I'm learning c++ through learncpp.com and I know that all of these subjects are important but do I really need to go through each chapter right now? I just want to learn the basics of c++ like functions, data types, conditional statements, or stuff like that, and how to use it. Then use what I know to go straight into making small beginner projects, then read and trying to understand others codes then learn more as I go on . So could anybody recommend a guideline for the basics for learncpp.com? If the best way is to go through each chapter I'll just stick to that ig.

Granted I am currently about halfway through chapter 1 still but I just want to know more of the main things

I'm curious what everyone thinks. I think I lean towards cpp reference but I use both

View Poll

Hey everyone,

I am a computer and electrical engineering student with an interest in robotics, data sceince, and cybersecurity. I recently took my first course in C++, so I have a good idea on the syntax, dynamic memory allocation, and classes.

I am looking to boost my C++ skills and amp up my portfolio for looking for an internship. Can anyone suggest some good intermediate project ideas that are not too hard but challenging enough to teach me a good bit?

I also have an arduino breadboard that can also be used in any projects, since I know Arduino's programming language is similar to C++ syntactically.

Was tutoring someone who was accessing a library called "adt_set.h" and "adt_queue.h"

I've never seen these libraries, they told me its just what the grading website uses, and that the instructor just included it for them. I can't find them online, does anyone know where to find these?

As the title suggests, I'm an experienced, professional developer (go, rust, python, etc) but haven't touched C++ in twelve years. From what little I've watched the language over the years I know its changed quite a bit in that time.

I'm looking for resources (print or digital) targeted to this demographic, on all things modern C++:

• Build Systems
• Dependency/Module Management
• Concurrency
• Memory management (e.g. move semantics)
• New Patterns
• New Anti Patterns
• Et al

I'll be mostly focusing on embedded linux development, but any suggestions are welcome.

hey guys, hopefully someone can guide me.

I built my program on mac with 2 lines to install both sdl and sdl_ttf and it works right away andi started working on my mac.

I try to run the same program on my windows machine and installing sdl2 is proving to be impossible.

I have downloaded the dev package and placed them in my home directory. I have linked them, tried linking them directly, tried everything I can think of and I just get error after error.

is there some easy way to install sdl2 on windows that won't mess up my mac file.

After 20 mins with pasting the error into chatgpt ad doing what it says I have ended up with a much larger cmakelist

I can verify the files i have linked directly are present in the directories i have listed. Now chatgpt is just going in circles, in one case sayiong that ttf needs to be linked before sdl and then when that errors it says sdl needs to be linked before ttf.

why is this so damn difficult? is it because I am using clion rather than visual studio? I just want to work on my project on both mac and windows. on mac it was a simple as running brew install and it was done. surely there is some way to make it work as easy on windows? i assume something needs to be added to path?

first time using C++ with SDL.

thank you for any tips or guidance.

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.10)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)
project(GalconClone)

if(WIN32)
    set(SDL2_DIR "C:/Users/Home/SDL2/x86_64-w64-mingw32")
    set(CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH ${SDL2_DIR})

    # Removed the -lmingw32 linker flag to avoid multiple definitions of main
    set(CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS "${CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS} -mconsole")

    # Manually specify SDL2_ttf paths if not found automatically
    set(SDL2_TTF_INCLUDE_DIR "${SDL2_DIR}/include/SDL2")
    set(SDL2_TTF_LIBRARIES "${SDL2_DIR}/lib/libSDL2_ttf.dll.a")
endif()

find_package(SDL2 REQUIRED)

# Manually define SDL2_ttf if find_package fails
if (NOT TARGET SDL2::SDL2_ttf)
    if(NOT SDL2_TTF_INCLUDE_DIR OR NOT SDL2_TTF_LIBRARIES)
        message(FATAL_ERROR "SDL2_ttf library not found. Please ensure SDL2_ttf is installed and paths are set correctly.")
    endif()
    add_library(SDL2::SDL2_ttf UNKNOWN IMPORTED)
    set_target_properties(SDL2::SDL2_ttf PROPERTIES
            INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES "${SDL2_TTF_INCLUDE_DIR}"
            IMPORTED_LOCATION "${SDL2_TTF_LIBRARIES}"
    )
endif()

include_directories(${SDL2_INCLUDE_DIRS} ${SDL2_TTF_INCLUDE_DIR} include)

add_executable(GalconClone src/main.cpp src/Game.cpp src/Planet.cpp src/Fleet.cpp src/Ship.cpp)
target_link_libraries(GalconClone PUBLIC SDL2::SDL2 SDL2::SDL2main SDL2::SDL2_ttf)

the latest errors are

C:\Windows\system32\cmd.exe /C "cd . && C:\Users\Home\AppData\Local\Programs\CLion\bin\mingw\bin\g++.exe -g -mconsole CMakeFiles/GalconClone.dir/src/main.cpp.obj CMakeFiles/GalconClone.dir/src/Game.cpp.obj CMakeFiles/GalconClone.dir/src/Planet.cpp.obj CMakeFiles/GalconClone.dir/src/Fleet.cpp.obj CMakeFiles/GalconClone.dir/src/Ship.cpp.obj -o GalconClone.exe -Wl,--out-implib,libGalconClone.dll.a -Wl,--major-image-version,0,--minor-image-version,0  C:/Users/Home/SDL2/x86_64-w64-mingw32/lib/libSDL2.dll.a  C:/Users/Home/SDL2/x86_64-w64-mingw32/lib/libSDL2main.a  C:/Users/Home/SDL2/x86_64-w64-mingw32/lib/libSDL2_ttf.dll.a  -lshell32  -Wl,--undefined=WinMain  -lkernel32 -luser32 -lgdi32 -lwinspool -lshell32 -lole32 -loleaut32 -luuid -lcomdlg32 -ladvapi32 && cd ."
C:\Users\Home\AppData\Local\Programs\CLion\bin\mingw\bin/ld.exe: C:/Users/Home/SDL2/x86_64-w64-mingw32/lib/libSDL2main.a(SDL_windows_main.c.obj):SDL_windows_ma:(.text+0x84): undefined reference to `SDL_strlen'
C:\Users\Home\AppData\Local\Programs\CLion\bin\mingw\bin/ld.exe: C:/Users/Home/SDL2/x86_64-w64-mingw32/lib/libSDL2main.a(SDL_windows_main.c.obj):SDL_windows_ma:(.text+0xb0): undefined reference to `SDL_memcpy'
C:\Users\Home\AppData\Local\Programs\CLion\bin\mingw\bin/ld.exe: C:/Users/Home/SDL2/x86_64-w64-mingw32/lib/libSDL2main.a(SDL_windows_main.c.obj):SDL_windows_ma:(.text+0xb8): undefined reference to `SDL_free'
C:\Users\Home\AppData\Local\Programs\CLion\bin\mingw\bin/ld.exe: C:/Users/Home/SDL2/x86_64-w64-mingw32/lib/libSDL2main.a(SDL_windows_main.c.obj):SDL_windows_ma:(.text+0xce): undefined reference to `SDL_wcslen'
C:\Users\Home\AppData\Local\Programs\CLion\bin\mingw\bin/ld.exe: C:/Users/Home/SDL2/x86_64-w64-mingw32/lib/libSDL2main.a(SDL_windows_main.c.obj):SDL_windows_ma:(.text+0xe6): undefined reference to `SDL_iconv_string'
C:\Users\Home\AppData\Local\Programs\CLion\bin\mingw\bin/ld.exe: C:/Users/Home/SDL2/x86_64-w64-mingw32/lib/libSDL2main.a(SDL_windows_main.c.obj):SDL_windows_ma:(.text+0x10c): undefined reference to `SDL_ShowSimpleMessageBox'
C:\Users\Home\AppData\Local\Programs\CLion\bin\mingw\bin/ld.exe: C:/Users/Home/SDL2/x86_64-w64-mingw32/lib/libSDL2main.a(SDL_windows_main.c.obj):SDL_windows_ma:(.text+0x146): undefined reference to `SDL_SetMainReady'
C:\Users\Home\AppData\Local\Programs\CLion\bin\mingw\bin/ld.exe: C:/Users/Home/SDL2/x86_64-w64-mingw32/lib/libSDL2main.a(SDL_windows_main.c.obj):SDL_windows_ma:(.text+0x152): undefined reference to `SDL_main'

Hello my fellow colleagues. I hope everyone is having a great start to their Monday's.

This is my first post on r/Cplusplus and I've been waiting to release this publicly until I felt it was ready for use / contributions.

I've created 2 open sourced projects

1) The Beldum Package Manger:

https://github.com/Nord-Tech-Systems-LLC/beldum_package_manager

2) A C++ Backend Webserver (under construction, but working enough to play around with):

https://github.com/Nord-Tech-Systems-LLC/cpp_webserver

Prior to responses on this thread I would like to address a few things that I know are going to be commented on, so here is a bit of a FAQ:

1. Why not use the other package managers such as `Vcpkg` or `Conan`?

I understand the learning curve associated with learning C++, and it seems like the package managers associated with C++ do not provide a simple way to practice and test simple C++ libraries. There are usually difficult or cumbersome processes associated with trying to test a package, and a deep understanding of linux directory structures.

What I've done is taken a complex task such as installing a library and made it similar to that of `npm` or `yarn`, where all of the details of how the package is handled is abstracted for new users.

2. Where is your benchmarking?

In today's world, we all want the fastest product -- I get it; this is not meant to be the fastest library on the market, nor is it striving to be. It is for new users to test and learn C++ so they are not discouraged away from learning C++. I feel C++ is quickly losing it's userbase. This is my attempt at trying to revitalize the language for our new users today.

3. Why not use Rust or another language?

C++ is a great language. I understand that a lot of people have issues with the language itself that are deep rooted in decades of programming, but there is a large set of infrastructure that is built on the C and C++ languages. C++ is powerful, and I know there are lots of innovative C++ programmers (new and old) who have the capabilities to help drive C++ into the future.

4. Statement, not question: But you still have to learn CMake.

Beldum package manager provides a template of how you would import the libraries, giving the new users a chance to see how it should work, with a predefined build script that they can mess around with, to make learning CMake not as difficult or such a high learning curve.

Please, can we have this discussion be productive and constructive?

Lastly,

It's nice to meet the C++ community. I hope to make future contributions as well.

C++ is my chosen career language.

Thank you,

VikingOfValhalla

I have to create a 3D game in c++ using SFML as a final semester Project. The complexity level of the game will be similar to the likes of snake game. kindly share some valuable sources to learn SFML.

Is this a good place to talk about current C++ experiences? I'm working on a ~2k line project for work to keep my hand in programming. I switched out of programming 10 years ago after 20 years as a programmer to join the ranks of cybersecurity types, but still need to keep what chops as I can so that I can do code reviews.

All this to say, I'm looking for a place to talk about compilers, OS platform quirks for compiling C++, tools and the like without judgement.

on long time, I have worked on windows system programming using c++ , but i need to move other domain, so what is the better domain to me, where i can go

Essentially I was using the following: ostream& operator<<(ostream & out,MyClass myclass) { }

(Obviously I had stuff inside of it, this is just to highlight what was going wrong)

And I spent like half an hour trying to find out why I was getting out of bounds and trace trap errors. I eventually realized I completely overlooked the fact I didn’t put a return statement in the body.

If this were any other sort of function, I would’ve not been able to build the program. If I don’t include a return statement for a function returning a double I always get an error (I am using Xcode on Apple Silicon). Is there a reason for this?

I am making a Fetch script like Neofetch using C++ and wanted to left align the information. Although I am unable to achieve this.

structure of the project

```#include <iostream>

#include <string>

#include "fetch.h"

#include <algorithm>

#include <fstream>

#include <sys/utsname.h>

#include <unordered_map>

#include <ctime>

#include <iomanip>

#include <algorithm>

#include <vector>

#include <sstream>

using namespace std;

// Color codes

const string RESET = "\033[0m";

const string RED = "\033[31m";

const string GREEN = "\033[32m";

const string YELLOW = "\033[33m";

const string BLUE = "\033[34m";

const string MAGENTA = "\033[35m";

const string CYAN = "\033[36m";

const string WHITE = "\033[37m";

// Icons for system information

const string DISTRO_ICON = ""; // Distro icon

const string CPU_ICON = ""; // CPU icon

const string RAM_ICON = ""; // RAM icon

const string UPTIME_ICON = ""; // Uptime icon

const string KERNEL_ICON = ""; // Kernel icon

string fetchDogBreedArt(const string& breed) {

string filename = "../art/" + breed + ".txt";

ifstream artFile(filename.c_str());

string result, line;

if (artFile.is_open()) {

while (getline(artFile, line)) {

result += line + "\n";

}

artFile.close();

} else {

result = "Could not open file for breed: " + breed;

}

return result;

}

string fetchDistro() {

ifstream osFile("/etc/os-release");

string line, distro;

if (osFile.is_open()) {

while (getline(osFile, line)) {

if (line.find("PRETTY_NAME") != string::npos) {

distro = line.substr(line.find('=') + 2);

distro.erase(distro.find_last_of('"'));

break;

}

}

osFile.close();

} else {

distro = "Unable to read OS information";

}

return DISTRO_ICON + " " + distro;

}

string fetchCPUInfo() {

ifstream cpuFile("/proc/cpuinfo");

string line, cpuModel = "Unknown";

if (cpuFile.is_open()) {

while (getline(cpuFile, line)) {

if (line.find("model name") != string::npos) {

cpuModel = line.substr(line.find(':') + 2);

break;

}

}

cpuFile.close();

} else {

cpuModel = "Unable to read CPU information";

}

return CPU_ICON + " " + cpuModel;

}

string fetchMemoryInfo() {

ifstream memFile("/proc/meminfo");

long memTotalKB = 0, memAvailableKB = 0;

string line;

if (memFile.is_open()) {

while (getline(memFile, line)) {

if (line.find("MemTotal") != string::npos) {

memTotalKB = stol(line.substr(line.find(':') + 2));

} else if (line.find("MemAvailable") != string::npos) {

memAvailableKB = stol(line.substr(line.find(':') + 2));

break;

}

}

memFile.close();

}

double memTotalGB = memTotalKB / 1024.0 / 1024.0;

double memAvailGB = memAvailableKB / 1024.0 / 1024.0;

ostringstream oss;

oss << fixed << setprecision(2);

oss << RAM_ICON << " " << memAvailGB << " GB / " << memTotalGB << " GB";

return oss.str();

}

string fetchUptime() {

ifstream uptimeFile("/proc/uptime");

string result;

if (uptimeFile.is_open()) {

double uptimeSeconds;

uptimeFile >> uptimeSeconds;

uptimeFile.close();

int days = uptimeSeconds / 86400;

int hours = (uptimeSeconds / 3600) - (days * 24);

int minutes = (uptimeSeconds / 60) - (days * 1440) - (hours * 60);

ostringstream oss;

oss << UPTIME_ICON << " " << days << " days, " << hours << " hours, " << minutes << " minutes";

result = oss.str();

} else {

result = "Unable to read uptime information";

}

return result;

}

string fetchKernelVersion() {

struct utsname buffer;

string kernel;

if (uname(&buffer) == 0) {

kernel = string(buffer.release);

} else {

kernel = "Unable to read kernel information";

}

return KERNEL_ICON + " " + kernel;

}

vector<string> printSystemInfo() {

// Get the system information

vector<string> info = {

BLUE + fetchDistro() + RESET,

YELLOW + fetchCPUInfo() + RESET,

GREEN + fetchMemoryInfo() + RESET,

RED + fetchUptime() + RESET,

YELLOW + fetchKernelVersion() + RESET

};

// Find the maximum length of the information lines

size_t maxLength = 0;

for (const auto& line : info) {

size_t visibleLength = 0;

bool inEscapeSeq = false;

for (size_t i = 0; i < line.length(); i++) {

if (line[i] == '\033') inEscapeSeq = true;

else if (inEscapeSeq && line[i] == 'm') inEscapeSeq = false;

else if (!inEscapeSeq) visibleLength++;

}

maxLength = max(maxLength, visibleLength);

}

return info;

}

void printSystemInfoAligned(const vector<string>& artLines, const vector<string>& info) {

// Calculate the maximum width of ASCII art lines for consistent padding

size_t maxArtWidth = 0;

for (const auto& line : artLines) {

size_t visibleLength = 0;

bool inEscapeSeq = false;

for (size_t i = 0; i < line.length(); i++) {

if (line[i] == '\033') inEscapeSeq = true;

else if (inEscapeSeq && line[i] == 'm') inEscapeSeq = false;

else if (!inEscapeSeq) visibleLength++;

}

maxArtWidth = max(maxArtWidth, visibleLength);

}

// Calculate necessary padding width

const size_t paddingWidth = maxArtWidth + 4; // Add extra padding space

// Print ASCII art with system info aligned on the right

for (size_t i = 0; i < artLines.size() || i < info.size(); i++) {

if (i < artLines.size()) {

cout << setw(paddingWidth) << left << artLines[i]; // Print padded ASCII art line

} else {

cout << setw(paddingWidth) << " "; // Print empty space if no ASCII art line

}

if (i < info.size()) {

cout << "\t" << info[i]; // Print system info line with a tab space for alignment

}

cout << endl;

}

}

int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {

if (argc < 2) {

cout << "Please specify a dog breed as a command-line argument." << endl;

return 1;

}

string breed = argv[1];

// Get ASCII art and color it cyan

string asciiArt = CYAN + fetchDogBreedArt(breed) + RESET;

// Split ASCII art into lines

vector<string> artLines;

istringstream iss(asciiArt);

string line;

while (getline(iss, line)) {

artLines.push_back(line);

}

// Get system information

vector<string> info = printSystemInfo();

// Print aligned output

printSystemInfoAligned(artLines, info);

return 0;

}

```

this is the code

I think it's more like Casper the Friendly Ghost, but I'll let you decide

https://www.reddit.com/r/codereview/comments/qo8yq3/c_programs

I have my C++ mid-term in two days, and I’m reviewing everything I can, but I’m unsure if it's enough. Does anyone have any resources that could help me prepare more effectively? the topics i need to review are Branches, Loops, and Variables / Assignments i would really appreciate any help you guys could give me thank you.

https://softwareengineeringdaily.com/2024/10/23/rust-vs-c-with-steve-klabnik-herb-sutter/

"In early September I had a very enjoyable technical chat with Steve Klabnik of Rust fame and interviewer Kevin Ball of Software Engineering Daily, and the podcast is now available."

"Disclaimer: Please just ignore the "vs" part of the "Rust vs C++" title. The rest of the page is a much more accurate description of a really fun discussion I'd be happy to do again anytime!"

"Here's the info..."

"Rust [and] C++ with Steve Klabnik and Herb Sutter"
https://herbsutter.com/
https://steveklabnik.com/

"In software engineering, C++ is often used in areas where low-level system access and high-performance are critical, such as operating systems, game engines, and embedded systems. Its long-standing presence and compatibility with legacy code make it a go-to language for maintaining and extending older projects. Rust, while newer, is gaining traction in roles that demand safety and concurrency, particularly in systems programming."

"We wanted to explore these two languages side-by-side, so we invited Herb Sutter and Steve Klabnik to join host Kevin Ball on the show. Herb works at Microsoft and chairs the ISO C++ standards committee. Steve works at Oxide Computer Company, is an alumnus of the Rust Core Team, and is the primary author of The Rust Programming Language book."
https://isocpp.org/
https://x.com/rustlang

"We hope you enjoy this deep dive into Rust and C++ on Software Engineering Daily."

"Kevin Ball or KBall, is the vice president of engineering at Mento and an independent coach for engineers and engineering leaders. He co-founded and served as CTO for two companies, founded the San Diego JavaScript meetup, and organizes the AI inaction discussion group through Latent Space."

"Please click here to see the transcript of this episode."
http://softwareengineeringdaily.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/SED1756-Rust-vs-Cpp.txt

Lynn

I want to make a simple puzzle game using C++, but the UI part is an absolute pain. I’m using the Qt framework, and I keep running into problem after problem. I heard that using html is a lot easier, but I don’t know how to make a project that compiles more than 1 language. Can somebody help me? I’m using Visual Studio btw.

I was reading this thread and wondering about this

"We actually just did something similar already in draft C++26, which is to remove undefined behavior for uninitialized locals... that is no longer UB in C++26"

What is that about? Thanks in advance.

I'm in my first year of CS and in these first two months of classes, I'm pretty convinced the way they teach and the practices they want us to have are not the best, which is weir considering that it's regarded as the best one for this course in the country. I already had very small experience with C# that I learnt from YouTube for Unity game development, so my criteria comes from this little knowledge I have.

First of all, out of every example of code they use to explain, all the variables are always named with a single letter, even if there are multiple ones. I'm the classes that we actually get to code, the teacher told me that I should use 'and' and 'or' instead of && and ||. As far as I know, it's good practice to have the first letter of functions to be uppercase and lowercase for variables, wich was never mentioned to us. Also, when I was reading the upcoming exam's guidelines, I found out that we're completely prohibited of using the break statement, which result on automatically failing it.

So what do you guys think, do I have any valid point or am I just talking nonsense?

https://preview.redd.it/kkntgyycr3xd1.png?width=2890&format=png&auto=webp&s=15855aaa7342b0a1609de41fa0e66c1ed8e48029

For example, I am trying to make a string called dataStream that appends together data and adds everything into a single column in the .csv file. However, everytime i try, the commas in the middle of the string cause the compiler to think that it is a new column and the resultiing .csv file has multiple columns that I don't want

Looking for an Online C++ compiler to use in my Programming class. Our instructor usually has us use OnlineGBD, but It has ads, and it's cluttered and it looks old. Is there any alternative that has a modern UI, or some sort of customizability?

So I need to download an IDE to do homework (I just started out and the programs are really simple, so learning what while, for and other functions). What would be a simple, "plug and play" IDE to start out?

What is the right policy to have on this? Should every function definition be in the header file, except when its not possible because of cross-include issues, or should everything go into the cpp file, except if it's required to be in the header file. Like with templates. Think also of how convenient it is to just use auto for return type and let it be deduced, and you cant do that if the definition is in the cpp file. And inline functions in a header do create visual clutter, but then in an IDE it is a standard feature to use fold/collapse on function definitions, so the clutter is removed.

As bonus question: do you think being possible to do this in two ways is a problem with C++ or an actually a good thing? I don't know many languages aside from C/C++ so I'm wondering how this is done in other languages. Whether it creates or reduces clutter. Also, so far I did not write any non-trivial project using c++20 modules, but I keep hearing that with modules there will be no more header files. Is this true? Will modules remove the need for separate declaration/implementation files?

I've been coding and learning for 10+ years, just got a BA in Computer Science but have had no luck im finding a job in the industry. Looking for any help possible.

So I am in the process of a career change. I cannot work the trades anymore. I'm 35 and started school again. I am pursuing a computer science degree and starting with my associate. I am one year and have taken a python class which is my only programming class, until this semester. This semester I started C++ programming and I'm 6 weeks in and have 2 weeks left and feel like I'm totally lost. The book is beyond confusing and makes no sense to me. Am I stressing entirely too much over this course?

I'm a fairly experienced C++ dev on multiple platforms. In the past, I've mostly developed on various UNIXes and MS Windows. I recently got an m-series mac and started developing on it. Since I was working on mac, I decided to give XCode a try. It seems to be a decent editor, but I can't figure out how to debug on this platform. For the time being, I'm editing and compiling as I go, then going back to the terminal to debug at the command line with lldb. Better than no debugger, but not as nice as having your watch variables and debug line flags in your UI. Does anyone have a good resource (please no videos) for figuring out how to use this V16 UI for debugging?

I keep trying to run certain files (new files I've created) and they keep telling me 'File not sourced' when I try to run and compile.

When going through older programs, I make changes but when I compile and run they give me the results of what the older code would have been. How do I fix this??

EDIT: It tells me 'Permission denied' in the File notes, but... this is my program. I am a beginner at programming, what do I do?

I have a class A, Class B and Class C

Class A # no private members Class B: # no private members

Class C: public Class A, public Class B{ void performManeuver( A aObj, B bObj) { aObj.functionInClassA(); moveToThisPosition(A::publicVarClassA, A::publicVar2ClassA) //OR moveToThisPosition(aObj.publicVarClassA, aObj.publicVar2ClassA) }; };

void moveToThisPosition(int speed, int position) {

};

int main() { A aObject; B bObject; C cObject;

court << "Enter val"; cin>> bObject.publicVar; cObject.myFunc( aObject, bObject); };

-------------------—------------------—---------------—----- So there are a few questions here regarding access:

1. If I'm inheriting from Class A and B in C, why do I need to use and object in the Class C definition or just use the Class A or B members without it. I know for calling functions I need to use an instance of the class that contains the member function I'll be using.

2. If I do use objects to refer to Class A or B members in C, why can't I just use the scope resolution operator in my class C's cpp file with the function definition with header inlcuded files for A, B. Is there a downside to using scope resolution operator or the object instead?

Thank you.