/r/linuxquestions
A subreddit for asking question about Linux and all things pertaining to it.
This subreddit is for any question pertaining to Linux from beginner to advanced. For general Linux news and info, see /r/linux.
Please try to only make helpful replies to questions. This is not the place for low effort joke answers.
If you find a solution to your problem by other means, please take your time to write down the steps you used to solve your problem in the original post. You can potentially help others having the same problem!
How To Ask Questions The Smart Way
If your question has been answered, please mark your thread as [Resolved], use the flair drop-down on your submission to do so!
/r/linuxquestions
$ which rm
/usr/bin/rm
$ dpkg -S /usr/bin/rm
dpkg-query: no path found matching pattern /usr/bin/rm
$ dpkg -S /bin/rm
coreutils: /bin/rm
$ ls -l /usr/bin/rm
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 59904 Feb 7 2022 /usr/bin/rm
$ ls -l /bin/rm
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 59904 Feb 7 2022 /bin/rm
So /usr/bin/rm wasn't installed by any package but it clearly exists and is a real file (not a symlink).
I ask because my shell script blew up when it couldn't find /usr/bin/rm on another machine. I've checked and out of like a dozen or so Ubuntu 20.04/22.04 physical/virtual machines I looked all but one had /usr/bin/rm but no obvious signs of how it got there.
Hi,
i want to buy a Laptop for Linux to start working with Android Studio and Kotlin, here are 2 Laptops that are arround my budget:
HP 255 G10 Ryzen 5 7530U, 16GB RAM, 512GB SSD
Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 14IAH8
Anyone got experience with this laptops? Do they work with Linux smooth without any Hardware conflicts?
If both work, which one would you recommend?
Another Question: What Distro do you recommend when working with Android Studio? I'm thinking about going Debian: Ubuntu or MX Linux.
First, premises: I have a set of Thrustmaster T-LCM which are recognized but I can't use them (there doesn't seem to be available software online).
They are a set of simple pedals: just 3 outputs over USB.
I know the basics of programming on C# and C (but I am missing the functioning of Linux), therefore I am pondering the idea of writing my own drivers. I have lots of time and will to learn, especially if I can add C and the Linux Kernel into my CV.
Now, the discussion: what expertise is needed to work on this type of project? Where should I begin? Is it worth reading a whole book (I have many in my library ready to be read) on the Kernel just to write a driver, or can I study the topic with more efficiency?
I was trying to clean out old kernals taking up disc space and broke something. I am trying to reinstall the initramfs files. I install mint on a USB then chrooted into the file system:
Device Start End Sectors Size Type
/dev/nvme0n1p1 2048 1050623 1048576 512M EFI System
/dev/nvme0n1p2 1050624 4550655 3500032 1.7G Linux filesystem
/dev/nvme0n1p3 4550656 1000214527 995663872 474.8G Linux filesystem
At first I thought the 3rd fs was the one I needed to install on but I realized the 2nd one is where the boot files are being read:
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 261842 Nov 22 2022 config-5.15.0-56-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 261914 Apr 18 2023 config-5.15.0-72-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 261914 May 15 2023 config-5.15.0-73-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 261881 Jul 10 13:33 config-5.15.0-79-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 261956 Aug 14 13:31 config-5.15.0-82-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 262053 Aug 14 09:05 config-5.15.0-83-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 262053 Sep 5 13:31 config-5.15.0-84-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 261889 Sep 20 07:32 config-5.15.0-86-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 261844 Oct 2 13:40 config-5.15.0-88-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 261844 Oct 30 20:15 config-5.15.0-89-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 261963 Nov 14 10:47 config-5.15.0-91-generic
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 May 19 2023 efi
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Dec 8 08:18 grub
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 28 Dec 8 08:18 initrd.img -> initrd.img-5.15.0-91-generic
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 28 Dec 8 08:18 initrd.img.old -> initrd.img-5.15.0-89-generic
drwx------ 2 root root 16384 May 19 2023 lost+found
-rw------- 1 root root 6250186 Nov 22 2022 System.map-5.15.0-56-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 6261790 Apr 18 2023 System.map-5.15.0-72-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 6261790 May 15 2023 System.map-5.15.0-73-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 6271933 Jul 10 13:33 System.map-5.15.0-79-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 6272726 Aug 14 13:31 System.map-5.15.0-82-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 6273612 Aug 14 09:05 System.map-5.15.0-83-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 6273857 Sep 5 13:31 System.map-5.15.0-84-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 6276171 Sep 20 07:32 System.map-5.15.0-86-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 6276836 Oct 2 13:40 System.map-5.15.0-88-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 6276836 Oct 30 20:15 System.map-5.15.0-89-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 6273869 Nov 14 10:47 System.map-5.15.0-91-generic
drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 4096 Dec 9 07:00 timeshift
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 25 Dec 8 08:18 vmlinuz -> vmlinuz-5.15.0-91-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 11551392 Dec 17 2022 vmlinuz-5.15.0-56-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 11574344 Apr 18 2023 vmlinuz-5.15.0-72-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 11574280 May 15 2023 vmlinuz-5.15.0-73-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 11613672 Jul 10 15:22 vmlinuz-5.15.0-79-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 11610344 Aug 14 13:37 vmlinuz-5.15.0-82-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 11615656 Aug 14 09:07 vmlinuz-5.15.0-83-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 11612712 Sep 5 16:57 vmlinuz-5.15.0-84-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 11624584 Sep 20 08:09 vmlinuz-5.15.0-86-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 11619432 Oct 2 13:44 vmlinuz-5.15.0-88-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 11619464 Oct 30 20:25 vmlinuz-5.15.0-89-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 11615272 Nov 14 10:49 vmlinuz-5.15.0-91-generic
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 25 Dec 8 08:18 vmlinuz.old -> vmlinuz-5.15.0-89-generic
What is saying not found when it's clearly there? Does it need to be installed on both file systems? Specifically want to use the lastest `5.15.0-91-generic`
I'd like to have a CLI chatbot that knows my config and helps me remember commands.
In the ideal case I envision something as simple as this
$ chat
> Q: How do I add ' around the currently selected word in neovim?
> A: I see that you have the mini-surround plugin and you have configured 'gsa' as the mapping to a surround. The syntax is gsa[motion][char]. In your case that would be `gsaiw'`.
Is there any project that allows me to do this or something similar?
I have paid access to Chat GPT-4 and Copilot if that helps.
In Ubuntu 23.10 x86_64 with kernel 6.5.0-14-generic I keep getting messages like:
evict_inodes inode 00000000xxxxxxxx, i_count = 1, was skipped!
These seem to happen when unmounting some file systems. It sounds kind of bad, as if something failed to be written to the storage device. But I haven't been seeing any real problems because of this. Elsewhere I've seen other posts about the problem, but no explanation.
Hello,
This question is about desktop Linux (namely, not headless servers) conventions, and may even apply to other Unixes used as desktop/laptop workstations.
As you might know it, FreeDesktop is responsible for a few standardisation specifications that are widely used in today's "desktop Linux" world, and allows some form of compatibility between various desktop environments. They're behind the common XDG_*
environment variables that map to common directories (desktop, config, app data...) as well as the .desktop
file that is used to enumerate and describe the apps that you see in your taskbar and start menu.
The .desktop
spec allows apps to define "Additional application actions", which are usually implemented as a jumplist that opens when right-clicking an icon. If you have Firefox or Steam installed, you can see that they have app-specific actions when right-clicked in the task bar, like "Open a new private window" for the former or "Friends" for the latter.
However, these are static. They're hardcoded in the .desktop file, which is usually installed in the root-owned /usr/share/Applications/
and thus can't be edited for obvious reasons. However, some apps may want to display dynamic actions, such as recent contacts for a messaging apps, favourite games for a game launcher, or installed DLCs/mods for a game, to only give examples. And I'm wondering if dynamic actions are actually possible.
Here are options I've considered:
GtkRecentManager
seems to be used by Cinnamon on Linux Mint to display recently edited files. However, it relies on GTK, it's not guaranteed that the DE will render this in its taskbar icon's context menu, it doesn't support icons and may have unintended effects (in Mint, recent files are also indexed by the start menu's search bar, which can be practical but not always desired).update-desktop-database
which could potentially take seconds on older computers, just because one entry changed/usr/share/Applications
is unwritable, these "dynamic" desktop files must be copied in ~/.local/share/applications
on first launch, which may or may not be considered very hacky too. At the very least, from my experimentation, if both desktop files have the same name, the one in ~/.local/share/application
overrides the other, which is convenient. I don't know if that works across DEs though.What are your thoughts on this?
So, I have a niece who's getting old enough to have a personal computer (Her approximate age is 14). My niece is really into making art. She currently makes a lot of drawings and sketches with colored pencils. She doesn't seem that interested in computers right now, but she has said that she wants to make art using computers.
I was thinking about gifting her a simple Linux Laptop + Pen Display Tablet (I already have a list of pen display tablets that should be compatible with Linux devices).
Everything above is the basic information. I'm probably overthinking this decision, but if you want more infomation of my thoughts, read the text below.
My reasons for getting her a Linux laptop are the following:
However, I also have reasons for not getting her a Linux laptop:
If you think a Linux laptop isn't a good idea for her, I do have some other devices I could get for her, but these other devices also have their own "pros" and "cons".
I asked on r/DigitalArt about what kinds of computer devices would be the best for a first-time digital artist, and they recommended getting an iPad + Apple Pencil.
Pros | Cons |
---|---|
They can specialize in digital art. | They're not very versatile. |
Their devices are generally of decent quality. | They're overpriced. |
They're easy to use. | They lock users in as much as possible. |
I think the "cons" outweigh the "pros". Making art is just her hobby right now. She's 14, and her hobbies and interests could drastically change as time goes on. If she were to ever lose interest in creating art, an iPad and Apple Pencile would no longer be of use to her. Whereas other non-Apple devices could be more easily repurposed.
Another more versatile option is to get a Chromebook for my niece.
Now, my niece already has a "Galaxy Chromebook Go". However, from what I've researched so far, that specific model of Chromebook is not good for digital art. It doesn't have good compatibility with pen tablets.
I could get her another Chromebook that comes with a pen, or I could find a Chromebook that has better compatibility with pen tablets. However, I've asked around on r/chromeos for digital art Chromebook recommendations and I haven't gotten much positive feedback. Many comments on the ChromeOS discord have said that Chromebook isn't a good option for digital art.
If I can't find such a Chromebook, I could maybe get a Samsung tablet + art pen/stylus. These devices might not need as much "tech support maintenance" compared to Linux, and they will be something that she and her parents are familiar with. However, I'm not certain about how good her digital art experience will be with these devices.
Another option is Windows. However, my niece hasn't had much experience with Windows. While Windows might be more familiar to her parents, they aren't very "tech savvy" with Windows. This means I could end up doing "tech support" over the phone for Windows, at which point I might as well have gone with Linux.
Edit:
I'm not going to force her to use Linux. A lot of people on r/Linux told me that it was a good idea to give someone a Linux computer as their first PC. I'm just double-checking those statements.
... this mouse gestures: Holding right mouse button while scrolling the wheel up or down?
I'm trying to get an Electron app to start on an embedded Linux machine on boot, but I can't figure out how to do so under a user. I'm using Yocto and the build I'm adding to uses Wayland and Weston, with X11 no longer supported. Yocto is set up to automatically boot into root for development, and I could just keep that setup and run the Electron app with systemd under root and use the --no-sandbox
flag, but that seems insecure. Rather, I'd like to start the app as a non-root user.
So, my question is: How do I get a graphical application to run as a non-root user just by booting up the system? Is there a way to automatically login as a non-root user, without even prompting for a password? If so, I suspect I could then just use a systemctl --user
setup to auto-start the app after the user is logged in. Otherwise, would I have to use a regular systemd service with the User=<user>
field? When I try that, I get errors about missing X server or $DISPLAY, despite DISPLAY being defined under Environment=DISPLAY=:0
I'd appreciate any help.
Hi, I'm not the most expert user, but I've been messing with my latest linux install for a few months. I costumized the look of the GRUB, but whenever the kernel gets updated and the grub.cfg gets regenerated, the classes of two entries do not generate (efi and submenu), leaving the entries with no icons (which are determined by the class of the entry).
How do I make it so they automatically generate, instead of me modifing the .cfg everytime the kernel is updated?
I'm on linux mint, 21.2 Cinnamon.
I’m using yay and when I try to download some packages the current speed sits at zero, won’t download and eventually fails to connect and retry’s
. It doesn’t do this for every package nor does it do it using pacman. Internet connection is working. Didn’t find anything in forums/manpages. Any help?
I have a low end laptop I use for light gaming, browsing, and schoolwork. I currently run Xubuntu 22.04, but I learned about Bodhi Linux, a distribution supposedly optimized for extremely good performance on low end hardware.
My specs are:
i5-1035g1
8gb
Intel IRIS Plus graphics g1
I have a computer on which I'd like to have native access to Windows and Linux (partition the drive and dual-boot), but I prefer Linux, so it would be nice to be able to boot into Linux and then boot the physical Windows partition on a VM. I need to keep the original Windows install how it was, so I don't want to create an entire virtual Windows machine, but rather just emulate the install I currently have inside Linux... I've found some information about how to do this with different VM platforms, but I'm looking for a relatively safe way to do this, minimizing the risk of data loss on the Windows install (I know that any method assumes some risk). Performance of the windows install is not a huge deal; just need access to it.
I currently have a problem bc I was stupid, any help would be much appreciated…I configured my Raspberry Pi (running Diet Pi Os) to only allow SSH access with SSH key, no password login. Then I lost the keyfile. So now I cannot ssh into the Pi, so I attached an HDMI cable and rebooted. I got no output, so changed the config.txt on the SD card to force HDMI output (‘hdmi_force_hotplug=1 hdmi_drive=2‘)-> still nothing. I put the SD card into another Pi, it booted, then got stuck on „Starting ifup for eth0“, same on another Pi. Removed Ethernet cable, still it displays no outout after a certain point in the boot process. Do I have any chance to regain access, or do I have to reinstall? I originally used Diet Pi OS on a Pi 2 Model B v1.1, the other two Pis I tested the SD card on were Pi 2 v1.2 and Pi 3
I have partioned my hardrive on an Acer Aspire 3 A315-24PT the graphical installer runs but does not detect the network card it is a Media Tek MT7902 Wireless LAN card. Has any one else encountered this problem is it as simple as picking a similar MT module from the list presented or do I just step up and use the command installer? TY
Hey there everyone. High on weed here with a crazy idea.
Could GDB's "checkpoint" feature be used to effectively add an "undo" feature to literally any program?
This could be implemented as a wrapper around the program, and every minute or so, it runs GDB to attach to the process and save a checkpoint, plus a screenshot of the UI. The user might also be able to save a checkpoint on demand with a hotkey, let's say.
At any point, the user can check the available checkpoints, and visually decide which state of the application to "undo" or "check back" into.
For simplicity, let's assume that we only care about programs with no network access and with only a single process. But if this works well enough, some FAANG could through a few million dollars at it and figure out the rest. And only Linux support because let's face it, these sort of crazy ideas like containers and stuff are done here first.
Naturally a problem would be external files used or created by the program. These could be copied into the checkpoint (maybe only storing diff information on successive checkpoints). (And if the app is one of those fancy flatpoke or container apps, we might as well diff the entire chroot filesystem)
This would include a generic GUI for the "restore checkpoint" feature, which would work on any program.
Indeed, this is similar to checkpoints in video game emulators.
Has something like this been done? Is it feasible? I understand that this is doable on virtual machines, but then the performance cost and storage of checkpoints could be huge.
Obligatory: This idea is licensed under GPLv3.
Edit: Looks like CRIU already implements part of this? They only beat me by 11 years, I'll try a higher dose next time.
So I recently decided to dual boot Manjaro with my pre-existing windows. I only gave it 150 gigs at the time because I only wanted to basic stuff. Now Im thinking of making Manjaro my main. There is another SSD in my pc which I just use to store my projects, games and stuff. How do I get that ssd to work in Manjaro. Sorry if this is very vague, I am quite new to Linux.
I was using my Arch Linux system for music production and upon trying to pan some tracks in my mix, I noticed that the right channel simply does not output any audio.
I was using Reaper, but I narrowed it down to a system problem because a "speaker test" youtube video like this only plays audio for the "left" portion.
I'm not really sure how to troubleshoot this and I can't finish my mix until I am able to pan tracks! Am I missing or misconfiguring a qpwgraph
connection? Any input would be appreciated.
Hi,
Here's the issue when i play gta 5 on steam it freezes, and i figured that it must be my ram (8gb soldered). My pc setup: AMD Ryzen™ 7 5700U with Radeon™ Graphics - 8gb ram - silverblue 38.
Is there a way to compensate for the low ram, i tried to set the lowest graphic settings but it still freezes. When playing with gta 5 pirated version (older version) it went pretty well on lowest graphic settings but with the official steam one i'm having issues.
Thanks for any suggestions
Hi, I’m trying to install DAT Linux (based on Ubuntu 22.04) on VirtualBox on my W11 host machine. However, it is a fairly new OS and not recognized by VirtualBox. It keeps hanging on installation and I have a hunch that it may be because of the “version” I am selecting on installation.
I’ve tried Linux 2.6/3.x/4.x/5.x(64bit), Ubuntu 64bit, Ubuntu 22.04 64bit, and Other 64bit, but none of them seem to work. I can’t find videos or articles doing a walk through.
Any suggestions on installing DAT Linux?
Hi, i recently installed EndeavourOS, since i'm italian but i have a US keyboard i miss some letter, on windows i used an autohotkey script that typed for me the missing letter with a key combination, i searched for autohotkey on linux but i found that script made on windows wont work on linux.
I'm pretty sure that there are alternative or similar program, could you point me to them?
Thanks in advance y'all.
Like we use .asoudrc file to create software audio devices, is there anyway I can create software audio device at runtime, using channel 0 and channel 1 of device XYZ and use that software device to do playback/recording.
It would be great if it can be done using python but a bash script solution will also do.
Or if you can suggest some keywords I can google because right now I am just getting examples on how to create .asoundrc or /etc/asound.info or play audio using pyalsa.
I am looking for a way to benchmark PCs, the result should show CPU, GPU, RAM and disk performance. It would be ideal if the latter works also for USB attached devices or SD cards.
Looking for a general approximation, doesn't need to be refined to the nth degree. A plus if it's a script based on standard Linux stuff. EDIT: The recommendations so far are for Phoronix, Coremark, Passmark, Cinebench. This is way too elaborate. I'm looking for something real simple, similar to sbc-bench.
I am busy learning Hebrew and would like to make use of Onboard for completing the online exercises. However, I don't know how to change the keyboard layout?
Has anyone else attempted this?
I fiddled around with some of the included keyboards and figured out how to make a keyboard layout. Actually very simple. It's a set of SVG files for the layout and a set of XML files for the keys. One of the XML files contains the scan codes for each key reference.
/usr/share/onboard/layouts/keys_def.xml
My install is Debian 12 so it might be different on your setup.
Once I have a working keyboard, I will post a link here where others can download it.
When I get time, I will make keyboards for other popular languages.
New update, I just discovered, that the "Full Keyboard" switches languages if you change keyboard layout on the task bar of KDE. Yay!!!
Another update: I have discovered that changing languages in the taskbar allows me to type using my physical keyboard. My wife has generously offered to paint on the lettering for me using a pin stripe paint brush.
Hopefully this answers questions for anyone else trying to do the same. I assume it would apply to all keyboard layouts, though I may stand corrected.
Please note that I had installed both my standard US International layout and the standard Hebrew layout in KDE. A "us" icon appeared on the taskbar at the right next to the WiFi icon. When I click it I can switch to "il" and then type in Hebrew.
Once I got the Hebrew down pat, it will be onto the next language. Just for fun. Though I may need more keyboards... :lol:
Hey everyone, I came to ask for help.
I'm on Mint 20.3
I have this external hard drive from Toshiba. Have had it for a few years now.
It had a couple of PDFs there by default, and I never touched them, until now. Deleted them, safely disconnected the drive (as usual), everything seemed to be okay. Next time I connect it, it complains about not being able to reach that PDF file.
I searched online about this error, and most people say it means the drive is broken (?). Is that really the case though? Can it break from losing a PDF file?
Anyway, I need help recovering whatever files I have on it. I tried some solutions I saw online, but no result.
First of all, Gnome Disks says the drive is okay. Fsck command does nothing.
sudo smartctl -d sat -a output
Also ran journalctl, and I believe this is the part where sh*t hits the fan:
I'm not a techie person, can somebody help me make sense of this? I've had another drive failure before, and that time I had to download a Windows XP iso to run a repair tool in a virtual machine. I don't wanna have to do that again.
UPDATE: sudo ntfsfix output:
Mounting volume... OK Processing of $MFT and $MFTMirr completed successfully. Checking the alternate boot sector... OK NTFS volume version is 3.1. NTFS partition /dev/sdb1 was processed successfully.
UPDATE 2:
I was able to cd into the drive via terminal. Is there a way I can move all the contents of it out into my system if I don't remember the names of all the folders?
UPDATE 3:
I figured out how to list contents of the folder with the ls command and now copying folders one by one with the mv command. Issue seems to be resolved.
Aight, so I've always used the default terminal on any OS I use, from macOS and Ubuntu to Arch. I've configured the stock terminal to suit my style and productivity, but I have been interested as to why people switch to a different terminal?
I like my OS to be clean and not contain programs that do the same thing, so I've never found there to be any use for a different terminal as it makes the original obsolete and now clutter.
I guess I just want to hear a good argument for downloading a different terminal? other than the classic:
"the default one sucks!" - okay but why?
"it uses GPU acceleration" - yeah but I dont find it valuable for my personal application
"full customization" - I mean thats nice, but I can customize my stock terminal with a pretty decent amount of control..
"(insert terminal name here) is actively developed on so its more secure and you get new features" -okay so thats the only real compelling argument currently..
I am preparing some images for AI training, and I need to crop them (to squares) and blur out stuff. I love the clean UI of Shotwell (and being able to move from image to image), but I'm missing some features. Can anyone recommend something?