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30th of November 1524. Martin Luther writes to George Spalatin: "according to my present frame of mind I have no intention of marrying, not that I am insensible to the emotions of the flesh, being neither wood nor stone, but because I have no desire to, and daily expect to die a heretic's death."

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23rd of November 1524. Pacification of Frisia (Friesland), which submits to Charles V.

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16th of November 1524. Scotland: The regency of John, the duke of Albany, ends on his failure to return and reclaim power from Queen Margaret, the mother of James V.

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15th of November 1524. The Treaty of Tordesillas is signed between representatives of Honoré I, Lord of Monaco and of King Charles of Spain, and places Monaco under the protection of Spain.

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14th of November 1524. First expedition for the conquest of Peru: Conquistador Francisco Pizarro leaves Panama, sails down the Pacific coast of South America (Second expedition in 1526).

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1st of November 1524. John Fleming, 2nd Lord Fleming, Lord Chancellor of Scotland since 1517, is assassinated by John Tweedie of Drummelzier (chief of Clan Tweedie) and others.

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28th of October 1524. A French army invading Italy, under King Francis, besieges Pavia, months before the Battle of Pavia.

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26th of October 1524. Italian campaign of 1524–1525: The Spanish surrender Milan to the French. The French lay siege to Pavia and detach 6,000 men against Naples.

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26th of October 1524. Spanish troops give Milan to France.

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20th of October 1524. Death in London, England, of Thomas Linacre, English physician instrumental in the founding of the Royal College of Physicians.

15th of October 1524. Hernán Cortés writes a letter to the Emperor Charles V, outlining expeditions led by others to regions of Mexico, Hibueras (now Honduras), and Guatemala. He asks that Franciscan and Dominican friars be sent to Mexico.

12th of October 1524. Hernán Cortés, unaware of Cristóbal de Olid's death, mounts a punitive expedition to Honduras. He is succeeded as Governor of New Spain by a triumvirate.

9th of October 1524. Martin Luther gives up his existence as a monk of the Augustinian Hermits. Luther appears in public for the first time in secular clothing. He introduces the black cassock for the preacher.

[5th of October 1524] Flemish Renaissance painter Joachim Patinir dies.

2nd of October, 1524. German Peasants' War: The farmers in western Hegau joined forces and marched through the country. At the “Hilzinger Kirchweih”, a traditional harvest festival, about 800 farmers from the western Hegau joined together to form a “Confederation”.

October 1524. German Protestant princes, led by Frederick III, Elector of Saxony, and Philip, landgrave of Hesse, met at Ulm in Baden-Württemberg to plan a campaign against Emperor Charles V.

29th of September 1524. Habsburg forces are forced to withdraw from Provence, where they had been unsuccessfully besieging Marseilles. When the French army commanded by Francis himself arrives at Avignon at the end of September 1524, they are forced to retreat back to Italy.

28th of September 1524. End of the siege of Marseilles. Failure of the Imperials under the Constable of Bourbon before Marseilles inflicted by Admiral Doria.

Battle between Tahmasp I and Ubayd Allah Khan on 24 September 1524, folio from "Kholassat ot-Tavarikh" by Ahmad Monshi Ghomi.

23rd of September 1524. The "Bundesbrief" is adopted by the members of the Three Leagues of Switzerland (the League of God's House, the League of the Ten Jurisdictions, and the Grey League) as a common constitution.

18th of September 1524. Death of Charlotte of Valois, French princess, aged seven.

17th of September 1524. Caspar Tauber is the first Protestant in Austria to be executed for heresy, in Erdberg near Vienna. He was beheaded and his body was cremated - as was customary for alleged heretics - and his ashes were scattered in the Danube.

14th of September 1524. Formation of the Theatines, or Congregation of Clerics Regular by Archbishop Gian Pietro Carafa.

13th of September 1524. Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro, Hernando de Luque and Diego de Almagro all set off on the first of three expeditions to conquer Peru, taking along 80 men and 40 horses, but the venture is halted in Colombia.

7th of September 1524. The Spanish declare war on the Kaqchikel Maya people, Chimaltenango, Guatemala.

5th of September 1524. Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama arrives on the island of Goa to become the new Viceroy of Portuguese India but dies three months later.

1st of September 1524. The Treaty of Malmö officially ends the Swedish War of Liberation (1521–1523), ending the Kalmar Union between Denmark, Norway, and Sweden by acknowledging the independent status of Sweden and forming the union of Denmark-Norway.

September 1524. Desiderius Erasmus – "De libero arbitrio diatribe sive collatio" ("The Freedom of the Will"; Antwerp) published.

September 1524. Henry VIII is unable to raise funds for attack on France.

24th of August 1524. Hans Müller gathers peasants in Stühlingen, pledging to emancipate peasants across Germany. This would help spark the German Peasants' War.

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500 Years Ago