This might be an overly generic question but I'm curious how these things are usually handled by the law. I'm aware every country has their own regulations etc, but I assume it would be structured similarly. For example I remember hearing that laboratories themselves can have different levels of something that determines what can and cannot be done there. Also I know many substances are regulated or can only be present at a certain % in a consumer product etc but other than this I'm fairly clueless. To clarify I'm not planning on doing chemistry as a hobby I'm just interested in the "legal stuff."

Even in theory it makes no sense ?

How can a solid be MONOatomic ? Aren't gases only possible to be monoatomic?

Also Hudson claim that the re-arrangement of the structure is what makes them monoatomic , which again makes no sense , considering he's just rearranging the already existing atoms instead of removing all besides 1?

Also he claimed that the rearrangement is what makes them chemically inert , but if it makes them inert, how do they do anything to the human body?

Here's he's patent in case anyone wants to take a look and maybe understand something I didn't... :

https://patents.google.com/patent/DE3920144A1/en

Luckily I've got clay, markers, and paperclips

I recently graduated with a PhD in Chemistry. Toward the end, as most people feel, I was very burnt out. I ended up taking a month or so off while I moved and prepared for a good post-doc position. My intention was to gain more experience so I could be more marketable for jobs.

Well I've been here for about 6 months now and I'm still burnt out (or again burnt out). I'm having trouble getting the project going, reactions aren't working and I generally feel pretty terrible at the lack of results I'm able to produce despite frequently coming in voluntarily on Saturdays etc.

I'm really tired of this type of work and I hate the feeling that it doesn't matter how much you work, it only matters how much results you get. It's incredibly frustrating, disheartening, and makes me feel like a failure. I hate the constant feeling that I need to make up time, or work extra and have no work/life balance. And I really really do not want to be stuck in a career where this just keeps being the norm. I just can't shake the feeling that anything after this is just going to be more of the same constantly stressful crap.

With that being said, I'm hoping to get some advice on career options from other people who make work in these areas. I've kinda toyed with the idea of being a patent agent, although I dislike writing quite a bit. But perhaps it affords more personal time.

I at least want to feel like most days I go to work and leave feeling like I accomplished something, not that everything failed and I cant live up to expectations.

What other options/suggestions do you all have that I might be missing or not thinking of?

Thanks to anyone who took the time to read.

what makes benzene more dangerous than xylenes or toluene?

https://www.nytimes.com/2024/12/01/world/americas/mexico-fentanyl-chemistry-students.html

im making a fighting game and one of the characters uses benzene and compounds involving benzene to attack others, what are some cool ideas for that?

I live in Canada where it can get REALLY cold during the winter and I store my chemicals in the garage. I’m wondering is there any significant risk with acids/bases/other freezing. The ones I have in storage are HNO3 (68%), NH4OH (30%), HCl (36%) and TEOS. If these do freeze is there any danger or safety precautions I should take?

i live in the uk but i still got this warning when trying to buy literal false lashes that i liked im confused because its just lashes arent they just plastic?

Hello, recently I got the book and found out that there are aditional resources ( solutions manual and online resources) for the textbook. Howewer the online part is taken down and i can't seem to find the original solutions (by Hagerman, Schnabel & Ramanujachary). The only thing i have found is Hadzovic solutions manual that is quite different from the actual problems and misses some. Has anyone saved these additions to the book? Would be thankful if there was a way to gain access to these

Hint: powderd sugar was used

I'm using a cheap lab power supply for reverse electroplating a chromed camera. I use sulfuric acid as an electrolyte and a graphite anode. Now my power supply completely fried, it blew the fuse and it doesn't work even with a replacement fuse. What parameters can I change to prevent this in the future? Lower amperage, lower electrolyte concentration?

I fill an unbreakable, non-expandable container with tap water to the brim at 20°C. Then I close the container and put it in a sub-zero environment.

Does the water freeze even when it can't expand?

I tried some rtv2 with tin-cure catalyst for the first time to make molds to cast some wax into. The silicone emitted an "orange" like odor immediately after adding the catalyst. What compound could it be releasing?

Hello, I am an 18 year old applying to university and want to talk about any recent research I find interesting and was just curious if anyone had any key research that is going on now they know about

So, I've learned that chemical reactions are divided into 2 main categories:

-reactions where ox.n. doesn't change (Synthesis, decomposition, replacement and double replacement)

-reactions where ox.n. changes (redox)

Does this mean that a synthesis/decomposition/replacement/double replacement reaction can't be a redox?

And can a redox be a synthesis/decomposition/replacement/double replacement reaction too?

Ok, so you get the idea, I’m fishing for advice on getting to know all the secrets. The lab is barely more than a garage and once the engineers figure out how to mix/refine/heat/summon —- they always have 3 samples for testing the batch.

They act frustrated and ambivalent on both the samples produced, and their lunch order. But they sing praises to our logistics team.

Fortunately, I’m the new guy maintaining and developing new features for the logistics team.

I get the impression a significant amount of our business runs through these 3-wizards in the lab refining ??? from appear to be trash and scrap metal, and I just want to know some cool shit to say to let them know I AM DOWN TO CLOWN BRO I know they got killer tech and I just want to nerd out and see what kind fun they’re having.

I want to challenge myself with some cooking chemistry, and I want to recreate this Industrially produced mayo as close as possible.

Okay, so lets say, I want to measure exactly how much acid there is in a viscous fluid. It is 2 different acids. One diluted citric acid and the other acetic acid, or rather a mixture of both of them combined. The only thing I know, is that there is more acetic acid than citric acid. (Higher on the ingredient list)

How would I go about doing this? A simple titration of "diluted mayo" wouldn't really work because of 2 different acids, would it?

Could I distill the mayonnaise and then measure only the part of acidic acid that transfered into the other flask, or is there something that could go wrong there?

This really made me question my chemical skills

I am just a hobby chemist, however I do have access to a university lab, so lets assume I have access to most basic lab equipment, something like a rotovap, titration setup and all the good stuff is totally doable.

(probably no fancy spectrograph though, and y'all would probably kill me if I used it for mayo lmao)

How would I go about doing this? Where do I even start? Do you maybe have some resources in mind for identifying the concentration of 2 known acids in a liquid?

Recent research shows that alkyl groups are electron-withdrawing. I am not very connected to academia, can anyone check if the article here has been peer reviewed and accepted as correct?

Cuz if it is it changes a major chunk of organic chemistry.

Some 40-50 years ago, I was attempting to implement the NASA RP-1271 (or possibly an earlier variant) chemical combustion equilibrium code, developed by Gordon and McBride, on a clunky old MS-Dos clone. I decided to send an email to the developers, and Ms. McBride replied, and then called me (at the time I was a young rocket engineer). Helpful, polite, knowledgeable and witty - she helped me figure out how to get the code to run reasonably well, and chatted with me about ways to tweak the numbers for what I was trying to do. Yes, I was surprised, a bit, to be chatting with a female person, but not as much as you might think (my wife is also a rocket engineer and I grew up around smart women).

Replying to a post in Chem Engr., I brought up this topic again. And then decided to see what became of her. This is what:

https://www.nasa.gov/centers-and-facilities/glenn/glenn-history/bonnie-mcbride/

I knew she was a looker. Smart chicks always get me fired up.

I am wondering if lithium would make a good getter for air. I am trying to make my own vacuum tubes (ultimately a cathode ray tube) and I am struggling to get a high enough vacuum with my two-stage rotary vane pump. I would like to try getters but I can't use titanium for reasons I won't get into now. I can however get my hands on lithium and know how to handle it safely. Has anyone heard of lithium being used as a getter at RT? It reacts with oxygen, nitrogen, and water vapor, so it should work to some degree but I'm not sure if a passivation layer will form. Any thoughts?

I found this pin on the ground and figure it's a formula for an element or drug but I don't know much. can someone identify it for me? thanks!

Does anyone hace access to the problem set in its entirety (outside of the problem set generator?) It used to be online, did anyone here archived it?

Hello, so I was wondering something that I haven’t really heard anyone else mention.

So not many people that aren’t into biology and chemistry know that, Alcohol and Caffeine are more effective In the time you feel the effect when the beverage is carbonated. It’s why 1 shot equals 1 beer in feeling as a general rule. It’s also why a 300mg of caffeine coffee won’t smack as hard as something like a bang energy drink. (I read that somewhere like 6 years ago and experimented on myself)

Now my real question is; How does Nitrogen infusion compare?

I have been trying these “super dry” monster nitros to see if I can notice anything but I’m pretty much always under the effect of caffeine now a days so I can’t reallyyyy tell. (I don’t consume alcohol anymore so my real interest is caffeine)

Is there any public studies that point to the effect difference of the methods of carbonation? Is the bioavailability the same or does one have slightly better %? Would the effect combination be possible/any better than either of the gasses solo?

I mainly ask because I’m super interested in making my own beverages, and I know there are other people who understand this better than myself so.. thank you guys very much in advance. If you are able to source me to a place to find it or if someone wants to write an explanation then, cheers!