/r/Globasa
Globasa is a new language for the world citizen. It has a logical grammar, a worldwide vocabulary and a small but vibrant community.
Globasa sen neo basa tas globayen. To hare logikali gramati, globali lexilari ji lil mas ativo komuntim.
/r/Globasa
Ewropali mamba-basa:
Awstronesili mamba-basa:
Nengrupodo basa:
Jenido resulta: Akade (des dua famil ji ruwoju de 𒀀𒂵𒉈𒆠 (Akkadê))
Ewropali mamba-basa:
Awstronesili mamba-basa:
Nengrupodo basa:
Jenido resulta:
"Babylonia" sen daymo sim lexi. Kam hinto ger sen sama lexi in Globasa?
Ewropali mamba-basa:
Awstronesili mamba-basa:
Nengrupodo basa:
Jenido resulta:
(Mi fikir ki pia rinjon-drumu ger sen suprem opsyon. Follexipul basatayti fe jenido resulta ji Swahilisa kigoma ger sen lildrumu.)
Mi no jixi kama lexi denpul kom "parti" ger abil na nasabu kam genulexi behaja.
Ewropali mamba-basa:
Awstronesili mamba-basa:
Nengrupodo basa:
Jenido resulta: festival (lima famil)
talento (b) talent --> talento (b.oro) talent; be talented, cause to be talented
It dawned on me that there are at least a handful of nouns, such as talento (adj/adv: talentopul) that haven't been defined as verbs that fit perfectly into the verbs of state subcategory. I had only reviewed our list of verbs to determine which ones needed to be adjusted, which is why I missed talento and potentially other such nouns. I'll be updating those as I encounter them.
Fe asel, hinto le benyatu na mena "imaje per divar", mas "reklama" le dayible bemixtura ton to.
Ewropali mamba-basa:
Awstronesili mamba-basa:
Nengrupodo basa:
Jenido resulta: poster (oco famil)
This is a follow-up post on the topic of verbs of state. In the post from last month (September), I introduced the new subcategory verbs of state with four noun/verbs: termo (heat), bardi (cold), cinon (intelligence), and xohra (fame), and hinted at the possibility of including other verbs in this subcategory. Earlier this month, in a response on Discord, I suggested that sungay (damage, harm, injury) might qualify as a verb of state, and promised to comb through the entire list of Globasa verbs to identify other possible verbs of state and establish clearer guidelines for defining which verbs should be included in this new subcategory.
Definition of Verbs of State
After much consideration, I came up with the following characteristics necessary to define verbs of state: non-count noun denoting a state in a spectrum with a non-pertinent change of state and/or cause.
As we can see, termo, bardi, cinon and xohra are clearly non-count nouns that denote a state in a spectrum (or a non-binary state). Things can be high to low in heat or cold, and people can be high to low in intelligence or fame. The part about having a non-pertinent change of state and/or cause means that the state could be an innate characteristic or a state whose origin is unimportant in the immediate context: if something is hot or cold there's obviously a reason, but the fact that there's a specific, known reason is not within the focus of the given sentence.
This is why -pul, rather than -do, is added to form default adjectives using these noun/verbs: termopul (warm, hot), bardipul (cold), cinonpul (intelligent), xohrapul (famous). Yes, it's also possible to add -do to at least termo and bardi to form termodo (heated) and bardido (cooled). But in this case, the change of state or cause is pertinent, so in truth, we should say that it may (-do) or may not (-pul) be pertinent. In other words, if it's always pertinent, the candidate noun/verb would not qualify as a verb of state, even if we're dealing with a non-count noun denoting a state in a spectrum.
These guidelines may seem restrictive, but that's the idea, since we want ambitransitive verbs to be a relatively limited category of verbs that we can easily recognize as belonging. With looser guidelines we would be forced to consider a broader range of noun/verbs, many of which would in practice turn out to feel rather awkward as ambitransitive verbs.
Therefore, in combing through the entire list of Globasa verbs, my goal was to establish a definition for verbs of state that would only include noun/verbs that work similarly to termo, bardi, cinon and xohra, semantically speaking. In that light, perhaps an easier, more intuitive way to view this subcategory is to think of these as noun/verbs that could've easily been introduced into Globasa as adj/adv words instead (warm, cold, intelligent, famous), but which for one or another reason ended up working better as noun/verb words that add -pul to form their counterpart adj/adv words.
Adjusted Verbs now functioning as Ambitransitive Verbs of State
In the end, the only three verbs that I found to fit the bill to be added to the subcategory of verbs of state are: bawlu (violence), hatari (danger), and ambisi (ambition).
Current usage:
bawlu (b.oj) violence; violate
hatari (b.nenoj) danger; be in danger
ambisi (b.oj) ambition; aspire (to)
Note: hatari was recently changed from an ambitransitive verb meaning be in danger or put in danger into an intransitive verb, but apparently, I forgot to adjust the definition to only leave be in danger. At any rate, it's back to being an ambitransitive verb, but with a meaning that conforms to a verb of state. See below.
New usage:
bawlu (b.oro) violence; be violent, cause to be violent
Note: As suggested by Chinese and Vietnamese, the source languages for bawlu, the verb to violate doesn't actually mean to use violence on, so depending on the meaning, it could be expressed as something like posetatu (disobey) or posfolo (go against) when referring to something like violating a law or an order. If we wanted to express to use violence on, yonbawlu could probably work (compare with: yonfobi). For rape, we currently have sekso-bawlu, which would not work with the new meaning of bawlu; bawlu-sekso, on the other hand, does work. We could also introduce a root word for assault and use the compound sex-assault.
hatari (b.oro) danger; be dangerous, cause to be dangerous
Note: For be in danger we would say sen in hatari, while inhatari would mean get in danger or put in danger (compare with: inbistar, pergeo, etc.)
ambisi (b.oro) ambition; be ambitious, cause to be ambitious
Note: So instead of ambisi being a transitive verb that means aspire (to), we would use ambisi intransitively along with cel, much like in English: ambisi cel ("have ambition or be ambitious for").
Disqualified Candidates Verbs
Sukses is an interesting case. This noun/verb does actually conform to the required definition. However, as a verb, we want sukses to mean "to attain success" rather than "to be successful", as the former is a more useful and common meaning. If we wanted to introduce sukses into this subcategory we would have to say xorsukses to mean "to succeed". It's doable, but my guess is that in practice, this would be resisted by people simply dropping xor-, whether on purpose or not.
Other candidates that didn't fit the definition were: estigma (stigma), lanetu (condemnation), suferi (suffering), kontamina (contamination), taradudu (hesitation).
How about sungay? As we can see, sungay didn't fit the bill after all since it's not a non-count noun or a state in a spectrum. Other verbs similar to sungay are: enfeksi (infection), juruha (wound, injury), and paralisi (paralysis). However, it occurs to me that it's still possible that these could function as ambitransitive verbs by adding them to the subcategory of agentless verbs, and have them function much like kasiru (break). I will explore this possibility further and write a follow-up post in November.
I will also be updating the Menalari and website in the next few days with the new verbs of state subcategory.
Kosa fe disgi ji asel: Santoyen, Germani name
Jeni: Roberto
Kosa fe disgi ji asel: Santoyen, Germani name
Jeni: Wilyem?
Kosa fe disgi ji asel: Santoyen, Germani name
Jeni: Ricardo
Kosa fe disgi ji asel: Santoyen, Elinili name
Jeni: Kristofe, Kristofar
Kosa fe disgi ji asel: Santoyen, Elinili name
Jeni: Barbara
Kosa fe disgi ji asel: Santoyen, Germani name
Jeni: Edwardo, Edward
Kosa fe disgi ji asel: Santoyen, Romali name
Jeni: Yustin, Justin
Kosa fe disgi ji asel: Santoyen, Elinili name
Jeni: Dorote, Dorotea
Kosa fe disgi ji asel: Santoyen, Germani name
Jeni: Remon?
Kosa fe disgi ji asel: Santoyen, Elinili name
Jeni: Dyonisyo, Dyonisi
Kosa fe disgi ji asel: Santoyen, Eyreli name
Jeni: Brendan
Kosa fe disgi ji asel: Santoyen, Eslovi Abece; Eleni name
Jeni: Ciril
Kosa fe disgi ji asel:
Jeni: Henri, Henrik?
Kosa fe disgi ji asel: Santoyen, Romali name
Jeni: Agustin?, Awgustino?
Kosa fe disgi ji asel: Bibli, Ivri name
Jeni: Abigail
Kosa fe disgi ji asel: Santoyen, Elinili lexi/name
Jeni: Sofia, Sofi?
Kosa fe disgi ji asel: Bibli, Ivri name
Jeni: Yese?
Kosa fe disgi ji asel: Bibli, Ivri name
Jeni: Elia, Elya
Kosa fe disgi ji asel: Santoyen, Romali name
Jeni: Vincente
Kosa fe disgi ji asel: Bibli, Ivri name
Jeni: Kaleb
Kosa fe disgi ji asel: Islamiya, Arabili name
Jeni: Hasan
Kosa fe disgi ji asel: Bibli, Ivri name
Jeni: Emanwel
Kosa fe disgi ji asel: Bibli, Ivri name
Jeni: Karmel
Kosa fe disgi ji asel: Bibli, Parsili name?
Jeni: Ester, Estare?
Kosa fe disgi ji asel: Islamiya, Arabili name; Bibli, Ivri name
Jeni: Omar
Kosa fe disgi ji asel: Islamiya, Arabili name
Jeni: Mohamad
Kosa fe disgi ji asel: Yehudi Bibli, Ivri name
Jeni: Rafael
Kosa fe disgi ji asel: Santoyen, Nenjixido asel
Jeni: Monika
Kosa fe disgi ji asel: Bibli, Ivri ji Elini name
Jeni: Simon
Kosa fe disgi ji asel: Bibli, Ivri name
Jeni: Ebrahem?
Kosa fe disgi ji asel: Bibli, Ivri name
Jeni: Ixmael, Ismael
Kosa fe disgi ji asel: Bibli, Ivri name
Jeni: Ishak, Isak
Kosa fe disgi ji asel:
Jeni: Felix, Feliks
Kosa fe disgi ji asel: Bibli, Ivri name
Jeni: Yoel
Kosa fe disgi ji asel: Santoyen, Ewskalli name (wao!)
Jeni: Xavyer, Xaveri?
Kosa fe disgi ji asel: Bibli, Ivri name
Jeni: Mose?
Kosa fe disgi ji asel:
Jeni: Debora
Kosa fe disgi ji asel: Bibli, Ivri name
Jeni: Ruben
Kosa fe disgi ji asel: Bibli, Ivri deha
Jeni: Magdalene
Kosa fe disgi ji asel: Bibli, Elinili name
Jeni: Filipo, Filipe
Kosa fe disgi ji asel: Santoyen, Nenjixido Asel
Jeni: Monika
Kosa fe disgi ji asel: Bibli, Elinili name
Jeni: Lidya, Lidi
Kosa fe disgi ji asel: Bibli, Elinili name
Jeni: Ewnike
Kosa fe disgi ji asel: Bibli, Ivri name
Jeni: Kain
Kosa fe disgi ji asel: Bibli, Ivri name
Jeni: Habel?, Abel
Kosa fe disgi ji asel: Santoyen, Romali name
Jeni: Sebastyan
Kosa fe disgi ji asel: rankodua-kanonli Bibli; Ivri name
Jeni: Yoakim
Kosa fe disgi ji asel: Bibli, Roma; Romali name
Jeni: Yulyo?
Kosa fe disgi ji asel: Bibli; Ivri name
Jeni: Saul, Xaul
Kosa fe disgi ji asel: Santoyen, Jaxnedin; Romali name
Jeni: Valentin
Kosa fe disgi ji asel: Bibli, Moby Dick; Ivri name
Jeni: Ahab
Kosa fe disgi ji asel: Bibli, Roma; Romali name
Jeni: Cesar
Kosa fe disgi ji asel: Bibli, Ivri name
Jeni: Natanael
Kosa fe disgi ji asel: Bibli, Elinili name
Jeni: Bartolome
Kosa fe disgi ji asel: Bibli, Lamamasrili (Kemetili?) Name
Jeni: Ramses
Kosa fe disgi ji asel: Bibli, Sanskritam, Parsisa
Jeni: Ram
Kosa fe disgi ji asel: Bibli, Ivri name
Jeni: Soleman? Salomon? Salom?
Jeni: Luis
Nota: Folone no (xugwanpul) sen yongudo name, mas oto le kwasisen gwanxido
Kosa fe disgi ji asel: Bibli, Ivri titulo
Jeni: Belzebul?
Kosa fe disgi ji asel: Bibli, Ivri name
Jeni: Goliat
behemoth
Kosa fe disgi ji asel: Bibli, Ivri lexi
Jeni: behemot
leviathan
Kosa fe disgi ji asel: Bibli ji politili sofilogi, Ivri lexi
Jeni: levyatan
Ewropali (Tongo to sen un famil.):
Awstronesili (Tongo to sen un famil.):
Alo (Moyun to sen un famil.):
Jeni: zigzagu (8-9 famil; b? t?)
Aloopsyon: zz "zeze"
Ewropali (Tongo to sen un famil.):
Awstronesili (Tongo to sen un famil.):
Alo (Moyun to sen un famil.):
Jeni: kukhwa (3-5 famil, sim?), krisantem (3 famil)
P: ju hwa
H: guk hwa
N: kikuk a
V: kuk hoa
A: uk huan
J: kuk hwa
Ewropali (Tongo to sen un famil.):
Awstronesili (Tongo to sen un famil.):
Alo (Moyun to sen un famil.):
Jeni: korku, korko (3-5 famil, "kwarku")
Ewropali (Tongo to sen un famil.):
Awstronesili (Tongo to sen un famil.):
Alo (Moyun to sen un famil.):
Jeni: gonce, gonca (2-3 famil), ankura (2 famil), kalika (2 famil)
Idey: juni[pod] - shoot
Ewropali (Tongo to sen un famil.):
Awstronesili (Tongo to sen un famil.):
Alo (Moyun to sen un famil.):
Jeni: tona, toni, tono (10-11 famil; "ton, tongo, ton-ya, tuna")
Ewropali (Tongo to sen un famil.):
Awstronesili (Tongo to sen un famil.):
Alo (Moyun to sen un famil.):
Jeni: sintaksi, sintaksis, sintaksu (7 famil, "sen taksi")
Aloopsyon: jumlelogi, jumle-??
Nota: Hin lexi ger sen beyongupul pia cel komputabasa
Ewropali (Tongo to sen un famil.):
Awstronesili (Tongo to sen un famil.):
Alo (Moyun to sen un famil.):
Jeni: rombo (4 famil)
Aloopsyon: meylucaregon?, meylugon?, egalbyenli caregon?
Ewropali (Tongo to sen un famil.):
Awstronesili (Tongo to sen un famil.):
Alo (Moyun to sen un famil.):
Jeni: jasumin, jasmin (8 famil), mali (4-6 famil "Mali, meli", nensim)
Ewropali (Tongo to sen un famil.):
Awstronesili (Tongo to sen un famil.):
Alo (Moyun to sen un famil.):
Jeni: ikrar, ikrari (2-6 famil)
Aloopsyon: swikara, rukone?
Ewropali (Tongo to sen un famil.):
Awstronesili (Tongo to sen un famil.):
Alo (Moyun to sen un famil.):
Jeni: sike (3-4 famil)
Ewropali (Tongo to sen un famil.):
Awstronesili (Tongo to sen un famil.):
Alo (Moyun to sen un famil.):
P: tswoje
H: j wajol
N: z asetsu
J: zwajel u
Jeni: frustra (3 famil), zwajelu (3 famil, nensim)
Ewropali (Tongo to sen un famil.):
Awstronesili (Tongo to sen un famil.):
Alo (Moyun to sen un famil.):
Jeni: tecutu? (3-4 famil, nensim?), arze (3 famil)
P: tijyaw
H: jec u l
N: tex u tsu
V: des uat
J: tec u t u
Aloopsyon: awizin?, presenta?, teyan?
Ewropali (Tongo to sen un famil.):
Awstronesili (Tongo to sen un famil.):
Alo (Moyun to sen un famil.):
Jeni: irsal (6 famil), submisi, submiti (3 famil)
Ewropali (Tongo to sen un famil.):
Awstronesili (Tongo to sen un famil.):
Alo (Moyun to sen un famil.):
Jeni: fukujun (4 famil)
Aloopsyon: teslimu (>3 famil), (xor)etatu?