I've had a rather severe form of this phobia for as long as I can remember, which would suggest that not so much rooted in environmental reasons such as traumatic experience with needles (although I suppose it's possible this occurred in very early development).

Around 80% of people with trypanophobia have a close relative who also has it (II. Needle phobia: a psychological perspective - British Journal of Anaesthesia), suggesting a strong genetic basis. As far as I know none of my relatives share this.

Trypanophobia is co-morbid with anxiety disorders. I am diagnosed with OCD and autism as are some of my family members (especially OCD).

But what about evolutionary explanations for trypanophobia? It has been speculated that OCD, for example, may be a remnant of evolutionarily adaptive risk avoidance. The above article says this:

"Needles produce fainting; fainting is anxiety provoking; and anxiety produces feelings of being light-headed, sweaty, and blurred vision, which mimic the symptoms of fainting. The patient therefore gets into a vicious circle of avoiding the situation as the symptoms of anxiety convince them they are going to faint even before the procedure has begun. In an evolutionary sense, it would appear to make sense to decrease arterial pressure and heart rate when the subject has sustained a puncture injury, allowing for clotting to occur before the injured party bleeds out completely.^(4) However, despite the apparent evolutionary benefit, the process is very unpleasant for the patient and so avoidance is understandable."

Any thoughts/theories/papers?

Hello,

I'm a big fan of evolutionary psychology, and I was introduced to it by Jesse Bering's texts.

What I wonder if how we can know whether an aspect of humans or human psychology is necessarily an evolutionary adaptation, environmentally linked, or merely a genetic "defect" from genetic variation?

Here's some examples to explain what I mean:

A chromosomal disorder resulting in a stillbirth must surely be a genetic "defect." What would a species ever benefit from having stillbirths, besides evolutionary adaptations whose side-effect is stillbirths?

There's genetic evidence that depression is an evolutionary adaptation because some genes that cause depression also improves the immune system. (People who are depressed stay away from others and hence get sick less often.) Does this mean that all who experience depression with this gene have inherited a genetic adaptation? (https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2012/10/the-evolutionary-advantage-of-depression/263124/)

In contrast, I could think of lots of reasons that ADHD is an evolutionary adaptation. (Different stimulus needs could produce different behaviors that are valuable for a tribe.) On the other hand, ADHD may be caused by a gene that prevents the body from properly digesting certain plastics. As a result, toxicity of these plastics could be responsible for ADHD. Does this mean that ADHD is an evolutionary adaptation or merely a result of our modern environment? (https://today.rowan.edu/news/2023/09/researchers-find-bpa-links-to-autism-adhd.html)

​

If we are the mere products of the complex system of evolution, how can we know what aspects of ourselves are direct products that were beneficial to our ancestors versus mere variation or novel environmental factors?

​

Edit: Corrected link for first article.

Do you ever wonder why we forget what we learn so quickly, even at a young age? The same goes for our past childhood memories and books we read last year.

Although it's normal human behavior to forget things, why do we forget important things like taking medicines on time or why do past memories look faded?

Is it a sign of poor memory? And even if it is or not, how do we remember things to improve our memory?

just think about it. Imagine if we remembered every single detail of our lives - every meal we’ve eaten, every conversation we’ve had. Our brains would be overwhelmed with information!

This is precisely why our brain uses a mechanism called ACTIVE FORGETTING.

When you do things absentmindedly such as talking on the phone while putting your keys down, you're less likely to form a strong memory of where you put them. And because your attention is divided, your brain doesn't prioritize remembering it & store it as a low priority memory just to delete it later.

In fact, scientists have found that the brain’s standard rule is not to remember, but to forget irrelevant information and keep focus on what’s important

I made an animated video to illustrate the topic after reading research studies and articles. If you prefer reading, I have included important reference links below.

Why We Forget Things So Quickly

I hope you find this informative

Cheers!

Citing :

Atkinson and Shiffrin Model of Memory

https://practicalpie.com/atkinson-shiffrin-modal-model-of-memory/

Harvard Health Publishing - Forgetting things? Memory problems are more common than you think https://www.health.harvard.edu/mind-and-mood/forgetfulness-7-types-of-normal-memory-problems

The forgotten part of memory

https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-02211-5

Dopamine Is Required for Learning and Forgetting in Drosophila

https://www.cell.com/neuron/fulltext/S0896-6273(12)00338-8?_returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS0896627312003388%3Fshowall%3Dtrue

Blocking Synaptic Removal of GluA2-Containing AMPA Receptors Prevents the Natural Forgetting of Long-Term Memories

https://www.jneurosci.org/content/36/12/3481

Hippocampal Neurogenesis Regulates Forgetting During Adulthood and Infancy

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1248903

What Doesn’t Kill You Makes You Stronger: Psychological Trauma and Its Relationship to Enhanced Memory Control

https://psycnet.apa.org/fulltext/2018-34715-001.html

​

Have you ever followed a trend just because everyone else was doing it? Even if it's something you’re not naturally drawn to, but its sudden popularity can leave you wondering what all the hype is about.

It’s normal for things to trend, but why do people blindly follow them even if they’re misleading for our health and society?

According to psychology, this tendency is called The bandwagon effect.

People naturally tend to follow the crowd. Research shows we do not have as much control over our thoughts and behavior as we think. Sometimes, we follow it because we feel pressured. In most cases, We compare ourselves to others, especially people around us and then try to act and change to be more like our surroundings.

And most surprising thing is that bandwagon effect has positive and negative effects and people choose to overlook them just because of the fear of missing out

I made an animated video to illustrate the topic after reading research studies and articles. If you prefer reading, I have included important reference links below.

Why People blindly follow trends like bed rotting

I hope you find this informative

Cheers!

References:

​

Bandwagon Effect as a Cognitive Bias https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-the-bandwagon-effect-2795895

The psychology behind trends https://nuscimagazine.com/the-psychology-behind-trends/?ssp=1&darkschemeovr=1&setlang=en-IN&safesearch=moderate

Annie Miller, Sleep Specialist https://dcmetrotherapy.com/anniemiller/

Length and Activities Matter When It Comes To 'Bed Rotting'

https://www.health.com/what-is-bed-rotting-trend-7561395

he homeostatic physiology of the circadian rhythm

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519507/#:~:text=Circadian%20rhythm%20is%20the%2024,light%20changes%20in%20our%20environment

Mindfulness: Strategies to implement targeted self-care https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2405452623000162?via%3Dihub

​