/r/latin

Photograph via snooOG

This is a community for discussions related to the Latin language.

Rules

  1. Make it about Latin.
  2. All translation requests into Latin go in the pinned post.
  3. Machine translators and AI are not reliable.
  4. Show prior effort when requesting help with assignments.
  5. Be kind and argue in good faith.
  6. Demonstrate care and thought when posting.

FAQ

  • What Is Latin?
  • The language used natively by the Romans and later as an auxiliary language by the intellectual elites of Europe and the Roman Catholic Church.
  • Are There Different Kinds of Latin?
    • Latin is commonly classified into chronological strata: Archaic Latin, Old Latin, Classical Latin, Late Latin, Medieval Latin, and Neo-Latin. All of the eras after Classical Latin tended to refer back to it as a standard. Terms such as “legal Latin” and “scientific Latin” do not refer to versions of the language, only to the partial incorporation of Latin within certain domains.
  • How Is Latin Pronounced?
    • The pronunciation of Latin has varied significantly across time and place. The most common pronunciation scheme in academic institutions is the reconstructed pronunciation of Classical Latin, an attempt to reproduce the way Latin was spoken in Rome in the Classical period. Here is a recitation of In Catilinam by a skilled speaker. Here is a recitation of Petrarch's De Ascensu Montis Ventosi by a different speaker using a slightly different reconstruction (Calabrese) of Latin vowels.
    • Also popular is the ecclesiastical pronunciation of Latin, used in the Catholic Church and in music. It follows the traditional Italian pronunciation of Latin. Here is a priest reciting Augustine's Confessions. Here is a choir singing the hymn Pange Lingua Gloriosi.
    • Various regional pronunciations of Latin flourished throughout the Middle Ages, some of which still have currency in the present.
    • When Latin phrases are inserted into a modern language, often those languages will treat the Latin according to its own rules, as in the traditional English pronunciation.
  • What Curricula Can I Use To Learn Latin On My Own?
    • Effective language learning requires above all else a high volume of comprehensible input, that is, messages that can be understood by the learner. There are a variety of ways that can occur. A thorough explanation of comprehensible input and how it applies to Latin autodidacts can be found here.
    • Reading-based curricula seek to deliver comprehensible input by using some amount of Latin from the start and gradually increasing the vocabulary, diversity of forms, and complexity of sentences. Popular reading-based curricula include Lingua Latina Per Se Illustrata; Cambridge Latin Course; Oxford Latin Course; Via Latina; Latin Via Ovid; and Suburani.
    • Other curricula exist based more on memorizing discrete grammatical concepts than on delivering a large volume of comprehensible input. Some of these include Moreland & Fleischer, Wheelock’s Latin, and Learn to Read Latin.
    • The moderators of this subreddit endorse Lingua Latina Per Se Illustrata as the best overall curriculum. However, independent learners should read our Guide to LLPSI before beginning.
  • What Resources Exist Other than Textbooks?
    • It is not necessary to follow a single curriculum from start to finish, though that may be easier. Any program of progressively more difficult comprehensible input can work. For example, one redditor created this list that doubles as a tracking worksheet.
    • The app Legentibus by Latinitium offers high-quality books and audiobooks, mostly directed toward beginners.
    • YouTube channels featuring accessible spoken Latin
    • Novellas aimed at beginners
  • Can I Take Courses Online?
    • A number of qualified teachers and institutions exist offering remote learning options. See this comparison of options made in 2023.
  • Is DuoLingo Good?
    • No. It's a supplement for vocabulary and grammar practice, but cannot serve as a self-contained language course. It is incomplete and frequently rejects correct answers based on word order. Be careful when generalizing from its examples.
  • Are Machine Translators Good?
    • Most machine translators still frequently produce flawed and nonsensical Latin. Recent large language models such as ChatGPT have shown promise in producing and teaching Latin, but a beginner is not in a good position to evaluate their output.
  • What Other Communities Exist For Latin Enthusiasts?
    • The Latin Discord and LLPSI Discord offer support to learners and opportunities for everyday communication (including conversational Latin).
    • Various Facebook groups exist, but r/latin does not maintain a list.
  • Where Can I Find Things in Latin To Read?
    • The Packard Humanities Institute contains most of the Classical Latin corpus in a searchable format, though the texts are not always the current critical editions
    • Perseus Digital Library contains a similar searchable corpus, somewhat broader in scope
    • The Latin Library is an eclectic collection of Latin works in a plain-text format. There are occasional errors and the sources are sometimes unclear.
    • Corpus Corporum is a database containing a large number of late antique and medieval Latin works. The search function is currently broken.
    • Post-Reformation Digital Library contains thousands of links to digitized editions of early modern works. In Advanced Search there is a field to filter by language.
  • What are reliable online resources?
  • Is There a Master Resource List?
  • /r/latin

    104,216 Subscribers

    3

    Translation requests into Latin go here!

    1. Ask and answer questions about mottos, tattoos, names, book titles, lines for your poem, slogans for your bowling club’s t-shirt, etc. in the comments of this thread. Separate posts for these types of requests will be removed.
    2. Here are some examples of what types of requests this thread is for: Example #1, Example #2, Example #3, Example #4, Example #5.
    3. This thread is not for correcting longer translations and student assignments. If you have some facility with the Latin language and have made an honest attempt to translate that is NOT from Google Translate, Yandex, or any other machine translator, create a separate thread requesting to check and correct your translation: Separate thread example. Make sure to take a look at Rule 4.
    4. Previous iterations of this thread.
    5. This is not a professional translation service. The answers you get might be incorrect.
    1 Comment
    2024/11/03
    12:00 UTC

    2

    Scriptural proper nouns + declension

    Hi there, posting here as had no luck elsewhere. Am looking for a source that might provide help with proper nouns in Scripture. For instance, Ezekiel and Samuel. Asking because I’m proofing a an essay and there’s a bit of variation on these nouns in the work - at one point, a book entitled On Samuel is In Samuhelis but at another time it is In Samuelem. Ezekiel is sometimes Ezechielem or Hezechielem! No idea what the recognised genitive for Samuel is in Latin or the standardised forms of Ezekiel so some guidance would be much appreciated!

    3 Comments
    2024/11/03
    08:34 UTC

    2

    Where can I find the Cambridge latin course tests?

    I’m struggling to study and my teacher makes his exams VERY similar to the ones Cambridge latin course provides and it would be perfect as a practice test to the real one but i’m can’t find them online.

    1 Comment
    2024/11/03
    03:32 UTC

    2

    -ix suffix meaning?

    I assumed it meant "woman" because of "matrix," "aviatrix," and "dominatrix," but I can't find any confirmation of this. Sorry and thank you!

    3 Comments
    2024/11/02
    23:47 UTC

    1

    Why is it "modus operandi" and not "modus operandus"?

    Doesn't there need to be agreement?

    9 Comments
    2024/11/02
    23:04 UTC

    9

    Familia Romana on PDF or book?

    I'm thinking of studying latin with the course of @latinedisce from X, what do you guys think is the best?, having the physical copy of the Familia Romana or the PDF version?

    12 Comments
    2024/11/02
    20:43 UTC

    6

    Original usage of "totus tuus"

    I'm trying to verify whether totus tuus was a common phrase when Latin was a living language. I have an unsupported source that says it was routinely used as a sign-off in letters, often abbreviated as t.t., meaning "all yours". And that a variation was ex asse tuus. Thanks!

    2 Comments
    2024/11/02
    17:46 UTC

    3

    E-ink ereader setup for reading Latin texts

    Hi, I wonder what is your setup for ereaders for reading Latin texts? :) I used Kindle and its dictionaries in the past (I even converted some to its format) but now I tend to use KOReader (on Kindle and elsewhere) and its support for Stardict dictionaries - there is one with very good morphological parser that can be downloaded directly from KOReader and I added a couple of more, but they are without morphology.
    So I figured that I could ask here and maybe get some inspiration from your setups :).

    1 Comment
    2024/11/02
    17:36 UTC

    9

    what's the point of the -ivus/-iva/-ivum suffix?

    - captus means the same as captivus

    - fugitus means the same as fugitivus

    11 Comments
    2024/11/02
    15:54 UTC

    5

    Latin Phrases

    Are there any Latin phrases you like a lot ? Maybe philosophical ?

    10 Comments
    2024/11/02
    14:30 UTC

    10

    Need help understanding this word

    Hello friends, I come at you with a request

    For context, I am a history student, and one of our coursed demands for us to learn different Latin scripts, including the ligatures and abbreviations

    We got assigned the Beneventan script

    We had managed to do our assignment, but got stumped by one final part

    Please ignore our writing on the paper, its just us going \"huh???\" at the word

    This word, which is supposed to mean indictione but we could not figure out why it has a dash and dot on top of it, or why its spelled like that

    EDIT: completely forgot that I should probably post the whole sentence for context, here it is

    Anno ab incarnatione domini nostri Iesu Christi millesimo LXX, indictione VIII. Regnante Romano imperatore tertio, rege Chrobatie Dalmatieque Petro, Siuinnimir bano.

    If someone could please explain to us, why the indicione looks like that, we would greatly appreciate it
    Best regards

    A hopeful student

    4 Comments
    2024/11/02
    12:32 UTC

    0

    Have I gotten this right?

    Always wondered what the lyrics actually are. Pic shows what I think they are, with the Google translate lol.

    Can anyone proficient in Latin help me out to get it right?

    Both what the actual latin is and the correct translation?

    Thanks in advance 😊

    https://youtu.be/tI2WZzB7R2I?si=5Fkdg9ECMVxIesEx

    0 Comments
    2024/11/02
    09:01 UTC

    3

    Can i learn latin with Duolingo or Legendibus? What advice would you give me?

    6 Comments
    2024/11/02
    03:03 UTC

    3

    Does anyone know what they are saying here?

    1 Comment
    2024/11/02
    02:24 UTC

    1

    NLE Intro Culture Flashcards

    Hello, I've been able to create some flashcards for my students on the Roman house.

    Have I covered all the possible knowledge that could be on the NLE Intro Exam? I've based my questions on the previous questions, but I would like some input from full-time Latin teachers.

    Also, are there recommendations for flashcard sets specifically aimed at NLE Intro? I've seen some, but a lot of the content is quite difficult for the NLE Intro.

    Here is the link:
    https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/67257cb2b66362cacc3a13da?at=6725805e763eebd17dad4fac&MCQ_saved=true

    0 Comments
    2024/11/02
    01:29 UTC

    58

    STEM majors with an affinity for Latin?

    I am in a 200 level university Latin course which is advanced enough no one is taking to fulfill a gen-ed. There are more STEM majors then classics majors! Noticed this with friends from HS too, multiple friends are double majoring stem/classics, I am a stem major classics minor too.

    Why are STEM students drawn to Latin? Or maybe why do people who love Latin ultimately choose to pursue STEM subjects?

    26 Comments
    2024/11/01
    23:18 UTC

    14

    Am I the only one who thinks that Catullus' longer poems suck?

    I enjoy Catullus' short poems quite a lot - and he's one of my favorite poets because of that -, but I found that his longer poems are a slog to get through. It's like he's a different person: he used to be witty, sarcastic and corny (basia mille) and now he's boring, archaic, only interested in mythology and wedding songs? Like I respect his range but this is not what I signed up for. Does skiping these make me a bad reader and Latin learner?

    26 Comments
    2024/11/01
    19:22 UTC

    1

    Trouble understanding usage of futura

    I was reading a passage by Tacitus about Messalina and I came across the line “igitur placuit neglegere futura praesentibus frui”. I understand that fruor tends to govern the ablative case but I can’t find any such reference to this for either placeo or neglego. If anyone could explain why “futura” is in the ablative to me it would be much appreciated, thanks

    2 Comments
    2024/11/01
    18:14 UTC

    9

    di immortales

    As someone studying latin, I often see the phrase "di immortales", I understand it is a way of swearing in latin, but I was interested about its formation, why is it "di" not for example "dei", not sure if because it is vocative or something.

    Thanks for your future help in advance.

    7 Comments
    2024/11/01
    17:04 UTC

    1

    Is there a formal Latin vocative title ending/suffix for people , names , titles etc?

    I read on another post on another subreddit about Romans using shortened vocative titles , but are there any formal versions . And I don't mean like titles like Centurion, general etc I mean like how 'ie' is informal vocative somewhat to replace 'y'. So is there a formal ending/suffix used in Latin ? Like used for formal uses, like by centurions , legionaries, politicians, shop owners, plebs etc?

    9 Comments
    2024/11/01
    16:42 UTC

    19

    Slang and abbreviations in ancient Latin?

    With the internets and communication, I find that so much gets abbreviated and slang is all over the place. I only speak English, if barely, and so much of this is condensed and shorted, which I’m told, is the same for other languages. So then this peaks my curiosity. Do we see such things like this in ancient languages, especially in Latin? For instance; recent slang-sus as suspect, WaPo, Washington Post, and if you read the Dune Book series, you have the narrator go on about how you have Arakis, aka Dune, then it gets shortened to Rakis. This after thousands of years well into the story line. Well that’s as far as I have gotten but I hope I paint a clear picture of what I’m asking my fellows. Much appreciated.

    11 Comments
    2024/11/01
    15:04 UTC

    0

    I translated Hand Me My Shovel, I'm Going In! By Will Wood And The Tapeworms Into Latin (Tradis meus pala, Ego ineoens!)

    I'm a beginner Latin learner, as in I just started learning less than two months ago. Of course, I didn't translate this just from my vocabulary, I had to do a lot of searching in online dictionaries. However, as a newbie, I'm pretty proud of myself. The grammar probably isn't great, and any constructive criticism is welcome!

    Meus cor fur caecus furti

    In vias urbanas in aestis MMXII

    Et ego facies numquam cerni

    Meus somniorum fui comminutus similis varia fenestra

    Jesus comminuit, ego laterculo jacio per Su

    Autem, meus memoria non possum salvum

    Apparet credibilis vix

    Ego culpa non

    Ego enchiridion adnoto

    Ita pagina meus memoro

    Huc satis non est

    Huc satis non est probo atque

    Necessito fundo scopulus

    Huc satis non est

    Huc satis non est probo atque

    Necessito fundo scopulus

    Debeo indago

    Debeo indago

    Debeo indago

    Ego tu tollo

    Meus Spiritus comminutus

    Sicut Puer collidio cum via infra caliga

    Et Ego Compono Meus Dentis

    Et dentis deposito in meus facies

    Meus nomino contamini con postremus vinum

    Et ebrietas Ego interficerit

    Sobrius, post delabor e decus

    Alte Via Ambulat

    Et Dice “Non Vide Infra,

    Tu delabi, et tergum tu rumpo”

    Autem ego memoro

    Amplius sub est tenebra

    Huc satis non est

    Huc satis non est probo atque

    Necessito fundo scopulus

    Huc satis non est

    Huc satis non est probo atque

    Necessito fundo scopulus

    Debeo indago

    Debeo indago

    Debeo indago

    Ego tu tollo

    Ampulla, fons, vel cupa? omnis Vacivus

    defodii vel bibo vel effundi

    Uti Nimis est non satis

    illuc abundantia est

    Specto autem alte punctum introitus

    Inter unde ego vivimust et unde vivo

    Spectis alte, Possis dici Ego unde Caelum

    Tradis meus pala, Ego ineoens!

    Specto autem alte punctum introitus

    Inter unde ego vivimust et unde vivo

    Spectis infra, Possis dici Ego unde Caelum

    Tradis meus pala, Ego ineoens!

    Debeo indago

    Debeo indago

    Debeo indago

    Debeo, debeo, debeo, debeo

    Debeo indago

    Debeo, debeo, debeo, debeo

    Debeo indago

    Debeo, debeo, debeo, debeo

    Debeo indago

    Etsi ut interficerit ego!

    Debeo, debeo, debeo, debeo

    Debeo indago

    Heus, heus

    Debeo, debeo, debeo, debeo

    Debeo indigo

    Etsi ut interficerit ego!

    2 Comments
    2024/11/01
    14:22 UTC

    18

    [Latin subtitles and idioms] Cato, Pompey and Cicero wrangle over Caesar in the Senate | HBO's Rome

    0 Comments
    2024/11/01
    13:22 UTC

    24

    Latin translation

    Hi! May you help me to know what this page about? Saddly it's not mine but I'm curious! Thank you very much!

    8 Comments
    2024/11/01
    13:19 UTC

    9

    What is your favourite FR chapter?

    Hello!

    I learn latin since June and now I am going through Capitulum XVI. So there is the question - which chapter is/was your favourite?

    [slight spoiler for cap. XIII]

    So far I liked lectio 3 of chapter XIII (Annus et menses), as there is very nice nature's description - Autumno folia de arboribus cadunt, hieme arbores et campi nive operiuntur. Vere aves, quae hieme tacent, rursus canere incipiunt (writing from memory, so maybe originally the sentences sound different).

    Do you have your favourite chapters/lections?

    8 Comments
    2024/11/01
    10:34 UTC

    0

    Professor

    Legal scholars believe that there is a connection between ligari and lex. Why do we use "law" To refer both to the laws of science and human laws? These are two completely different things in modern thought. But the natural law tradition argues that both kinds of laws "bind us" - The laws of science bind us in a physical way and the moral law binds us in conscience and in conduct.

    5 Comments
    2024/10/31
    20:50 UTC

    6

    What is the action noun for one who engages in contrafactum?

    What is the action noun for one who engages in contrafactum? Contrafactum being the changing of lyrics of a known song (eg. what Weird Al and Tom Lehrer do/did), a practice going back as far as there were familiar ditties. I've seen previously that -tor is the common suffix (for male practitioners) for action nouns, but to my modern ears 'contrafactumtor' seems somewhat clumsy.

    5 Comments
    2024/11/01
    04:45 UTC

    2

    University Latin placement exam problems

    Hello everyone. I am a Latin autodidact who is looking to test out of some beginner Latin classes at my university as they offer the ability to get credit for them class if you pass the final. In my case the professor has us do a sit down meeting where I walk her through how I would parse through a text (basically translating in real time in front of her). The problem is, being an autodidact (especially one trying to use the 'natural method') I don't really think about translation that often and basically just read the text and try to understand. Sometimes, though I may understand a passage, I have trouble articulating what exactly is going on in the sentence as I haven't studied the grammar super intensely. I have the declensions memorized but that is about it. The 211 and 212 (beginner and advanced respectively) classes are both taught through Wheelock's (I read through LLPSI and it's supplements)

    Does anyone who mainly translates Latin have any tips on things I should study before hand or ways I can better articulate what is going on in a sentence?

    When translating a passage, what is the first thing you look for in a sentence? What are things that I should be aware of that I may miss if I'm not being intentional about the grammar?

    (P.S. I am a Linguistics student and am familiar with how the language functions on a more fundamental level. I know what all the tenses mean and what the cases do. I just don't like bothering too much with the grammar of a language that I actually want to use as I find that it can cloud my vision and make the learning process difficult when I don't already have a decent level of fluency. Hence why I waited until I finished Familia Romana to memorize any paradigms.)

    Thank you!

    3 Comments
    2024/11/01
    00:33 UTC

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