/r/latin

Photograph via snooOG

This is a community for discussions related to the Latin language.

Rules

  1. Make it about Latin.
  2. All translation requests into Latin go in the pinned post.
  3. Machine translators and AI are not reliable.
  4. Show prior effort when requesting help with assignments.
  5. Be kind and argue in good faith.
  6. Demonstrate care and thought when posting.

FAQ

  • What Is Latin?
  • The language used natively by the Romans and later as an auxiliary language by the intellectual elites of Europe and the Roman Catholic Church.
  • Are There Different Kinds of Latin?
    • Latin is commonly classified into chronological strata: Archaic Latin, Old Latin, Classical Latin, Late Latin, Medieval Latin, and Neo-Latin. All of the eras after Classical Latin tended to refer back to it as a standard. Terms such as “legal Latin” and “scientific Latin” do not refer to versions of the language, only to the partial incorporation of Latin within certain domains.
  • How Is Latin Pronounced?
    • The pronunciation of Latin has varied significantly across time and place. The most common pronunciation scheme in academic institutions is the reconstructed pronunciation of Classical Latin, an attempt to reproduce the way Latin was spoken in Rome in the Classical period. Here is a recitation of In Catilinam by a skilled speaker. Here is a recitation of Petrarch's De Ascensu Montis Ventosi by a different speaker using a slightly different reconstruction (Calabrese) of Latin vowels.
    • Also popular is the ecclesiastical pronunciation of Latin, used in the Catholic Church and in music. It follows the traditional Italian pronunciation of Latin. Here is a priest reciting Augustine's Confessions. Here is a choir singing the hymn Pange Lingua Gloriosi.
    • Various regional pronunciations of Latin flourished throughout the Middle Ages, some of which still have currency in the present.
    • When Latin phrases are inserted into a modern language, often those languages will treat the Latin according to its own rules, as in the traditional English pronunciation.
  • What Curricula Can I Use To Learn Latin On My Own?
    • Effective language learning requires above all else a high volume of comprehensible input, that is, messages that can be understood by the learner. There are a variety of ways that can occur. A thorough explanation of comprehensible input and how it applies to Latin autodidacts can be found here.
    • Reading-based curricula seek to deliver comprehensible input by using some amount of Latin from the start and gradually increasing the vocabulary, diversity of forms, and complexity of sentences. Popular reading-based curricula include Lingua Latina Per Se Illustrata; Cambridge Latin Course; Oxford Latin Course; Via Latina; Latin Via Ovid; and Suburani.
    • Other curricula exist based more on memorizing discrete grammatical concepts than on delivering a large volume of comprehensible input. Some of these include Moreland & Fleischer, Wheelock’s Latin, and Learn to Read Latin.
    • The moderators of this subreddit endorse Lingua Latina Per Se Illustrata as the best overall curriculum. However, independent learners should read our Guide to LLPSI before beginning.
  • What Resources Exist Other than Textbooks?
    • It is not necessary to follow a single curriculum from start to finish, though that may be easier. Any program of progressively more difficult comprehensible input can work. For example, one redditor created this list that doubles as a tracking worksheet.
    • The app Legentibus by Latinitium offers high-quality books and audiobooks, mostly directed toward beginners.
    • YouTube channels featuring accessible spoken Latin
    • Novellas aimed at beginners
  • Can I Take Courses Online?
    • A number of qualified teachers and institutions exist offering remote learning options. See this comparison of options made in 2023.
  • Is DuoLingo Good?
    • No. It's a supplement for vocabulary and grammar practice, but cannot serve as a self-contained language course. It is incomplete and frequently rejects correct answers based on word order. Be careful when generalizing from its examples.
  • Are Machine Translators Good?
    • Most machine translators still frequently produce flawed and nonsensical Latin. Recent large language models such as ChatGPT have shown promise in producing and teaching Latin, but a beginner is not in a good position to evaluate their output.
  • What Other Communities Exist For Latin Enthusiasts?
    • The Latin Discord and LLPSI Discord offer support to learners and opportunities for everyday communication (including conversational Latin).
    • Various Facebook groups exist, but r/latin does not maintain a list.
  • Where Can I Find Things in Latin To Read?
    • The Packard Humanities Institute contains most of the Classical Latin corpus in a searchable format, though the texts are not always the current critical editions
    • Perseus Digital Library contains a similar searchable corpus, somewhat broader in scope
    • The Latin Library is an eclectic collection of Latin works in a plain-text format. There are occasional errors and the sources are sometimes unclear.
    • Corpus Corporum is a database containing a large number of late antique and medieval Latin works. The search function is currently broken.
    • Post-Reformation Digital Library contains thousands of links to digitized editions of early modern works. In Advanced Search there is a field to filter by language.
  • What are reliable online resources?
  • Is There a Master Resource List?
  • /r/latin

    109,065 Subscribers

    2

    appositional use in accusative

    in the sense of "make someone happy" Ive heard that an ut clause is ok but I was wondering whether

    facere aliquem (esse) felicem / facere aliquem lacrimantem

    is doable in that it's almost like a quasi oratio obliqua, I've known that "rogare aliquid aliquem" is a legit phrase but my dilemma is in knowing the subtle differences between the two

    slight update I know appositions can take participles and oratio obliqua needs an infinitive, but idk if the former is viable as a latij construction

    0 Comments
    2025/02/02
    06:00 UTC

    1

    Parsing line from Phaedrus "serae" locative?

    Quae se laudari gaudent verbis subdolis,

    serae dant poenas turpi paenitentia.

    English translation

    Those who rejoice when they are praised with deceitful words sooner or later pay the penalty with shameful regret.

    My question is about the word "serae". It seems to be used adverbially in the sense of later. Is this one of the occasional uses of the locative?

    3 Comments
    2025/02/02
    05:39 UTC

    2

    Thomas Aquinas

    Did Thomas Aquinas actually write 'hominem unius libri timeo' ??

    3 Comments
    2025/02/02
    03:05 UTC

    5

    How do we know if a vowel is naturally long if it's included in a syllable that is long by position?

    I would assume that scansion couldn't tell you if the vowel was naturally long. However, naturally long and short vowels are distinguished even when the syllable is long by position. But how do linguists know?

    2 Comments
    2025/02/02
    00:59 UTC

    6

    Cānticum nunc, o populī Turris Anoris!

    Cānticum nunc, o populī Turris Anoris,
    Nām Regnum Saurōnis in aeternum termināvit,
    Et Turris Obscūra deiecta est.

    Cānticum et jubilātis, o populī Turris Custodiāe,
    Nām vigiliae vestrae fūtile nōn fuit,
    Et Porta Nīgra fracta est,
    Et rēx vester per eam intrāvit,
    Et victor est.

    Cānticum et laetāminī, omnēs o Proles Occidēntis,
    Nām rēx tuus iterum adveniet,
    Et inter vōs habitābit
    Omnibus diēbus vitae vestrae.

    Et arbor ista aruit, renovābitur,
    Et ille in positās altās seret,
    Et urbs benedicētur.
    O populī, omnia cantāte!

    4 Comments
    2025/02/01
    21:54 UTC

    2

    Creating a song in latin📜

    Hi ,I'm curently working on a song with Roman and ancient aesthetic 100% written in latin! Wanna see it? https://youtube.com/@time_naut?si=nShQPEZG0mS5QPcJ

    4 Comments
    2025/02/01
    21:26 UTC

    6

    Here is the penultimate batch of neologisms from de muribus. https://www.moleboroughcollege.org/post/glossary-of-modern-words-in-latin

    21 Comments
    2025/02/01
    14:47 UTC

    3

    A Total Beginner

    Hello everyone, I’ve recently started to learn Latin so could you give me any tips or suggestions? Also it’d be nice if you can tell me some resources

    1 Comment
    2025/02/01
    00:27 UTC

    5

    MLK

    Una ex insignibus qualitatibus ducis est quod numquam—ne quidem per momentum—dubitet de facultate populi, quem ducit, ad perficiendum quidquid concipiat. Finge si Martin Luther King dixisset: 'Somnium habeo.' Certe, nēsciō an illi homines hoc perficere valeant.

    0 Comments
    2025/02/01
    06:29 UTC

    28

    Would getting to a high level in Latin reduce time to fluency in modern Romance languages?

    I recently finished reading Familia Romana and will be tackling the other supplementary LLPSI books + Fabulae Faciles and Ad Alpes soon before I continue on with Roma Aeterna and, of course, Latin literature. In other words, I’m studying Latin because I’m interested in Latin. I absolutely love the language! And I’m not interested in justifying studying Latin because of its benefits to language learning in general.

    That being said, the Dreaming Spanish curriculum (https://www.dreamingspanish.com/method) claims that “Speakers of other romance languages can divide the amount of required hours by 2”.

    Would Latin fall under this umbrella? Do I get an automatic “multiplier”applied for Spanish and French for eventually getting to a high level in Latin? I would like to study those languages once my Latin is in a good spot, so the answer doesn’t really affect my plans, but it would be extra motivating to know that I can apply some of what I know to modern languages, even if there is some semantic drift. It would also be helpful to know if I can plan for a somewhat shortened timeline for those languages.

    I know modern Romance language speakers often say they can follow along on videos of the earlier LLPSI chapters without having studied Latin before, simply because it’s so similar to their own language. Does the same go in the reverse? Would love to hear any data or personal experiences.

    30 Comments
    2025/02/01
    04:35 UTC

    24

    People who took latin in high school how was it? was it a help in getting into it and was it hard.

    I live in the US and am going into highschool. I need to pick a language and I'm deciding between either french and latin and I'm leaning more to latin than french but idk. I've heard people talk about that especially in the US they take 4 years of a language and then never use it. Not that i would use latin in my everyday life but I think it would be cool to know it, not really professionally but as more a hobby yk. I know that there is a lot to memorise grammar wise and my grammar in english already sucks so idk if I'll be any good at it but I'd still like to try.

    20 Comments
    2025/02/01
    02:01 UTC

    5

    Ius Quiritium vs Civitas Romanus

    I'm working on a translation of a correspondence between Pliny and Trajan where Pliny asks for the emperor to grant citizenship to his (male) doctor, and "Ius Quiritium" to several freewomen.

    Quare rogo des ei civitatem Romanam...Item rogo des ius Quiritium libertis Antoniae Maximillae, ornatissimae feminae, Hediae et Antoniae Harmeridi

    He also uses the same language in another letter where he thanks Trajan for granting his request:

    Ago gratias, domine, quod et ius Quiritium libertis necessariae mihi feminae et civitatem Romanam Arpocrati, iatraliptae meo, sine mora indulsisti.

    I assume the distinction between Arpocras and the women is because the latter would lack the full political rights afforded to male citizens, and understand that "Quirites" is used to refer to Romans in their civil capacity, as opposed to military, but am unsure how to render this into english. Would something like "civil rights" or "rights of civilians" be proper?

    3 Comments
    2025/02/01
    01:34 UTC

    24

    A buddy has been chanting "Ave dominus tenebrarum, manifestetur tuus infernus e imple me potestate hora hac" but nothing is happening, does he have a grammatical mistake somewhere?

    Asking for a friend. Also, is Optimus Prime Latin? Thanks!

    19 Comments
    2025/02/01
    01:26 UTC

    100

    Latin For Today by Gray and Jenkins (1928)

    Hey! Recently I found this first-year book published in 1928 year, and I always wanted to start learning Latin, but as this book is almost century old, I wonder if It would be good for the start and should I buy it?

    (And if Anyone can tell me, what the drawing on the book cover means?)

    7 Comments
    2025/01/31
    22:24 UTC

    10

    App to learn latin

    Hey guys, to sum up it is the title, but to be honest I need I should get LLPSI or something similar yet I cant really afford it so I would love if anyone knows apps(in apple(sorry))other than duolingo, cause duh(dont get me wrong)it sucks for grammar tbf, so good night,evening and morning for all!

    12 Comments
    2025/01/31
    18:38 UTC

    4

    Questions about Colloquia Personarum

    I've tried looking at previous posts on the sub, but most of the time it is just said that colloquia personarum is "essential" or "handy". Do I really need it? How much value is in it? Isn't it just further reading practice of the new grammar introduced in each chapter? Would you say that listening to it on the ScorpioMartianus youtube channel orovides the same value as reading it?

    5 Comments
    2025/01/31
    17:19 UTC

    5

    Latin resources for native spanish speakers

    I'm curious about whether is Latin resources for spanish speakers. I'm Mexican and I haven't found any book, nor website, etc. for a spanish speaker. Do you know if there's any?

    4 Comments
    2025/01/31
    15:55 UTC

    6

    Familia Romana, CAP XXIX, 132-133

    Why is "pudet" not "pudeo"? Is not Lydia speaking of her own shame? I do not understand how it is possible to be speaking here in the third person.

    5 Comments
    2025/01/31
    12:10 UTC

    4

    Hello, i dont know where to ask anymore so i have come to the latin subreddit, you guys are my last hope lmao

    So basically, i have like 100 photos of acts of birth of possibly my family back from the 1800s with info about these people, thats cool and all but the thing is its written in cursive latin that neither I, or any AI can read, i have already asked on the genealogy subreddit but nobody was really up for the task so i have come here as my last hope, would anybody be up to transcribe/translate the text's atleast partially? you can respond in this thread or PM me i dont really mind, heres an example of what they look like https://imgur.com/a/RP5ehba If not translating, can you please atleast teach me how to read these? as most of them is repetetive, i know only singular words like the agri/agro which means farmer

    6 Comments
    2025/01/31
    11:35 UTC

    13

    Translation of Irama "Ovunque Sarai" into Latin.

    Irama's ovunque sarai, my own translation into Latin.

    Se sarai vento, canterai

    Si ventus eris, cantabis

    Se sarai acqua, brillerai

    si eris aqua, lucebis

    Se sarai ciò che sarò

    si eris, quod ero

    E se sarai tempo, ti aspetterò, per sempre

    et si tempus eris, te semper exspectabo

    Se sarai luce, scalderai

    si eris lux, calefacies

    Se sarai luna, ti vedrò

    Si eris luna, te videbo

    E se sarai qui non lo saprò

    Ac si huc eris, nesciam

    Ma se sei tu, lo sentirò

    Et si tu es, sentiam


    Ovunque sarai, ovunque sarò

    ubique eris, ubique ero

    In ogni gesto io ti cercherò

    omnibus gestibus te petam

    Se non ci sarai, io lo capirò

    Si non eris, intellegam

    E nel silenzio io ti ascolterò

    Et in taciturnitate, te audiam


    Se sarò in terra, mi alzerai

    Si in terra ero, me tolles

    Se farà freddo, brucerai

    Si frigidus erit, ardebis

    E lo so che mi puoi sentire

    Et scio quod me sentire potes


    Dove ogni anima ha un colore

    Ubi omnis anima habet colorem

    Ogni lacrima ha il tuo nome

    nomen tuum habet omnis lacrima

    Se tornerai qui, se mai, lo sai

    Si huc redibis, si umquam, scis

    Che io ti aspetterò

    quod te exspectabo


    Ovunque sarai, ovunque sarò

    ubique eris, ubique ero

    In ogni gesto io ti cercherò

    omnibus gestibus ego petam

    Se non ci sarai, io lo capirò

    Si non eris, intellegam

    E nel silenzio io ti ascolterò

    Et in silentio, te audiam

    Io ti ascolterò

    Ego te audiam


    Se sarai vento, canterai

    Si ventus eris, cantabis


    I will post on my Reddit profile, as I do not want to spam this subreddit too much. I'll do "Ali", "Galassie", "Tu No", most of his "Il giorno in cui ho smesso di pensare" roster and other Italian songs.

    1 Comment
    2025/01/31
    11:04 UTC

    34

    Question about "se" and its uses in a sentence

    Came across this sentence in LLPSI today:

    "Quomodo se habet pes tuus hodie?"

    I understand this sentence and that "se" refers back to the subject - pes, but my question would be, can't this sentence already functions without the "se"?

    Like, why do we have to use a "se" there, does the sentence "Quomodo pes tuus habet hodie?" work?

    6 Comments
    2025/01/31
    07:45 UTC

    3

    English to Latin Resources?

    I am just wondering if there is a good source for finding good translations of English words in Latin. I used to use William Whitaker's Words for it, but unfortunately they removed that feature. Thanks!

    6 Comments
    2025/01/31
    04:03 UTC

    5

    Comprehensive list of 3rd Declension Words?

    Hi all,

    I am looking for a comprehensive list of 3rd declension words, both I-stem and not I-stem? Do any of y'all know of one I can use? I knew of one a year ago but I can't seem to find it anymore.

    The help would be greatly appreciated! Thank you!

    3 Comments
    2025/01/31
    01:20 UTC

    2

    Is there a public domain copy of Francesco Patrizi of Siena's De Institutione Reipublicae or De Regno et Regis Institutione? Preferably with an English translation?

    0 Comments
    2025/01/30
    23:16 UTC

    2

    Help deciphering a 16th century archival note written on a medieval charter

    Hello, for some time I've been trying to identify a word written on the back of a medieval charter. For context, it's a chirographic deed describing an exchange between a small monastery and a house of the Order of the Hospital, both unknown and located in southern Burgundy. The deed itself is undated, but the type of writing suggests that it must date from somewhere in the 12th century. I enclose both pictures of the front and back of the charter.

    The longest note (left) poses no problem and appears to be contemporary with the deed: Littera de donacione de terris et pratis de Boye et de tercia parte nemoris Roone (or Roon, it is not clear whether the final letter is a median point or the stroke of a final e).

    The shortest note (right) is a number: 102.

    The middle note, on the other hand, poses difficulties. The handwriting suggests that it dates from around the sixteenth century. I can only read a few of the letters (I indicate the illegible ones with dots): C....eptus.

    Can any of you decipher the rest? Or do these these letters evoke something in particular? It would probably be a word relating to an action, perhaps the organisation of archives, a count, a recolement...

    Thanks !

    ADSL H 142/5, back of charter

    ADSL H 142/5, front of charter

    1 Comment
    2025/01/30
    22:49 UTC

    10

    Vigilanter melodum

    1 Comment
    2025/01/30
    21:31 UTC

    12

    Three Latin stories about some very clever animals

    1 Comment
    2025/01/30
    20:51 UTC

    67

    Would the Latin spoken by Charlemagne and the Latin spoken by Augustus Caesar be similar enough that they would be able to understand each other in a conversation?

    This is a question that I've had for a while I know that both of these famous historical Emperors were fluent in Latin but they lived hundreds of years apart. Would the Latin that they spoke be similar enough that they could understand each other?

    23 Comments
    2025/01/30
    19:36 UTC

    4

    Novus

    I've just received my copy of Wheelock's Latin (6th ed.)

    My language background is a bit of a mixed bag. Native English speaker, some Python (completely different beast, I know), and I can get by in French – mostly picked it up through music. The arts, especially poetry and music, are a big part of my life, and I suspect that'll influence my approach to Latin.

    Planning on using Anki for spaced repetition(Worked for me before). The etymological side of Latin really intrigues me. I'm no academic, but I've got the drive to learn (and a healthy dose of Stoicism has helped me through some dark times).

    So, I'm at the very beginning of this journey. Any advice for a newbie?

    Also, if anyone's feeling generous, I'd love a bit of encouragement(In Latin of course).

    3 Comments
    2025/01/30
    17:51 UTC

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