people who worked in the fossil fuels industry are now unemployed and instability has increased in the Middle East (United States does not intervene against Iraq's invasion of Kuwait, Saudi Arabia has fallen into civil war).

In fairness a lot of countries dependent on oil exports like Nigeria, and Mexico were undergoing some instability due to the oil glut of the 1980s. However I still think that this glosses over the fact that a lot of everyday items that are made from petroleum and natural gas like toothpaste, tires, plastics and antifreeze. Bottomline, even if global energy does shift from fossil fuels to nuclear I don't think it will be the end of the petroleum industry.

In any case, what if global energy production really did transition from fossil fuels to nuclear fusion in the late 80s/early 90s? How would this affect world history and the world today?

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How would this affect history, demographics, socioeconomic development, politics, cultures/borders, international relations, and geopolitics?

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himyarite_Kingdom#Jewish_period

What if Brazil became the Factory of the Americas after the Second World War?

And it had the number one best Advanced Industrial Sector in the Americas.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industry_in_Brazil

How could this have affected socio-economic development, politics, international relations and geopolitics?

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(French Mandate of Palestine) How would this affect history, demographics, socioeconomic development, politics, cultures/borders, international relations, and geopolitics?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine

If the International Clearing Union as a Mutual Credit System and Bancor Proposal succeeded, then how could politics, geopolitics and economics/economic development be affected?

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Clearing_Union / https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bancor

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_League_(1815%E2%80%931820)

If the Federal League survived, then how could history, demographics, economic development, social dynamics, religion, cultures, geopolitics/politics, etc

From Wikipedia: Scholars differ on how best to translate the proverb from Sumerian. According to Gordon's translation, the proverb reads: "A dog, having entered an inn, did not see anything, (and so he said): 'Shall I open this (door)?'"The Assyriologist Seraina Nett provides a slightly different translation, suggesting that the proverb be read as "A dog entered into a tavern and said, 'I cannot see anything. I shall open this', or 'this one'".Scholars differ on how best to translate the proverb from Sumerian. According to Gordon's translation, the proverb reads: "A dog, having entered an inn, did not see anything, (and so he said): 'Shall I open this (door)?'" The Assyriologist Seraina Nett provides a slightly different translation, suggesting that the proverb be read as "A dog entered into a tavern and said, 'I cannot see anything. I shall open this', or 'this one."

When I posted it in December '23, it blocked the post. I redacted what I thought might be the issue.

Solution: The joke is from the ****** ***** (priests) making *** of the ***** for being *************. Instead of the "***" (slur for ******** in ancient cultures) opening it's ***** ***, it ******. Because the "***" (lower ****) is spiritually *****, it spends its life at the ***.

1. Ruling

2. Class

3. Fun

4. Ruled

5. Un-enlightened

6. Dog

7. Non-holy

8. Third

9. Eye

10. Drinks

11. Dog

12. Class

13. Blind

14. Bar

If goats and sheep never existed, then how could history, cultures, demographics, textile production, religion, cuisine, etc be different?

How would the absence of chickens and dogs affect human history, cuisine, travel, hunting, cultures, religion, languages (if at all), etc?

How would this affect cultures, histories, religions, human history, health, etc?

What if Camels specifically just never existed? How would this have affected history, cultures, politics, other animals, transport, etc?

If cows never existed, how would this impact human history, diets, cultures, religion, politics, etc??

(Also what if Bovines in general never existed? so no cows, no buffalo, etc)