/r/latin

Photograph via snooOG

This is a community for discussions related to the Latin language.

Rules

  1. Make it about Latin.
  2. All translation requests into Latin go in the pinned post.
  3. Machine translators and AI are not reliable.
  4. Show prior effort when requesting help with assignments.
  5. Be kind and argue in good faith.
  6. Demonstrate care and thought when posting.

FAQ

  • What Is Latin?
  • The language used natively by the Romans and later as an auxiliary language by the intellectual elites of Europe and the Roman Catholic Church.
  • Are There Different Kinds of Latin?
    • Latin is commonly classified into chronological strata: Archaic Latin, Old Latin, Classical Latin, Late Latin, Medieval Latin, and Neo-Latin. All of the eras after Classical Latin tended to refer back to it as a standard. Terms such as “legal Latin” and “scientific Latin” do not refer to versions of the language, only to the partial incorporation of Latin within certain domains.
  • How Is Latin Pronounced?
    • The pronunciation of Latin has varied significantly across time and place. The most common pronunciation scheme in academic institutions is the reconstructed pronunciation of Classical Latin, an attempt to reproduce the way Latin was spoken in Rome in the Classical period. Here is a recitation of In Catilinam by a skilled speaker. Here is a recitation of Petrarch's De Ascensu Montis Ventosi by a different speaker using a slightly different reconstruction (Calabrese) of Latin vowels.
    • Also popular is the ecclesiastical pronunciation of Latin, used in the Catholic Church and in music. It follows the traditional Italian pronunciation of Latin. Here is a priest reciting Augustine's Confessions. Here is a choir singing the hymn Pange Lingua Gloriosi.
    • Various regional pronunciations of Latin flourished throughout the Middle Ages, some of which still have currency in the present.
    • When Latin phrases are inserted into a modern language, often those languages will treat the Latin according to its own rules, as in the traditional English pronunciation.
  • What Curricula Can I Use To Learn Latin On My Own?
    • Effective language learning requires above all else a high volume of comprehensible input, that is, messages that can be understood by the learner. There are a variety of ways that can occur. A thorough explanation of comprehensible input and how it applies to Latin autodidacts can be found here.
    • Reading-based curricula seek to deliver comprehensible input by using some amount of Latin from the start and gradually increasing the vocabulary, diversity of forms, and complexity of sentences. Popular reading-based curricula include Lingua Latina Per Se Illustrata; Cambridge Latin Course; Oxford Latin Course; Via Latina; Latin Via Ovid; and Suburani.
    • Other curricula exist based more on memorizing discrete grammatical concepts than on delivering a large volume of comprehensible input. Some of these include Moreland & Fleischer, Wheelock’s Latin, and Learn to Read Latin.
    • The moderators of this subreddit endorse Lingua Latina Per Se Illustrata as the best overall curriculum. However, independent learners should read our Guide to LLPSI before beginning.
  • What Resources Exist Other than Textbooks?
    • It is not necessary to follow a single curriculum from start to finish, though that may be easier. Any program of progressively more difficult comprehensible input can work. For example, one redditor created this list that doubles as a tracking worksheet.
    • The app Legentibus by Latinitium offers high-quality books and audiobooks, mostly directed toward beginners.
    • YouTube channels featuring accessible spoken Latin
    • Novellas aimed at beginners
  • Can I Take Courses Online?
    • A number of qualified teachers and institutions exist offering remote learning options. See this comparison of options made in 2023.
  • Is DuoLingo Good?
    • No. It's a supplement for vocabulary and grammar practice, but cannot serve as a self-contained language course. It is incomplete and frequently rejects correct answers based on word order. Be careful when generalizing from its examples.
  • Are Machine Translators Good?
    • Most machine translators still frequently produce flawed and nonsensical Latin. Recent large language models such as ChatGPT have shown promise in producing and teaching Latin, but a beginner is not in a good position to evaluate their output.
  • What Other Communities Exist For Latin Enthusiasts?
    • The Latin Discord and LLPSI Discord offer support to learners and opportunities for everyday communication (including conversational Latin).
    • Various Facebook groups exist, but r/latin does not maintain a list.
  • Where Can I Find Things in Latin To Read?
    • The Packard Humanities Institute contains most of the Classical Latin corpus in a searchable format, though the texts are not always the current critical editions
    • Perseus Digital Library contains a similar searchable corpus, somewhat broader in scope
    • The Latin Library is an eclectic collection of Latin works in a plain-text format. There are occasional errors and the sources are sometimes unclear.
    • Corpus Corporum is a database containing a large number of late antique and medieval Latin works. The search function is currently broken.
    • Post-Reformation Digital Library contains thousands of links to digitized editions of early modern works. In Advanced Search there is a field to filter by language.
  • What are reliable online resources?
  • Is There a Master Resource List?
  • /r/latin

    95,743 Subscribers

    3

    Music search problems

    "I'm struggling to find Latin music that I like because most of the search results are for Mexican music, which is not what I'm looking for. Can you suggest some specific words or phrases that I can use to refine my search?"

    1 Comment
    2024/05/01
    03:38 UTC

    10

    Just finished a year of accelerated Latin and I don’t feel like I actually know anything

    Like ok I can look at an accusative noun and 3/5 times be like yep that’s an accusative or some such but I don’t feel like I actually know any of the language. I studied Spanish for two years and by the end of the first semester I felt like I actually knew more of the language than I do with Latin right now. I don’t know if it’s just how the language is taught or if it’s something not clicking with me but it’s frustrating and I just kind of wish I knew more. But to keep this from just being a whine fest if anybody has any good advice or maybe some book recommendations that would be lovely. I have made it through Wheelocks now and also have a copy of Lingua Latina that I’m hoping to start reading at some point too. Thanks and I hope you all are having a lovely day!

    7 Comments
    2024/05/01
    01:21 UTC

    1

    Aeneid Book 5 line 414 Scansion

    Hello all, I am a bit confused about the scansion in line 414 here. It is as follows:

    hīs magnum Alcīden contrā stetit, hīs ego suētus

    I figured the scansion was as follows:

    •  -       /       -   - / -    - /   -    u u  /  -   u u  u/ - -

    hīs magn(um) Alcīden contrā stetit, hīs ego suētus

    Is there a synaeresis I am missing in the fifth foot? The fifth foot seems wrong to me.

    0 Comments
    2024/05/01
    01:05 UTC

    10

    what is your favourite latin word/phrase?

    Salvete omnes!

    I’m a highschool student who has just started taking Latin this year and I’m absolutely in love with it.

    The best part, at least in my opinion, is discovering different words/phrases with interesting meanings or origins, or Latin/Roman terms that have found their way into other languages such as English or Romance languages. I think ‘heliogábalo’ making its way into Spanish as a word meaning glutton is one of my absolute favourites.

    So, if you have any favourites please let me know!!

    Thank you! (I don’t know how to properly thank a group of people yet… all in due time, I guess.)

    12 Comments
    2024/05/01
    00:45 UTC

    3

    Spoken Latin At Colleges/Universities

    Salvete,

    I was wondering, as someone who wants to study classics and is at the age of applying to college, what colleges have spoken Latin curriculum?

    I’ve tried to search online but my attempts have been fruitless.

    I want to know what places not only have good classics and Latin, but also incorporate aspects of spoken Latin into their courses.

    vobis gratias ago

    3 Comments
    2024/05/01
    00:24 UTC

    1

    Combining elements like indirect statements, relative pronoun clauses, and the subjunctive.

    When using multiple different grammatical structures in Latin, how are each of them changed? For instance, I want to say something along the lines of "A man once said that a schoolboy who learns Greek in order to finish school will one day become an adult who loves Sophocles". Would the relative pronoun modifying "schoolboy" be in the accusative? Would the subjunctive verb change? Thank you.

    In mapping the sentence out, I have this so far (thank you for corrections!)

    Vir inquit puerum qui discit grammaticum Graecum ut perficat ludum mutare virum qui diligit Sophoclem.

    (In bold is my attempt at some relative clauses)

    1 Comment
    2024/04/30
    21:38 UTC

    6

    The end of the Story of Perseus in SIMPLE LATIN!

    0 Comments
    2024/04/30
    21:19 UTC

    4

    ancilla vs. auxiliatrix

    Ok so it's been around a year or so since I studied Latin, but i've been thinking about the difference in translations between ancilla and auxiliatrix. i know ancilla specifically refers to a young female slave, but would auxiliatrix then be an adult slave? from my limited research online, auxiliatrix refers to a helper but would that denote some kind of employment? if anyone has more insight into this i would love to hear it!

    2 Comments
    2024/04/30
    20:30 UTC

    60

    Does the Latin mean anything or just garbage?

    This is an old unit patch I got in 2003 while deployed overseas. I was told it meant something like “terror to the terrorists” but not sure.

    12 Comments
    2024/04/30
    19:07 UTC

    2

    Sabrepit?

    I am currently attempting to translate the following sentence from Petrus Damianus:

    Quandoquidem meum te angelum esse constitui, ut in dubiis rebus quodcunque haesitanti ac sciscitanti mihi consilium ex tuo ore procederet, ita protinus indubitanter acciperem ac si vox mihi coelestis oraculi angelitus intonaret: atque ideo si quando scrupulose cujuslibet rei mihi sabrepit articulus, antequam te consulturus accedam, hoc apud me divinam imploro clementiam; ut te quasi suae voluntatis organum faciens, tuo mihi ore praecipiat quid me facere in objecta ambiguitate deccruat(?): quam et nunc quoque consuetudinem tenens, hoc a te docendus inquiro, quod a multis saepe quasi responsurus inquirentibus exigor.

    I cannot for the life of me determine the meaning or origin of "sabrepit." Perhaps it is a perfect stem, and thus appearing nowhere? Any assistance would be greatly appreciated, as I have already exhausted my dictionaries and several different online sources.

    Pax vobiscum

    5 Comments
    2024/04/30
    18:39 UTC

    17

    ‘frangit non frangitur’. emblema ex Hispanica Iusti Lipsii De Constantia librorum duorum interpretatione Hispali anno MDCXVI edita

    6 Comments
    2024/04/30
    15:42 UTC

    1

    Seneca's phrase about Fate

    1 Comment
    2024/04/30
    13:15 UTC

    2

    Help with inscription

    First posting here and please redirect me if this is not be right forum:

    The following is part of an inscription in the wine cellar of a private residence in Tuscany which dates back to 1573. Most of the Latin inscription is translated but would like to know what is in the short section in these two photos.

    https://preview.redd.it/l7wag2wa2mxc1.jpg?width=3024&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=2a3b041ff908285bf5e6a03b81f28f2f1b5ee727

    https://preview.redd.it/0xlqw2wa2mxc1.jpg?width=3024&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=52700301c20e0e61ed1f9f7ace7c6dafbd6bc8f8

    3 Comments
    2024/04/30
    12:37 UTC

    4

    Familial apostrophes in Ancient Rome

    Salvēte omnēs,

    I was wondering how would a child call their own parents while talking to them directly, in Caesar's time ? Would they call them "Domine" and "Domina" ? Or "Pater" and "Māter" ? And would the parents thus call their children by their frst name ?

    Grātiās vōbīs !

    🏛️ Prō Glōriā Rōmae Aeternae 🏛️

    2 Comments
    2024/04/30
    11:58 UTC

    4

    What does it say? (Paris, BNF, lat. 4842)

    https://preview.redd.it/1ngyipzmclxc1.png?width=952&format=png&auto=webp&s=ef3085528e076f612d3df864cd6eb674203dd433

    I can read quite well almost every words "τέλος [télos] altera die astensionis ????? /1510" or "finished on the second day of the abstention (from ?) /1510." but I cant read the last word of the line. I have some hypothesis, but nothing convinces me. Can you help me?
    Paris, BNF, lat. 4842, f. 82v (https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b10721215z/f89.item.zoom)

    6 Comments
    2024/04/30
    10:14 UTC

    5

    Doubt about meaning of the sentence

    Is the translation to the sentence "Ergo Iulius miser erat et nocte male dormiebat", "Therefore Iulius was unhappy and slept badly at night" or "Therefore Iulius was unhappy and slept poorly at night"?

    So, what I'm really asking is, does "male" give the meaning of sleeping too little or of sleeping enough hours but having a bad quality sleep?

    Maybe it's because I'm portuguese, in my language, if portuguese speakers are reading this, it would look like this : "... dormia mal de noite" vs "...mal dormia de noite".

    Thank you in advance. This sub is great.

    2 Comments
    2024/04/30
    09:53 UTC

    4

    Present participle confusion

    in the companion to LLPSI Chapter 14, the present participle is discussed like this: "puer dormiēns = puer quī dormit"

    we're told the participle "keeps verbal functions, e.g., it may take an object in the accusative": and the example is: "Dāvus cubiculum intrāns interrogat…"

    by "verbal functions", i figure that it's not the room entering, it's Davus entering the room—the participle takes an object here (it "keeps verbal functions")

    we're also told the participle "has an ablative singular in -e when it has verbal force" and the example is: "Parentēs ā fīliō intrante salūtantur."

    but i'm not sure if that helps me grasp the idea of "verbal force"... had the example been "Parentēs ā fīliō cubiculum intrante salūtantur." i could see how it has "verbal force" (because it has an explicit object)... but if the object is "implied" then i'm not sure i'm able to tell when i should use the -e form or the -i form...

    along these lines, if i were to rephrase the following sentence, "Dāvus puerō frīgentī tunicam et togam dat" so that Dāvus was taking the toga from the child, instead of giving it, (and thus requiring the ablative): "Dāvus ā puerō frīgentī togam sumit" i can see that the participle is functioning like an adjective (the boy is a "freezing/cold boy") and, it would seem to me, that had the sentence been rendered "Dāvus ā puerō frīgente togam sumit" it would seem to be implying that the boy was making some other (unstated) thing cold...and as such would be in error

    but without an explicit object, i'm confused. what's the functional difference between these two sentences? (and i'm not sure they're even correct—i tried to rephrase them from "Gallus canēns novum diem salūtat") * diēs novus ā gallō canenti salūtatur * diēs novus ā gallō canente salūtatur

    10 Comments
    2024/04/30
    06:13 UTC

    5

    Google Maps in Latin?

    Are there any digital maps kicking about that give the Latin names for modern cities, countries, and territories?

    I thought I saw one a few months ago, but I haven't been able to track it down anywhere, if it indeed exists.

    2 Comments
    2024/04/30
    01:48 UTC

    3

    Easy starting point

    Hi everyone! I would like to know where I can find some easy latin text that I can translate, as I am a beginner in studying the language. Thank you in advance!

    6 Comments
    2024/04/29
    23:46 UTC

    3

    why accusative here?

    in Chapter XIV there is this sentence:

    "Eō modō excitātur Mārcus, et oculōs aperiēns servum apud lectum stantem videt."

    why is "oculōs aperiēns" in the accusative? i would have expected ablative: "et (cum) oculīs aperientibus ... servum ... videt"

    7 Comments
    2024/04/29
    21:33 UTC

    25

    Can you help me translate this sentence?

    10 years before our parents lived here...and I lose it.

    7 Comments
    2024/04/29
    19:07 UTC

    1

    Moreland and Fleischer mistake?

    The given Latin text in M & F is:

    Dāmnātus cuiusdam sceleris, mē quae esset poena nōn accēpisse fassus sum.

    The translation seems to be:

    Condemned for a certain crime, I confessed that I didn't hear what the punishment was.

    My question has to do with accēpisse. Shouldn't it be accēpissem, indicating first-person singular pluperfect subjunctive? accēpisse is the perfect active infinitive of accipere.

    4 Comments
    2024/04/29
    19:05 UTC

    2

    Please Help With a Tricky Sentence in Pugio Bruti

    I am struggling with: "'Subiratus,' inquit Oeneus, 'esse videbaris, nihil enim aliud iam diu intueris quam poculum tuum, quasi vinum malum sit.'"

    The notes say that "nihil aliud quam" means "nothing other than" and "quasi vinum malum sit" means "as if the wine is bad" but I'm struggling to see how it can all fit.

    I think Oeneus starts by saying "You were seeming annoyed" but then I really don't know how the second part works. I think maybe it is that he (not Oeneus) was looking for a long time at nothing other than his cup, as if the wine was bad, but I'm not really sure about how to make a real translation of that sentence. I'll appreciate if anyone could help.

    2 Comments
    2024/04/29
    17:56 UTC

    8

    Latin Etymology Dictionaries

    Can anyone recommend Latin etymology dictionaries? I wanted to have a physical copy, but you can also recommend online editions. Thanks in advance!

    6 Comments
    2024/04/29
    14:30 UTC

    0

    Trying to translate that song to Latin, any help?

    I heard the song Goddess (actually this french cover), and, as I found none cover in latin, I started to try to translate it, because I thought that it would be cool. But, there is a little problem with that, I never even studied latin seriously.

    Of course I know something, especially because I speak a romance language, but I only have a superficial knowledge. So, I used some dictionaries and some youtube latin classes to make it (at least I'm liking how its going).

    Some suggestions or corrections?

    OriginalLATINLatin
    Welcome us with your lightDA·NOBIS·LVCEM·TVAMDā nōbis lūcem tuam,
    Grace the morning skyQVAE·(EST)·DE·OMNI·GRATIAQuae de omnī grātiā.
    Comfort LunaSOLARE·LVNAMSōlāre Lūnam, quae
    As she wanes from Terra's mightQVAE·RVATVR·TERRAE·POTENTIARuātur Terrae potentiā.
    Veiled in amber hazeTECTA·CALIGO·AVREATēcta cālīgō aurea,
    Fueled by violent rageONERATA·FVRIAEOnerāta furiae
    Dancing discordantATQUE·DISSENTANEEAtque, dissentāneē,
    Spinning in retrogradeBALLAT·RETROGRADATEBallat retrōgradātē!
    Born from the seaEX·MARIS·VNDAEx maris unda
    And the wavesNATA·ESTNata est,
    From a cosmic arrayE·CEALESTE·NEBVLAĒ caeleste nebula.
    Of the colors in spaceTVVM·DECVS·NOBIS·MERETORTuum decus nōbis merētor,
    Nothingness erasedO·TERRAE·SORORŌ, Terrae soror.
    Come dance with herBLABLABLA·BLABLABLA(I dont know what sing here)
    In the starsBLABLABLA(I dont know what sing here)
    Watch her transit afarBLABLABLA·BLABLABLA(I dont know what sing here)
    Crossing Sol's burning gazeET·PER·FLAMMIS·SOLISEt per flammīs Sōlis,
    Venus sets ablazeVENVS·INCENDITVenus incendit!
    2 Comments
    2024/04/29
    12:46 UTC

    4

    Why are these verbs in Infinitive?

    Another question to a sentence out of the bellum africum:

    Qui equites Iuliani pauci multitudine hostium defessi equis convulneratis paulatim cedere, hostis magis magisque instare.

    Why are cedere and instare an Infinitive here. I was checking like every phenomenon which requires infinitives or infitinive constructions, even was checkint in the grammar book of Kühner Stegmann (which is probably the best german Version you can consult), but I didnt find anything that helped me.?

    2 Comments
    2024/04/29
    06:33 UTC

    1

    Do I need to actually write down the Exercitia?

    I plan on finally finishing up Familia Romana during the summertime when I'm away from college in these coming months, and plan to go through the whole thing in about three months. I've gone through the first ten chapters before, but want to go through them all again since it's been awhile. My goal is to go through all of Familia Romana, having written down the Pensa correctly, in about four months. Made easier by the fact that I've memorized many paradigms, gone through a latin primer, and have already gone through ten of the chapters already. Is this a reasonable goal? Don't know, but I plan on finding out.

    In the meantime I'm very much curious about the Exercitia. I didn't do them last time, focused as I was on trying to just get through the main book without anything stopping me. But I want to try them out this time and see how it goes, since it offers further improved comprehension in reading and writing. My question is whether or not I have to actually write down the exercitia, or if I can just say them aloud as I go through the workbook. I would still be thinking about and "doing" the exercitia, I just wouldn't be writing them down. I still plan on writing down the Pensa just so we're clear, but since the exercitia are so long I'm worried how much it may slow down my progress if I were to arduously write down every question and every fill in the blank for all the examples.

    Help would be appreciated, especially if based on personal experience with LLPSI and the exercitia more generally.

    6 Comments
    2024/04/29
    04:38 UTC

    29

    New Latin Story with "Sheltered" Vocabulary

    In the spirit of the Latin "novella" concept, I've started writing some stories that I call "sheltered readers," meaning they have a limited number of vocabulary words, but unrestrained grammar. This is in contract to the "graded reader" where the grammar gradually increases in difficulty.

    I've finished my second story, and I'd like to share it with anyone interested. It's inspired by The Three Little Pigs: Schamber's Tres Porci Fratres (Latin) - Fabulae Faciles

    The whole story is about 3400 words long, using 300 unique inflections, and 90 head words. It has a lot of examples of indirect speech, purpose clauses, result clauses, and conditional clauses. I feel pretty confident in my use of all of these, but I'm open to feedback.

    If you spot a typo or a grammar construct that's off (or I just totally botched how to phrase something), feel free to DM me or leave a comment, and I'll do my best to fix it. So far, I'm the only person who's proof-read it.

    Enjoy!

    16 Comments
    2024/04/28
    22:38 UTC

    0

    The modern meaning of "Hostis Humani Generis" - "Enemy of All Mankind" on the back window of a vehicle?

    There is a vehicle I frequently see that has this phrase in large font on the back window. Is there a modern meaning or association connected to this? I realize that the direct translation is Enemy of all Mankind but is there a group or ideology that uses this as their slogan? I have googled and speculated maybe:

    • They are/were a sailor in the Navy or own a sailboat
    • They are former military just trying to project being a badass or something but did not have veteran plates IIRC
    • They think of themselves as a pirate of sorts, anti-mainstream, not like the other sheeple
    • They are a Cybersecurity professional
    • They like to download lots of bootleg movies
    • It's a brand of clothing I don't know about
    • It's some kind of organization, like hardcore conservative, prepper, or neonazi
    • They just want to feel like they are better than others with a cryptic phrase only understood by some

    Anybody know?

    8 Comments
    2024/04/28
    22:09 UTC

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