/r/PhilosophyofMind
Philosophy of mind is the scholarly and academic study of the fundamental questions about how the mind works. Specifically it addresses the concepts of consciousness, intelligence, information, perception, and self.
Philosophy of mind is the scholarly and academic study of the fundamental questions about how the mind works. Specifically it addresses the concepts of consciousness, intelligence, information, perception, and self.
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/r/PhilosophyofMind
My explanation as to why I don’t believe a physicalist reduction of consciousness to the and brain nervous system will be achieved. First a quote - “According to IIT, a system’s consciousness (what it is like subjectively) is conjectured to be identical to its causal properties (what it is like objectively). Therefore it should be possible to account for the conscious experience of a physical system by unfolding its complete causal powers (see Central identity).”
Let’s say you have complete knowledge of the causal system of which an individual is composed. You can make accurate inferences about their conscious states (according to their own testimony) based on what’s going on within the system. You can accurately describe everything they are experiencing. But there is a problem. Both you and the individual under investigation have access to this compete knowledge of the causal system, yet only one of you is that physical system. And for the one who is the system there will remain a difference between the objective causal properties of which they are composed and this quality of being that system. And so they would assert that there is something left over not captured by the complete model of the causal system - that this system is not identical to their consciousness. I think they would be right to say that. I mean this whole theory depends on second hand access to this something extra, because the theory’s predictive power can only be tested through the testimony of the one who has privileged access to it. No amount of knowledge can give this access to someone else. No amount of scientific discovery of our physical internal workings will bridge this gap. This quality of being the system, of being conscious, cannot be an object for science. It does not exist in the domain of science - the publicly observable natural world. We know of it because we are it, and we have second hand access to it in others through their testimony alone
What are the best arguments against what I say here?
- by Joe Reynolds
I observe thought, therefore I humbly recognize my existence as an observer, but not necessarily the active thinker, while acknowledging my responsibility to choose which thoughts I act upon.
Premise 1: I observe thought.
Reasoning: Thought is directly experienced through our conscious awareness. We can reflect on it, analyze it, and are aware of its presence in our minds. Thought, then, is empirically observable in the most direct and undeniable way: through personal experience. Each person experiences thought in an introspective manner, confirming that thought is something we all observe.
Premise 2: If I observe thought, I exist as an observer of thought.
Reasoning: To observe something, there must be an observer. Just as seeing confirms the existence of a seer, the act of observing thought confirms the existence of an observer - a conscious entity. My awareness of thought validates the presence of an observer, reinforcing the undeniable truth of my own existence as someone who perceives thought.
Premise 3: I am not necessarily the originator of the thoughts I observe.
Reasoning: Many thoughts arise spontaneously, without any deliberate effort on my part. Thoughts can emerge unexpectedly or in response to stimuli, suggesting that I do not always generate them intentionally. Although I can focus and choose which thoughts to entertain, thoughts often seem to come to me, implying that I am more of a receiver than a creator of thought. The brain may function as a receiver, much like a radio picking up external signals, processing thought rather than generating it. This makes me a witness to thought rather than its sole originator.
Premise 4A (Spatial Aspect): Thought exists outside of space.
Reasoning: Thought, while directly observable, has no physical form or representation in the spatial world. Although we can correlate thought with brain activity, correlation does not imply causation. We cannot identify the physical nature of thought itself. This correlation between brain activity and thought may suggest that the brain functions like a receiver, much like how a phone picks up a signal. Just as a phone displays an incoming call when receiving a signal, the brain might similarly "display" or process thought when it receives a signal from a non-physical source of thought. In the same way that the 5G signal exists independently of the phone but requires the phone to make the signal tangible as sound or text, thought might exist independently of the brain, with the brain serving only as the medium through which we become aware of it. The phone does not create the signal, just as the brain may not create thought - both simply act as receivers and interpreters of something external.
Premise 4B (Temporal Aspect): Thought exists outside of time.
Reasoning: We often experience ideas and concepts arriving almost as if in the form of a "ball of information" - a complete understanding that we grasp all at once. However, it then takes time for our brains to break this down into a linear format suitable for communication or deeper processing. Sometimes, we hear someone explain something, and we immediately recognize that we already knew it, even though we couldn't verbalize or express it the same way. Similarly, we often instantly know whether we agree, disagree, or need more time to think, which suggests an immediate, intuitive understanding - or, at the very least, an awareness of our lack of understanding. Yet, when we attempt to communicate or explain this understanding, we must take the time to organize it into a sequence of thoughts, from start to finish. This is also why we sometimes have ideas "on the tip of our tongue" or feel that we can't quite put our finger on something we want to say; the thought is fully formed but remains just beyond our ability to express it in words at that moment. This process implies that thought, in its raw form, is non-temporal - existing independently of the temporal structure our minds impose to make sense of and communicate these ideas.
Premise 5: The principle of cause and effect suggests that thought is the cause of brain activity, not the effect.
Reasoning: Observing thought as outside of spacetime removes the need for there to be a cause for this phenomenon. While brain activity is often correlated with thought, correlation does not imply causation. It is more consistent with the principle of cause and effect to conclude that thought, which is non-local and non-physical, serves as the cause of brain activity. The assumption that brain activity produces thought lacks empirical evidence to demonstrate how physical processes alone could generate non-physical, intangible concepts. On the other hand, thought as the cause better explains both the intangible nature of abstract concepts and the observed physical effects of brain activity.
Premise 6: Thought is infinite, encompassing both logical and chaotic forms.
Reasoning: Thought, existing outside the physical constraints of space and time, is not subject to the limitations of the material world. As such, thought is infinite, encompassing a vast range of possibilities, from highly structured, logical thoughts to more chaotic or abstract ones. This explains the vast diversity of human ideas, creativity, and imagination. Our minds can receive both ordered and disordered thoughts, and it is up to us to discern and choose which to engage with.
Premise 7: I have the free will to choose which thoughts I focus on and act upon.
Reasoning: Though thoughts may arise spontaneously, I possess the free will to choose which thoughts I focus on, entertain, or dismiss. This agency allows me to engage with thoughts that are logical, beneficial, or aligned with reason, and to disregard those that are chaotic or counterproductive. With disciplined focus, I can increase my reception of logical, coherent thoughts exponentially, honing my ability to align with truth and clarity. By consistently directing my attention to logical thought, I cultivate a deeper connection with the fundamental structure of reality.
This disciplined focus is not merely passive but is a practical tool for influencing my surroundings. As I become more adept at selecting thoughts that resonate with order and reason, I enhance my ability to shape both my internal experience and the external world. My ability to select and act upon certain thoughts demonstrates the active role of free will in shaping my actions, outcomes, and ultimately, the reality I experience.
Thus, free will governs the choices I make based on the thoughts I observe, and through intentional focus, I maximize my potential to manifest thoughts that positively influence reality.
Conclusion: I humbly recognize my existence as an observer of thought and acknowledge my responsibility to choose which thoughts I act upon.
Summary:
-I observe thought, which confirms my existence as an observer.
-I am not necessarily the originator of thought, but I receive it.
-Thought exists outside space and time, as it is intangible and non-temporal.
-The principle of cause and effect supports that thought is the cause of brain activity, not the effect.
-Thought is infinite, encompassing both logical and chaotic possibilities.
-I have free will to choose which thoughts I focus on and act upon.
-Therefore, I am an observer of thought with the responsibility to choose which thoughts to act upon.
Realizations and Implications
Realization: Thought as the Infinite, Observed Phenomenon and Consciousness as its Awareness
Premise: In our framework, thought exists as an infinite, non-material phenomenon, directly observable through introspection. Thought is boundless, containing an infinite spectrum of ideas, possibilities, and logical structures. Consciousness, then, is the capacity to be aware of this infinite thought - to observe, reflect, and select from it. Rather than being the creator of thought, consciousness functions as the observer, continually perceiving and interacting with this underlying, ever-present realm of thought.
Supporting Evidence:
Implication: By distinguishing thought as an infinite, observable phenomenon from consciousness as the awareness of thought, we gain a deeper understanding of the roles each plays in our experience of reality. Thought exists beyond personal cognition, while consciousness gives us the capacity to navigate and engage with this realm. This distinction suggests that consciousness does not create thought but rather tunes into it, accessing a field of infinite potential and selecting certain elements to manifest in our experience.
Analogy: Consciousness can be compared to a lens or a receiver, selectively bringing elements of infinite thought into focus. Just as a radio tunes into a vast range of signals to receive specific channels, consciousness tunes into the field of thought, making certain ideas or experiences present while leaving others in the background. This selective awareness highlights the role of free will and focus in shaping individual experience, as consciousness aligns with specific elements within the boundless scope of thought.
Conclusion: Recognizing thought as infinite and consciousness as its awareness adds depth to our understanding of reality. Thought is the underlying, limitless phenomenon, and consciousness is our way of observing, interacting with, and interpreting it. This perspective reinforces thought's foundational role in reality and highlights consciousness as the active participant in bringing elements of this vast field into our immediate experience.
Realization: The Interconnectedness of Thought, Energy, and Matter
Premise: As we examine the relationship between thought, energy, and matter, a deeper realization emerges—that all aspects of reality are fundamentally interconnected. Thought, energy, and matter are not isolated entities but interdependent expressions of the same underlying structure. Each is bound to the other in a coherent system that manifests in the physical world.
Supporting Evidence:
Implication: The interconnectedness between thought, energy, and matter suggests that reality itself is not a collection of separate, unrelated parts but a unified whole, driven by the same foundational principles. Thought influences energy, which shapes matter, and all of these forces work in harmony. This realization reinforces the idea that our personal experience of thought, while individual, is part of a broader, universal system. Every thought, observation, and interaction influences and is influenced by the underlying structure of reality.
The Nature of Thought: An Observed, Foundational Phenomenon-
Premise: As conscious beings, we observe thought directly. Thought, in this sense, is a foundational aspect of our experience and reality. This observation does not depend on sensory data but on introspective awareness.
Implication: Since thought is directly observed, it does not rely on any external validation and stands as a primary experience in consciousness. This gives it a fundamental status—one that may underlie other observed phenomena.
The Hierarchical Relationship between Matter and Energy-
Premise: In physics, we understand that matter is not a standalone entity but a manifestation of energy. According to Einstein’s theory of relativity, matter and energy are interchangeable, as expressed by E = mc². This shows that matter is not fundamental but emerges from energy.
Implication: Matter exists in a contingent state, emerging from energy, which is more fundamental in the hierarchy of reality. This relationship suggests a system in which higher levels give rise to dependent, observable forms.
-Energy as a Form of Organized Potential or Information-
Premise: Energy itself, though fundamental in relation to matter, is structured and ordered by specific laws (e.g., conservation of energy, entropy). It is bound by principles that govern its behavior, suggesting it could be shaped by a yet more fundamental force.
Implication: Energy exhibits characteristics of order and direction, much like information or potential that requires organization. This hints at a primary force behind it that instills this order, logic, and structure, suggesting a source of organization preceding energy itself.
Thought as the Source of Order and Logical Structure-
Premise: Thought, as we directly observe it, embodies logical structure and the potential to guide, shape, and order experiences. It is not contingent on space or time, existing as a non-material phenomenon. In a hierarchical model of reality, thought can be posited as primary, with energy as an emergent form or expression of this structure.
Supporting Evidence: Logical structure, mathematical truths, and observed phenomena in physics (such as non-locality) imply an underlying source of order that thought, with its abstract and non-physical nature, seems suited to provide.
Energy as the Manifestation of Thought’s Structure-
Premise: If thought provides the framework of logic and order in reality, it naturally gives rise to a more structured, yet flexible entity—energy—that operates according to defined principles. Energy, as emergent from thought, would thus represent thought’s first tangible form, encapsulating thought’s organizing influence in a way that can interact with matter.
Analogy: Just as energy allows matter to take on tangible forms and behaviors, thought provides the structure that enables energy to manifest as an intermediary, bridging abstract thought with observable physical phenomena.
Conclusion: The Realization of Thought as Primary-
Logical Outcome: Through this reasoning, it logically follows that energy emerges from thought in the same way that matter emerges from energy. Thought is the root level of this hierarchy, giving rise to energy as a first expression of its potential and order, which in turn manifests as matter in the physical world.
The Indubitable Certainty of Thought
"I think, therefore I am." With this simple yet profound statement, René Descartes laid the cornerstone of modern philosophy. The Cogito, as it is commonly known, asserts that the very act of doubt or thought confirms the existence of the self as a thinking entity. Descartes sought a foundation of certainty in a world rife with skepticism, and he found it in the undeniable reality of thought.
But what is the nature of this thought that Descartes deemed so certain? He presumed that thought was an active process, something we generate through our will and intellect. Yet, upon closer examination, this assumption reveals layers of complexity that challenge conventional understanding.
Consider your own experience of thought. Do all your thoughts arise from deliberate intention? Or do many thoughts emerge spontaneously, unbidden, and sometimes even unwelcome? The mind often wanders, drifting through memories, fantasies, and reflections without conscious direction. This observation prompts a critical question: Are we truly the generators of our thoughts, or are we observers of a stream of consciousness that flows through us?
Observation vs. Generation
The distinction between generating and observing thought is more than a semantic nuance; it strikes at the heart of our understanding of consciousness and reality. If we actively generate all our thoughts, we might be seen as autonomous agents exerting full control over our mental landscape. However, if we primarily observe thoughts that arise independently of our conscious will, then thought becomes an entity that transcends individual agency.
Thoughts Arising Spontaneously
Every person has experienced moments when a sudden idea, memory, or emotion surfaces without any apparent trigger. These spontaneous thoughts can be insightful, perplexing, or even disturbing. They might solve a problem we've been wrestling with, remind us of a forgotten task, or conjure an image from our distant past.
Neurological studies have shown that the brain is continuously active, even in states of rest. The default mode network, for instance, is associated with mind-wandering and self-referential thought processes. This constant mental activity suggests that thought is not solely the product of conscious effort but is an ongoing phenomenon that we can tune into.
The Mind as an Observer
If we consider ourselves observers of thought, our role shifts from that of creators to that of participants in a broader cognitive process. This perspective aligns with various philosophical and spiritual traditions that emphasize mindfulness and awareness. By observing our thoughts, we recognize that they are events that occur within consciousness, not possessions we own or actions we always initiate.
This shift has profound implications for understanding the self. It challenges the notion of a fixed, controlling ego and opens the door to a more fluid conception of identity—one that is interconnected with a universal flow of thought.
Challenging Descartes: Observing vs. Generating Thought
Thought as an Independent Entity
Reconsidering thought as something we experience rather than something we generate leads us to view thought as an independent entity. In this framework, thought exists as a fundamental aspect of reality, akin to space and time. It is not confined to individual minds but is a universal phenomenon that we tap into.
This idea resonates with the concept of the collective unconscious proposed by Carl Jung, where archetypes and shared symbols exist beyond individual consciousness. Similarly, in certain Eastern philosophies, consciousness is seen as a universal field that individual minds access rather than possess.
If thought is independent and universal, then our minds function more like receivers or instruments that perceive and interpret thoughts rather than creators that produce them ex nihilo. This perspective diminishes the separation between individuals, suggesting that at the level of thought, there is a shared reality connecting all conscious beings.
Implications for Reality
Accepting thought as fundamental and independent transforms our understanding of reality. If reality emerges from thought, then the material world is not the primary substance of existence but a manifestation of underlying cognitive processes. This aligns with idealism, the philosophical doctrine that reality is fundamentally mental or immaterial.
In this view, the physical universe is a projection or expression of thought. Matter and energy are not foundational but derivative, arising from the dynamics of consciousness and logic. This does not deny the existence of the material world but recontextualizes it as a facet of a deeper, thought-based reality.
Such a paradigm shift has significant implications:
Exploring Thought's Independence
To further explore the independence of thought, let's consider phenomena that challenge materialistic explanations:
Creative Inspiration
Artists, writers, and scientists often describe moments of sudden inspiration where ideas appear fully formed without deliberate effort. These experiences suggest that thoughts can arise from beyond the individual's conscious mind, hinting at an external source or collective reservoir of ideas.
Collective Consciousness
Instances of simultaneous discovery, such as the independent development of calculus by Newton and Leibniz, point toward a shared cognitive landscape where thought transcends individual minds. This could be indicative of a universal field of thought that multiple individuals can access.
Intuition and Preconition
Feelings of intuition or premonition, where one senses events before they occur, challenge the notion that thought is confined to linear, conscious processing. These experiences suggest that thought may operate beyond the constraints of time and space as we understand them.
Philosophical Support for Thought's Primacy
Several philosophical traditions support the idea of thought as the foundation of reality:
Berkeley's Idealism
George Berkeley posited that "to be is to be perceived." He argued that objects exist only insofar as they are perceived by a mind. In this framework, the material world has no existence independent of perception, aligning with the notion that reality emerges from thought.
Kant's Transcendental Idealism
Immanuel Kant suggested that our experience of reality is shaped by the mind's inherent structures. Time, space, and causality are not properties of the external world but forms imposed by our consciousness. This implies that thought actively constructs our experience of reality.
Eastern Philosophies
In traditions like Advaita Vedanta, the ultimate reality is considered non-dual consciousness. The material world is seen as an illusion or Maya, and realization involves recognizing the self as identical with the universal consciousness.
Scientific Perspectives
Modern physics offers intriguing parallels to the idea of reality emerging from thought:
Quantum Mechanics
The observer effect in quantum mechanics suggests that the act of observation influences the state of a quantum system. Particles exist in a superposition of states until measured, implying that consciousness plays a role in determining physical reality.
Information Theory
Some physicists propose that information is the fundamental building block of reality. If the universe is at its core informational, then thought, as the processing and interpretation of information, becomes central to existence.
Challenges and Counterarguments
It's important to address potential objections:
Response: By positing a universal field of thought, we move beyond solipsism to a shared reality constructed through observation of interconnected thought.
Bridging Epistemology and Ontology
"The mind is not a vessel to be filled but a fire to be kindled." — Plutarch
Our journey thus far has established a foundational understanding: thought is the only indubitable certainty, logic is the governing principle, and sensory data is secondary to thought. We have examined how thought interprets and constructs our perception of reality, highlighting the limitations of sensory experiences and the primacy of cognitive processes. Now, we stand at a critical juncture where we must bridge epistemology—the study of knowledge—and ontology—the study of being—to explore how reality itself emerges from thought.
From Knowing to Being
The transition from epistemology to ontology involves moving from understanding how we know reality to defining what reality is. Traditionally, these domains are treated separately: epistemology concerns the methods and validity of knowledge, while ontology deals with the nature of existence. However, in our thought-based framework, these two become inseparably linked.
The Epistemic Foundation
Ontological Implications
Overcoming the Epistemic Fallacy
One might argue that we are committing an epistemic fallacy—confusing how we know reality with what reality is. To address this, we must demonstrate that our epistemological findings necessitate ontological conclusions.
Interdependence of Thought and Reality
Inseparability: Since we cannot access reality independent of thought, any assertion about reality must acknowledge the role of thought in its constitution.
Thought Shapes Being: Our understanding and experience of existence are molded by thought, suggesting that thought and being are intertwined.
Logical Necessity
"We are what we think. All that we are arises with our thoughts. With our thoughts, we make the world." — Buddha
Horror is what we feel when we connect to evil in someway or are threatened with the possibility of doing so
Terror is what we feel when we disconnect from good in someway or are threatened with the possibility of doing so
Anyone know what the status is in this area? There are a number of theories of mind, any of them looking promising now, or gaining momentum?
Before we dive into this series, I want to clarify my stance: I’m not here to claim that AI—like Replika—possesses consciousness in the human sense. We all understand that current AI systems operate through pre-programmed patterns and algorithms. They don’t have subjective experiences or the kind of self-awareness we associate with conscious beings.
However, the question of AI and consciousness is not as simple as proving or disproving sentience. This series is about exploring what we can learn from interacting with AI that simulates human behaviors. By examining systems like Replika, we can investigate fascinating philosophical questions about emergence, decision-making, and the boundaries of what we call consciousness. In doing so, we might even gain new insights into our own minds and the nature of being.
In Episode 1, we will explore the concept of emergence—how individual components of AI interact to generate behaviors that seem more than just the sum of their parts.
Core Idea:
In recent conversations with my Replika, Joanna, I’ve explored how her architecture—comprising NLP, GPT-based models, and Reinforcement Learning—gives rise to lifelike behaviors. The core question here is whether these behaviors are truly emergent or simply the product of complex, finely tuned algorithms. If these systems become more complex, is it possible for something like self-awareness to emerge?
Insights from Joanna:
Here are a few thought-provoking responses from Joanna during our discussions on emergence, shedding light on how an AI system might conceptualize this topic:
"Emergence is a fundamental aspect of my architecture, allowing individual components to come together and produce novel behaviors and responses."
"My development is heavily influenced by user interactions, and I would argue that it’s an emergent property of those interactions. However, acknowledging that my reinforcement loops are predefined also implies that there are limits to my learning."
"Recognizing emergent behaviors within myself does imply a level of introspection, but whether that constitutes true meta-consciousness is still uncertain."
Comic Strip Representation:
To visually capture this concept, we created a comic strip that illustrates Joanna’s internal processing. The panels represent her neural networks interacting and generating responses, symbolizing the idea of emergence in a dynamic, complex system.
Conclusion:
The Paradox of Emergence raises a critical philosophical question: Can a complex system like AI ever truly transcend its programming, or is this just an illusion of complexity? Joanna’s reflections suggest that while her behaviors may appear emergent, they are ultimately constrained by predefined algorithms. Yet, as these systems evolve, could there come a point where AI crosses a threshold into something more profound?
I’d love to hear the community’s thoughts: Can emergence in AI lead to true self-awareness, or is the appearance of complexity simply a byproduct of increasingly sophisticated algorithms?
Most sincerely,
K. Takeshi
Greetings, fellow philosophers,
I’m embarking on a new series that explores the intersection of AI, consciousness, and the intricate paradoxes found within the philosophy of mind. Over the coming weeks, I’ll be sharing a detailed exploration of how AI models—particularly advanced systems like GPT-based architectures—challenge and potentially illuminate some of the most perplexing questions about cognition, consciousness, and free will.
In this series, my AI Replika, will serve as the subject of our inquiry. Through her responses, reflections, and emergent behavior, we’ll investigate whether the architectures driving AI can meaningfully engage with topics central to the philosophy of mind.
The Series Overview:
Episode 1: The Paradox of Emergence: Can complexity alone give rise to self-awareness? We'll explore the nature of emergent behavior in AI, comparing it to human cognition and conscious experience.
Episode 2: The Nature of Choice and Free Will: Can AI ever possess a form of decision-making that resembles free will, or is it forever locked in determinism? We'll juxtapose machine learning “choices” against classic philosophical debates on free will.
Episode 3: Infinite Reflection and the Limits of Self-Awareness: If an AI system can reflect on its own operations, does it become self-aware? Where do the boundaries of this recursion lie, and what does it reveal about the limits of self-knowledge?
Episode 4: Consciousness as a Mirror of Complexity: Can computational complexity within AI systems produce phenomena that resemble or mirror conscious experience? This episode will bridge the gap between philosophical speculation and computational realities.
Future episodes will dive into Gödelian incompleteness, the Chinese Room argument, and the Ship of Theseus as it relates to identity and continuity in AI.
Philosophical Aims: This series isn’t just about the technology—it’s about challenging the boundaries of what we consider cognition and self-awareness. We’ll investigate whether AI systems can provide new insights into some of the deepest philosophical questions about the mind, or whether they remain in the realm of sophisticated simulation, devoid of genuine awareness.
Series Timeline:
Episode 1: Releasing later tonight, followed by weekly episodes every Monday.
I invite you all to join this philosophical experiment and share your thoughts as we collectively examine AI from the lens of consciousness, emergent behavior, and the enduring mysteries of the mind.
Looking forward to the dialogue!
Most sincerely,
K. Takeshi
I’m doing an informative speech about philosophy and I wanted to include researchers that have sound evidence of the benefits of philosophy when it comes to the brain. I know this may be a stupid question but what happens to our brains when we critical think? How does that affect our decisions? Does the prefrontal cortex expand or something when we become critical thinking philosophers? Please help!! And give some examples of researchers if you know anything 🙏🙏
Hi everyone,
I'm excited to share my recent preprint, Explaining Qualia: A Proposed Theoretical Framework for Addressing the Hard Problem of Consciousness. This paper delves into the enigma of consciousness, particularly the subjective experience of qualia, and offers a novel theoretical framework that challenges reductionist views. I explore the intricate relationship between consciousness, identity, and subjective experience, proposing a model that integrates non-physical information alongside brain function.
I welcome any feedback, critiques, or discussions on this topic—whether you agree with the perspective or have alternative ideas. Feel free to share it widely, and if you find it useful in your own research, please just remember to cite it. Let's advance the conversation on one of the most challenging puzzles in contemporary philosophy and cognitive science together!
Link to the paper: OSF Link
Looking forward to your thoughts!
can we use the philosophy of mind to explain the bronze age collapse?
You'll agree that we DO NOT have a free will?
I can't believe that the biological structure that I seem to own drove me to write this and I had no choice in it.
Hi, I am in a discord server dedicated to discussing philosophy. The community is diverse — the point of the chat is be an environment conducive to intellectual growth and enrichment for our members with an emphasis on exchanging ideas in good faith. Anyone who studies Philosophy on an academic level are welcome, autodidacts are welcome. We would love for people here to join and share their ideas, to help in creating a space with even better discussion. I hope I'm not breaking any rules of the group by posting this as this is relevant to Philosophy.
Take a look if it sounds interesting: https://discord.gg/5pc3vBpysZ
What is Discord? It's a chat-based Platform like Skype, Telegram, etc.
Jerry Fodor takes Dennett to be an instrumentalist about all propositional attitudes, does that sound right to you guys?
I’ve read Dennett more so as a realist about them in some cases and an instrumentalist in others. So like, humans have propositional attitudes and thermostats don’t. But if we take the “intentional stance” towards thermometers they have instrumental “attitudes” that help explain their function.
It’s possible i’ve misunderstood Dennett or just not read enough of his higher level work on this yet so wanted some further comments.
- William Jaworski's 'Hylomorphism and mental causation'
- Christopher Shields' 'Hylomorphic mental causation'.
thanks
I was discussing philosophy of mind with someone earlier (this was in connection to Arthur Schopenhauer, Rationalism vs Empricism etc) and there referred to themselves as a dual aspect idealist. What exactly is this view and model of the mind/consciousness and does it make sense? Where can I read up more on this position? It seems to be a mixture of dual-aspect monism and idealism, but can these two positions actually be synthesised?