/r/communism101

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★ Communism 101 ★

Welcome! This is a place for learning and teaching Marxism. No question is too simple, but please post overly academic, complicated, or otherwise "non-101" questions in /r/communism.

Before posting, please make sure you:

  1. read the rules below
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★ Rules ★

  1. Patriarchal, white supremacist, cissexist, heterosexist, or otherwise oppressive speech is unacceptable.
  2. This is a place for learning, not for debating. Try /r/DebateCommunism instead.
  3. Give well-informed Marxist answers. There are separate subreddits for liberalism, anarchism, and other idealist philosophies.
  4. Posts should include specific questions on a single topic.
  5. This is a serious educational subreddit. Come here with an open and inquisitive mind, and exercise humility. Don't answer a question if you are unsure of the answer. Try to include sources and/or further reading in any answers you provide. Standards of answer accuracy and quality are enforced.
  6. check the /r/Communism101 FAQ, and use the search feature
  7. No chauvinism or settler apologism. Non-negotiable: https://readsettlers.org/
  8. No tone-policing.

Star flair is awarded to reliable users who have good knowledge of Marxism and consistently post high quality answers.


★ Definitions ★

  • Communism: A term describing a stateless, classless, moneyless society with common ownership of the means of production. "Communism" can also describe the revolutionary movement to create such a society.

  • Socialism: An umbrella term used to describe social ownership of the means of production. Social ownership can include common ownership, state ownership or collective ownership. "Socialism" can also refer to an intermediate and transitional form of society between capitalism and communism featuring a Dictatorship of the Proletariat (sometimes referred to as "lower" or "the first phase of" communism).

  • Means of Production: An all-embracing term that describes every non-human material factor involved in the process of socially useful production.

  • Bourgeoisie: The capitalist class; the ruling class in capitalist society. The social class which owns the means of production and exploits hired labor. The buyers of labor power. This class is made up of a very small minority of the population.

  • Proletariat: The working class; the class of people in capitalist society who, deprived of any ownership of the means of production, must sell their labor power to the capitalists in order to survive. The exploited class; the producers of surplus value.

  • Exploitation: Exploitation is making use of some vulnerability in another person in order to use them to attain one’s own ends at their expense. Marxists specifically use the term to refer to the expropriation (theft) of the labor of a worker (via the extraction of surplus value) by the owners of the means of production. Capitalists make their profit from exploitation.

  • Dictatorship of the Proletariat: A state of proletarian rule where the working class organizes to democratically control the means of production, defend against bourgeois reaction, and create the material basis for a gradual transition to communism. "Dictatorship" in this sense does not mean rule by one individual; Marxists view any state as being under the "dictatorship" of a class. This term is the antithesis of the "Dictatorship of the Bourgeoisie" that exists under capitalism where the minority class rules society.

  • State: The state, in Marxist terminology, is a mechanism for class rule. It is the primary instrument of political power in class society, consisting of organs of administration, and of force. A state of one kind or another will exist as long as social classes exist.

For more definitions see the Dictionary of Revolutionary Marxism or the Marxist Internet Archive Encyclopedia. Thank you for visiting!

/r/communism101

172,216 Subscribers

1

Most of Marx’s critique of capitalism is based on the assumption that gold is the money commodity. How does Marx’s critique change if the money commodity is petroleum instead of gold?

Also, to what degree can a systematic analysis of a gold-based economy be used to analyze a petroleum-based economy?

1 Comment
2024/12/12
22:38 UTC

4

Difference between a principle contradiction and an antagonist contradiction

I can't differentiate these two concepts. Are they the same? Please help.

4 Comments
2024/12/12
20:26 UTC

1

Did Lenin or any political figures in early soviet Russia write about internationalism and internationalist principles? What were they?

By early soviet Russia I mean something like from the start of the revolution till around WW2.

I was wondering if Lenin had any cohesive set of international principles (principles of diplomacy, international relations, views of self-determination of various peoples, etc - for example I think Lenin had ideas about (anti)-imperialism which he related to marxism, but I was wondering exactly what those were/where did he write about them and if other leading figures/delegates had differing views) that he tried to implement. If so, to what extent did early soviet Russia actually follow those principles. And to what extent those principles aligned with ideas of internationalism of countries such as the US and Woodrow Wilson's liberal internationalism which inspired the League of Nations which the USSR ultimately joined in 1934.

Past answers seem to just talk about how there's a debate between Trotsky and Stalin about socialism in one country or permanent internationalist revolution... I'm more so looking for quotes from Lenin's writings about internationalism (or even quotes from Trotsky/Stalin/etc) and see it contrasted with Liberal internationalism.

12 Comments
2024/12/11
19:17 UTC

18

Can a semi-colony extract surplus-value from another semi-colony?

I was looking at Ecuador’s trade statistics and saw that 36.3%—more than 1/3—of all Ecuador’s crude petroleum is exported to Panama. 80.8% of Ecuador’s exports to Panama is in the form of crude petroleum and the surplus-value of the labor expended on its production.

Even more strangely, about 18% of Panama’s exports to Ecuador is in the form of refined petroleum, meaning essentially (from my understanding) that:

  1. Ecuador exports crude petroleum to Panama;
  2. Panama refines this crude petroleum; and
  3. Panama sells this refined petroleum back to Ecuador.

What’s strange is that this is a relationship most commonly seen between an imperialist power and a semi-colony, but both Ecuador and Panama are semi-colonies in this instance.

Can someone explain why this happens? Is there an imperialist power benefitting from this extraction of surplus-value in the form of these commodities? Is this specific instance just an outlier?

Source for trade statistics.

2 Comments
2024/12/11
15:13 UTC

0

Alienation Among White Men

Hello! This is a pretty strange concept to be asking about, I know. I don’t mean alienation in reference to feeling alienated from their own products or their own lives, but from the rest of society.

In my experience, on an individual level, proletarian communities will view white men as a threat. This doesn’t mean that people are necessarily hostile or even rude, but that there is a conscious barrier raised.

I usually see the barriers drop around the fifth or sixth interaction, occasionally faster.

I have an urge to try and make this into a “useful” question, and ask about how this can be applied to organizing or something, but I honestly am not super concerned. White people who are worth their salt already know the answer there.

I’m mostly just curious how other people think about this process on a sort of abstract level.

24 Comments
2024/12/11
15:56 UTC

56

Mental illness- Schizophrenia, Autism, BPD etc. as explained via Marxism.

I had a conversation about this the other day, and realised I don't know enough on the subject.

Is there a book or article that explains, in specificity, how exactly capitalism creates these various symptoms that are then categorised as mental 'disorders'?

When I was having this conversation, the other person was convinced that mental illness would merely change form for the better, not eventually wither away, like the patriarchy or racism will.

116 Comments
2024/12/09
13:29 UTC

24

Why is collectivisation seen as being responsible for the Soviet famine in the 1930s?

I've seen in (mostly anti communist) articles that the collectivisation of agriculture in the Soviet Union being cited as the primary cause of the famine during the early 1930s. One thing I've never seen, however, is an explanation as to WHY collectivising agriculture and moving away from private ownership of agricultural land would necessarily result in, or make the possibility of famine, more likely. Perhaps I have a misunderstanding of collectivisation and how it was implemented in the USSR, I admit that I'm not the most well read on the subject specifically, but I fail to see how collectivisation itself caused the famine.

13 Comments
2024/12/09
02:27 UTC

12

Any good articles or videos about the Syrian Civil War?

1 Comment
2024/12/08
22:44 UTC

6

Looking for Marxist material on Agriculture

Recently I saw a video of Noam Chomsky in which he claimed that Marx himself had studied peasantry in his last years and his conclusions were effectively suppressed by urban intellectuals like the Social Democrats and the Bolsheviks as it did not fit in the narrative of Proletariats being the bulwark of the Revolution and against the nationalization of land. So I embarked on a quest to study agriculture from a Marxist point of view which is also very close to me as I come from a rural background. Please share books, articles etc on the topic

10 Comments
2024/12/08
12:52 UTC

39

Can anyone recommend me a documentary that is pro-communism?

I’m looking for something very introductory, that can help me when my friends bombard me with anti-communist rhetoric and say that it’s stupid to support.

I constantly hear:

“Do you know how many people died under socialism?!”

“Every attempt at communism has failed miserably”

I just need some factual and easy-to-understand arguments against them.

17 Comments
2024/12/07
16:39 UTC

8

American MLM Organizations

Hey comrades!

I’m looking for Marxist-Leninist-Maoist organizations active in the U.S. I was previously a member of the CPUSA but left the party recently.

If anyone knows of any MLM orgs or has advice on where to start, I’d appreciate the insight.

Thanks in advance!

5 Comments
2024/12/07
03:47 UTC

4

Could somebody tell me about Wilver Villegas-Palomino?

I can't find any information on this man outside of some basic news sites. I can't find any discussion or anything. My partner, who is not ML, watched a video with this guy on the FBI's most wanted list. I have no doubt that it being a list by the FBI, it's probably pretty shady, but I can't find much information on this man.

1 Comment
2024/12/06
13:00 UTC

14

Would you describe oppressed minorities that benefit from welfare as labour aristocratic?

For context, I'm first nations Australian (indigenous), but I can easily tell that my wages are inflated, and I receive some other special benefits from Australia being a social democracy.

But I also think this is not the case for most indigenous people here. A very significant portion of First Nations people still live under 'primitive' communism but suffer the setbacks of capitalism. For example, lack of access to water, due to climate change.

Another thing to note is that, per capita, we are globally the most imprisoned demographic.

Of course, there are members of the bourgeois, labour aristocracy, etc. among every demographic, but what do you think this means for the revolutionary potential of those exploiters within oppressed minorities?

8 Comments
2024/12/06
08:51 UTC

48

The situation in Syria

It has been a few days since the Syrian opposition has launched a new offensive against the central goverment. Since then there has been increasing Russian and American interference withing Syria.

But what intrests me is Iran is quite hesitant to increase military presence in syria and both Hezbollah and the PMU have declared that they will not deploy their troops on syrian soil and the HTS rebels are funded by Turkey and Turkey is trying to weaken the SDF which are backed by the U$.

My question is how is the contradiction between the Turkish bourgeoisie and Nato is going to play out? Also is it possible that Iran is trying to compromise with the west?

15 Comments
2024/12/04
19:06 UTC

18

Is there a recognised set of circumstances that create revolutionaries in exploiting classes?

This question almost certainly doesn't have a specific broad answer, but is there at least a study on how individuals like Mao or Engels became revolutionary in their thinking/actions, in their specific context?

19 Comments
2024/12/04
09:32 UTC

1

Opinions and Insights on Valery Sablin?

I know it might be a reference to HOI4 - The New Order, but upon researching the real Valery Sablin, as an MLM, I mostly have a positive position on him. He is very much an anti-revisionist who saw the consequences of revisionism in the USSR, thus he mutinied and was executed by the Revisionist Brezhnev government. I have seen however statements that he was more of a Leninist than a Marxist-Leninist, but just correct me on that. I do not really believe in great men of history, but idk I just like him. What is your view on his actions, or was he a CIA agent or something?

3 Comments
2024/12/04
08:13 UTC

3

Dialectics

Can someone recommend any intro reading to dialectics? Thanks :)

3 Comments
2024/12/04
07:46 UTC

4

Thoughts on the CPUSA and other socialist groups at the current moment in regard to the labor movement

I don't mean to bash the party as much as much as offer a critique and broach questions.

First, CPUSA has been talking a lot lately of running local candidates for office. However, I haven't heard much in the way of building ties with the labor movement in the US. History shows us that the CPUSA was strongest when they had a strong presence in the labor movement. And Lenin's 'What Is To Be Done?' and 'Left Wing Infantilism,' along with Stalin's 'Briefly On Our Disagreements,' all place heavy emphasis on strong ties between the working class movement and socialist movement. In fact, Stalin likened socialism without connections to the working class movement as 'a compass without a ship.' Why isn't CPUSA discussing how to build a presence in the trade union movement. I have been a shop steward for a few years. And I was voted in as a shop steward by people who did not share my Marxist-Leninist worldview. Our class consciousness gives us a unique advantage to lead the struggle on the shop floor. CPUSA's own involvement in the Amazon unionization only backs this up. Why not build where we can be successful?

Also, why is PW so timid when it comes to criticizing not only Democrats, but mediocre union leaders. DSA and Labor Notes played a huge role in promoting Shawn Fain. In the meantime, CPUSA has been uncritical of bad union leaders like Randi Weingarten, Becky Pringle, and others.

I do understand the reluctance of the CPUSA to break with the Democrats. However, the CPUSA hasn't really had a serious discussion on how to make a strong national party with a solid enough base to build power. Not that any other socialist group has made any real attempts at winning political power either--I would hardly call PSL's presidential bid an attempt at building people power because PSL doesn't have a strong enough base with the working class movement to do anything but gain a few thousand votes.

Where do Marxist-Leninists in the US on this forum see the future of the socialist political movement? How can we encourage the current socialist groups in the US to build strong ties with the working class and lead a working class movement? Because if we don't have the working class movement, we'll either be stuck as CPUSA is in backing Democrats or as PSL is in running ineffective political campaigns. And how do we modernize William Z. Foster's, Lenin's, Eugene Debs's, and other theorists who wrote on organizing so that we can organize in the twenty first century?

26 Comments
2024/12/04
06:06 UTC

22

What makes someone categorised as Petite-Bourgeoisie or Bourgeoisie?

Is it mainly their position in Relations of Production? Or their Societal Standing, Profession and Material Wealth also have an effect?

E.g. Do developer in third world count as petite bourgeoisie? How about Office Worker or someone who work in administrative position?

Sorry for the grammar, as I'm from Indonesia English is not my first language.

14 Comments
2024/12/04
04:48 UTC

40

Why do some people think that Thomas Sankara wasn't a real socialist and/or marxist?

I've had this discussion with a person saying that his reforms were top-down meaning he never aimed to abolish the national bourgeoisie therefore it made him a bourgeois leader, claiming he never addressed abolishing money or the bourgeoisie or surplus value. Is this a common way of looking at the image of Sankara?

25 Comments
2024/12/03
20:02 UTC

3

Could the state reemerge post-communism?

So it's my understanding that after global capitalism is replaced by global socialism, the state may wither away as people reach a level of collaboration that would render the state redundant. It seems like this would only occur if the conditions are absolutely right, with plenty of resources to go around and practically no tribalist/reactionary tendencies among the people - but what if that were to change? What if communism won't be the 'end of history' as it's sometimes implied, but a fleeting state of certain societies not needing a state to cooperate? E.g. natural disaster may lead to a lack of resources in a certain area which may lead its people to steal resources from a smaller/weaker people group, leading that smaller people group to create a state as a tool of defense, with a strong border, military etc?

3 Comments
2024/12/03
13:17 UTC

26

Marxist Journals worth reading.

After the disappointing end of kites-journal.org, I'm wondering if any comrades know of any journals that are worth watching? I'm coming at things from a MLM perspective, but I'm wondering if there are any anti-revisionist english language journals, magazines, or websites at all that are updates regularly enough that are worth reading. I'd also be interested in knowing if there are any communist news sites that one should be aware of too.

9 Comments
2024/12/03
11:08 UTC

0

Workers party of Great Britain?

Hey guys,

I was just wondering what the general vibe about this party is.

I'm more kinda pro/conning and would like help on making a decision:

Pros:

  1. They do say they're socialist, their program is socialistic if not ambitious enough.

  2. Beautiful name! Beautiful marketing, I understand socialists are concerned with Galloway retweeting people like trump and stuff but a part of me feels like he's just doing it to get more members/draw attention to socialism, because as stated above, the party is still socialistic in manifesto and goals, I think he may be using funnelling, a tactic the right has been using for over a decade now with incredible results.

Cons:

  1. Party states it's socialist but lacks ideological foundation, i.e it's not got a set goal it's trying to achieve in regards to actual socialism, for example the USSR's goal was communism, without a strict goal I fear as more members come in it's radicalism can quickly evaporate or worse.

  2. Galloway's troubling remarks regarding LGBT, Trump, ect, could he be a grifter? I don't know he has risked it all for peace before, so why grift now? Isn't it just a tactic to win over the masses? Once they're interested they might learn what socialism actually is.

  3. Actively taking sides in capitalist wars (i.e. Russia/Ukraine

What do you guys think?

5 Comments
2024/12/03
01:33 UTC

13

Differences between Dixiecrats and Republicans?

This is just out of curiosity, are there differences in the base of the Dixiecrats and Republicans? The way they get talked about just sounds like the names switched in the 2000’s, but I imagine that there is a more meaningful difference. Obviously the voting base is all Labor Aristocratic, and so there’s that, but that confuses me even more. Why did the party switch even happen in the first place?

13 Comments
2024/12/01
17:42 UTC

23

What do you mean by Marxism-Leninism?

Do you think it's a synonym for Stalinism? Or is it the acceptance of real socialism of the 20th century? Can one define oneself as a Marxist-Leninist and criticize some aspects of the USSR? And be a Marxist-Leninist without being a Stalinist? What's the difference between Leninism and Marxism-Leninism in practice? Honestly, I find that these labels are often useless and vague, but the world of the far left is extremely divided and I want to understand something more about it.

43 Comments
2024/11/30
22:26 UTC

17

What conditions make Trotskyites exist?

To me it seems like Trotskyites and Trotsky have nothing in common except for their opportunism. From what I see, they do nothing but run for bourgeois elections and side with bourgeois parties. Like Lula apparently calling himself a Trotskyite is really funny, is that what happens when Trotskyites win an election? It's just really weird to me that they call themselves Trotskyites and then do the opposite of what Trotsky stood for which seems like it's the only reason anyone would call themselves Trotskyites (permanent revolution). It feels like they have much much more in common with social democrats than Marxists.

With Dengists, I can see they're broadly Marxists with liberal tendencies that make them revisionist and side with revisionism. But I cannot understand what conditions make Trotskyites exist. Are they "Marxists" that have fascist tendencies? That's the only thing I can think of, and it might be very wrong.

I'm sure I'm oversimplifying things here (due to lack of knowledge more than anything), and it probably cannot be this simple, but Trotskyite organisations dominate a lot of the "leftist" scene in the imperial core so I'm curious on why they exist in the first place. I would also appreciate if there's anything I can read.

23 Comments
2024/11/30
15:04 UTC

22

What do Marxist-Leninists think of the term 'State Capitalist' used to describe the USSR and the Eastern Bloc?

23 Comments
2024/11/30
17:46 UTC

44

How would Socialism approach and deconstruct sexual shame culture

For reference, I’m a trans women who was raised in a fairly religious conservative household. While I’m away from that life, I’ve always had a distinct sense of shame about sexuality and my own body to the point it is debilitating at times. It makes me wonder how much different things would have been if I was brought up in a Socialist world, though the lack of discussion I see about how sex would look post Capitalism makes such a world hard to envision.

So curious what people think.

21 Comments
2024/11/30
08:01 UTC

1

How did you guys learn economics and secondary economic literature?

2 Comments
2024/11/29
21:35 UTC

17

Asiatic mode of production. Discarded piece of Marxism, or accurate?

I haven't seen much of Marx's work where he talks about the AMP, and I haven't seen much Marxist critique against it either. It seems discarded, but I have no idea where to start understanding the theory and it's usefulness or lack thereof.

8 Comments
2024/11/29
10:26 UTC

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