Happy new year to the one holy Christian and apostolic Church.

Gospel According to Luke, 19:28–40 (ESV):

The Triumphal Entry

And when he had said these things, he went on ahead, going up to Jerusalem. When he drew near to Bethphage and Bethany, at the mount that is called Olivet, he sent two of the disciples, saying, “Go into the village in front of you, where on entering you will find a colt tied, on which no one has ever yet sat. Untie it and bring it here. If anyone asks you, ‘Why are you untying it?’ you shall say this: ‘The Lord has need of it.’” So those who were sent went away and found it just as he had told them. And as they were untying the colt, its owners said to them, “Why are you untying the colt?” And they said, “The Lord has need of it.” And they brought it to Jesus, and throwing their cloaks on the colt, they set Jesus on it. And as he rode along, they spread their cloaks on the road. As he was drawing near—already on the way down the Mount of Olives—the whole multitude of his disciples began to rejoice and praise God with a loud voice for all the mighty works that they had seen, saying, “Blessed is the King who comes in the name of the Lord! Peace in heaven and glory in the highest!” And some of the Pharisees in the crowd said to him, “Teacher, rebuke your disciples.” He answered, “I tell you, if these were silent, the very stones would cry out.”

Engelbrecht, E. A. (2009). The Lutheran Study Bible. Concordia Publishing House:

(Abbreviations Reference Guide: https://www.reddit.com/r/Sunday/comments/1dg8y2u/)

19:28–40 Jesus fulfills OT prophecy and is acclaimed the messianic King. Take joy in the reign of your Savior, who answers prayers with wonder and grants abiding peace. • “O Lord, how shall I meet You, How welcome You aright? Your people long to greet You, My hope, my heart’s delight!” Amen. (LSB 334:1)

Engelbrecht, E. A. (2009). The Lutheran Study Bible. Concordia Publishing House:

(Abbreviations Reference Guide: https://www.reddit.com/r/Sunday/comments/1dg8y2u/)

19:28 Jesus travels as a king going to His coronation (cf v 11). He went on ahead. Perhaps drawing away from the crowds who attended Him at Jericho. The road to Jerusalem is very steep.

19:29 Bethphage. Village on the Mount of Olives c 1 mi from the Jerusalem temple. Bethany. Village on the eastern slope of the Mount of Olives, c 2 mi from Jerusalem.

19:30 Jesus intentionally sought to fulfill Zec 9:9. you will find. Jesus may have made prearrangements, or, more likely, used His divine knowledge to give direction. no one has ever yet sat. Animals that had not been used were esp appropriate for holy purposes (cf Nu 19:2; 1Sm 6:7).

19:31 The Lord. The owners either knew Jesus or knew of Him.

19:33–34 Just as Jesus had spoken, so it happened.

19:35–36 Jesus enters royally, but not as a military hero.

19:37 Mount of Olives. The mount named in the prophecy of the Lord’s coming (Zec 14:4). began to rejoice. The praise increases at the crest of the mount as Jerusalem comes into view. mighty works. Esp the healing of the blind man (18:35–43) and the raising of Lazarus (Jn 11).

19:38 Many from Jerusalem, hearing of His approach, met Jesus. They sang the words used to greet pilgrims entering Jerusalem. Yet, they welcomed Jesus as the messianic King. Peace in heaven. God is reconciled to us in Christ (Rm 5:1).

19:39 Teacher. In Lk, Jesus’ opponents often used this title for Him (7:40; 20:21, 28, 39).

19:40 The rhetorical reply challenged the Pharisees’ silence. Even nature yearns for the coming salvation of the world (Rm 8:19–22).

Welcome to Sunday -- This Discussion thread, much like the main thread in Tuesday, is for broader discussion than the main focus of the subreddit -- Although we would like it if we could get a focus on the religious, philosophical, and ethical discussions that the focus of the subreddit is on. That way we get to keep religion and politics separate!

The same rules apply as on Tuesday.

Welcome to Sunday -- This Discussion thread, much like the main thread in Tuesday, is for broader discussion than the main focus of the subreddit -- Although we would like it if we could get a focus on the religious, philosophical, and ethical discussions that the focus of the subreddit is on. That way we get to keep religion and politics separate!

The same rules apply as on Tuesday.

Have a blessed week ahead.

Gospel According to Mark, 13:24–37 (ESV):

The Coming of the Son of Man

“But in those days, after that tribulation, the sun will be darkened, and the moon will not give its light, and the stars will be falling from heaven, and the powers in the heavens will be shaken. And then they will see the Son of Man coming in clouds with great power and glory. And then he will send out the angels and gather his elect from the four winds, from the ends of the earth to the ends of heaven.

The Lesson of the Fig Tree

“From the fig tree learn its lesson: as soon as its branch becomes tender and puts out its leaves, you know that summer is near. So also, when you see these things taking place, you know that he is near, at the very gates. Truly, I say to you, this generation will not pass away until all these things take place. Heaven and earth will pass away, but my words will not pass away.

No One Knows That Day or Hour

“But concerning that day or that hour, no one knows, not even the angels in heaven, nor the Son, but only the Father. Be on guard, keep awake. For you do not know when the time will come. It is like a man going on a journey, when he leaves home and puts his servants in charge, each with his work, and commands the doorkeeper to stay awake. Therefore stay awake—for you do not know when the master of the house will come, in the evening, or at midnight, or when the rooster crows, or in the morning—lest he come suddenly and find you asleep. And what I say to you I say to all: Stay awake.”

Engelbrecht, E. A. (2009). The Lutheran Study Bible. Concordia Publishing House:

(Abbreviations Reference Guide: https://www.reddit.com/r/Sunday/comments/1dg8y2u/)

13:24–27 Jesus will return on the Last Day to judge all humanity, fulfilling OT prophecy and His own predictions. No one will enter the kingdom of God by works, nor will any mere religion save anyone. Because Jesus died and rose for us and because the Holy Spirit created and sustained saving faith in His people, we can be sure of our salvation no matter how fearsome the Last Day may be. • Set my heart, O Savior, on the life and hope above, so that shadows of this world may not darken my sight. Amen.

13:28–31 Jesus answers the original question of “when?” about the destruction of the temple (v 4). The events of vv 14–23 would take place within a generation. The fall of Jerusalem foreshadows the end of the world, which will come later (vv 24–27). Today, we need to focus on the calling we have as Christ’s Church: Gospel proclamation and outreach (cf Mt 28:18–20). God has created this time before the second appearing of Jesus so that we may come to faith and call others to faith and salvation. • “My Savior paid the debt I owe And for my sin was smitten; Within the Book of Life I know My name has now been written. I will not doubt, for I am free, And Satan cannot threaten me; There is no condemnation!” Amen. (LSB 508:5)

13:32–37 In contrast to the fall of Jerusalem (vv 5–23), which will happen within a generation, no one knows the day when Jesus will return to judge the world (vv 24–27). Jesus exhorts us to vigilance and encourages us to use the available time wisely, proclaiming the Gospel for the salvation of others. Jesus promises to be with us always and has poured out on us His Holy Spirit for the work of evangelizing the nations. • “The world is very evil, The times are waxing late; Be sober and keep vigil, The Judge is at the gate; The Judge that comes in mercy, The Judge that comes with might, To terminate the evil, To diadem the right.” Amen. (TLH 605:1)

Engelbrecht, E. A. (2009). The Lutheran Study Bible. Concordia Publishing House:

(Abbreviations Reference Guide: https://www.reddit.com/r/Sunday/comments/1dg8y2u/)

13:24 tribulation. See note, Mt 24:29: “Used broadly for the troubles described in Mt 24:5–28, some of which were fulfilled in AD 70; others will be fulfilled just before Christ returns. The character of the prophecy warns us against trying to calculate the exact time of Jesus’ return.” darkened. Undoing the fourth day of creation (Gn 1:14) on the Last Day.

13:25 Cosmic signs of the end (cf Jl 2:10; 3:15).

13:26 Jesus returns with the Father’s authority to judge the world. See note, Dn 7:13: «with the clouds. Different origin from the beasts, which came from the sea. like a son of man. Daniel uses comparison as he did with the first three beasts earlier in the vision (“like,” Dn 7:4–6). There is something special about this figure, however. This vision describes the commissioning of the Christ as our Lord and Savior. presented. Introduced at the court of the Ancient of Days (Dn 7:9–10).» Son of Man. See p 2098: “Favorite self-designation of Jesus, used c 80 times in the Gospels but almost never in the rest of the NT. Its meaning varies somewhat depending on the context. Indicates that though Jesus is fully man, He is much more. As a messianic title, it combines the ideas of a servant who will suffer and die for all people (Is 53; Mt 20:28) and the exalted Son of Man, whose reign is everlasting (Dn 7:13–14; Mt 24:30).”

13:27 See note, Mt 24:31: «His angels. Mt frequently portrays angels as assisting the Lord on Judgment Day (e.g., Mt 13:39–41, 49; 16:27; 25:31). gather His elect. Christians are drawn together to separate them from unbelievers. four winds. The directions of the compass, the “ends of the earth.” Jesus will send His angels to gather all believers, regardless of where they are.»

13:28 Perhaps Jesus stood near a fig tree. Because these trees produce two crops each year, they became proverbial for the passing of the seasons. Unlike many trees in Israel, the fig sheds its leaves each fall. New leaves appear relatively late in spring and indicate that warm weather is about to arrive. See note, 11:13: “not the season for figs. Early unripe figs should have been present (c Mar/Apr), even though the main harvest season had not yet arrived (Aug/Sep). The leaves should have served as a reliable indicator for these early figs. If the early figs do not appear, neither will the later ones.”

13:29 these things. The fall of Jerusalem and the destruction of the temple. Cf vv 14–23. He is near. Or, “It is near,” meaning the fulfillment of the prophecy of v 2.

13:30 generation will not pass. Within one generation—c 40 years—the temple would lie in ruins.

13:31 The Word of God, which spoke creation into being, will last longer than creation. It is eternal.

13:32 no one knows. Jesus speaks here as a man. In His state of humility, Jesus did not always speak from His divine power of foreknowledge. See note, Mt 24:36: «Important interpretive key for everything Jesus says about the end times: no one can decipher the day (or even the year) of His return in glory. Flee from those who claim they can. nor the Son. “‹Christ according to His human nature› … knows some things and is ignorant of others” (FC SD VIII 74).» only the Father. God knows His plans and reveals what He chooses to whom He chooses.

13:33 No one knows when the events Jesus prophesied will take place; therefore, Christians are to focus on the work He has given them (Mt 9:38). Aug: “Let no one then search out for the last Day, when it is to be; but let us watch all by our good lives, lest the last day of any one of us find us unprepared” (NPNF 1 6:411).

13:34–37 Rather than wasting time and energy trying to determine the exact year or day of Jesus’ return, which God has not revealed, we should focus on bringing the Gospel to people who do not yet know Christ as Savior and Lord.

13:37 Stay awake. Remain alert to proclaim the Gospel and practice the faith. Aug: “When it tells us to watch for the last day, every one should think of [this] as concerning his own last day; lest haply when you judge or think the last day of the world to be far distant, you slumber with respect to your own last day” (NPNF 1 6:411).

Welcome to Sunday -- This Discussion thread, much like the main thread in Tuesday, is for broader discussion than the main focus of the subreddit -- Although we would like it if we could get a focus on the religious, philosophical, and ethical discussions that the focus of the subreddit is on. That way we get to keep religion and politics separate!

The same rules apply as on Tuesday.

Have a blessed week ahead.

Gospel According to Mark, 13:1–13 (ESV):

Jesus Foretells Destruction of the Temple

And as he came out of the temple, one of his disciples said to him, “Look, Teacher, what wonderful stones and what wonderful buildings!” And Jesus said to him, “Do you see these great buildings? There will not be left here one stone upon another that will not be thrown down.”

Signs of the End of the Age

And as he sat on the Mount of Olives opposite the temple, Peter and James and John and Andrew asked him privately, “Tell us, when will these things be, and what will be the sign when all these things are about to be accomplished?” And Jesus began to say to them, “See that no one leads you astray. Many will come in my name, saying, ‘I am he!’ and they will lead many astray. And when you hear of wars and rumors of wars, do not be alarmed. This must take place, but the end is not yet. For nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. There will be earthquakes in various places; there will be famines. These are but the beginning of the birth pains.

“But be on your guard. For they will deliver you over to councils, and you will be beaten in synagogues, and you will stand before governors and kings for my sake, to bear witness before them. And the gospel must first be proclaimed to all nations. And when they bring you to trial and deliver you over, do not be anxious beforehand what you are to say, but say whatever is given you in that hour, for it is not you who speak, but the Holy Spirit. And brother will deliver brother over to death, and the father his child, and children will rise against parents and have them put to death. And you will be hated by all for my name’s sake. But the one who endures to the end will be saved.

Engelbrecht, E. A. (2009). The Lutheran Study Bible. Concordia Publishing House:

(Abbreviations Reference Guide: https://www.reddit.com/r/Sunday/comments/1dg8y2u/)

13:1–2 Jesus begins to talk about the fall of Jerusalem and the end of the world with a prediction of the temple’s destruction. What makes a house of worship worthy is not its outward appearance but the Word of God in it. The temple in Jerusalem had been the “embassy” of heaven on earth. With the birth of Jesus, this temple would no longer serve that purpose. Now, in Jesus Christ, the fullness of the Godhead dwells bodily among us (cf Col 2:9). • “To this temple, where we call You, Come, O Lord of hosts, and stay; Come with all Your loving-kindness, Hear Your people as they pray.” Amen. (LSB 909:2)

13:3–13 Jesus warns His disciples about the coming troubles they will face as they bring the Gospel into the world. He encourages them to trust God and rely on the Holy Spirit, especially when they face opposition and persecution. Nobody likes to be shown his or her sin. As Christians proclaim Law and Gospel, they need to be ready to endure the loss of everything, including their lives. Because God wants all people to hear the Gospel, He prolongs the NT age so that the Church may witness to all the earth. To Him alone we owe the survival of our personal faith as well. • “Lord of harvest, great and kind, Rouse to action heart and mind; Let the gath’ring nations all See Your light and heed Your call.” Amen. (LSB 830:6)

Engelbrecht, E. A. (2009). The Lutheran Study Bible. Concordia Publishing House:

(Abbreviations Reference Guide: https://www.reddit.com/r/Sunday/comments/1dg8y2u/)

Ch 13 Jesus answers His disciples’ question (v 4) about the destruction of the temple, including descriptions of what the end of the world will be like. The upcoming events of AD 70, when the Romans would destroy Jerusalem (vv 1–23, 28–31), foreshadowed the events at the end of the world (vv 24–27). The close comparison of these events has confused some interpreters, esp those intent on figuring out when Christ would return. As you study ch 13, bear in mind Jesus’ most important point: judgment comes unexpectedly; therefore, remain faithful.

13:1 wonderful stones … buildings! Huge stone blocks, some measuring 37 ft long, 18 ft wide, and 12 ft high, and decorated with gold, were used to build Herod’s temple, one of the most impressive man-made structures of the ancient world.

13:2 See note, Mt 24:2: “Given the scale and splendor of the Jerusalem temple, Jesus’ prediction is all the more astounding. Yet it unfailingly came to pass, under the Roman general Titus, c 40 years later.”

13:3–37 Second of two extended sections of teaching (cf 4:1–32).

13:4 these things. Events mentioned in v 2. sign. Event that indicated destruction was imminent.

13:5 See note, Mt 24:4: “Significantly, the first statement about the end times is a warning against deception. Cf Mt 24:36, where Jesus teaches that no one can know or calculate when the Last Day will come.”

13:6 I am He! A claim to be the Messiah.

13:7–8 See note, Mt 24:6–7: “Because geopolitical conflicts and natural disasters are common, they cannot be used to determine the date of the end of the world. The frequency of such signs reminds us that we always need to be prepared for Jesus’ return.”

13:8 birth pains. See note, Mt 24:8: “Birth pains typically become more frequent and intense as the time of delivery approaches. So also it will be in the end times. The severity and frequency of cataclysmic events will increase.”

13:9 Persecution of Christians was common in the first century and is still common today in parts of the world. they. See note, Mt 24:9: “Jesus does not identify those who will persecute His followers. In every generation, of course, there are some who oppose Jesus’ cause and so seek to harm His Church.”

13:10 first. Before the end of the world and Judgment Day. to all nations. Jesus announces God’s plan to include the Gentiles.

13:11 The Holy Spirit would help them bear witness to the Gospel.

13:12 Anti-Christian sentiment would divide families, even to the point of close relatives handing over loved ones for execution.

13:13 hated by all. Because God’s Law offends and because Jesus claimed to be the only way to salvation (Jn 14:6). will be saved. By God’s grace through faith in Christ alone.

Welcome to Sunday -- This Discussion thread, much like the main thread in Tuesday, is for broader discussion than the main focus of the subreddit -- Although we would like it if we could get a focus on the religious, philosophical, and ethical discussions that the focus of the subreddit is on. That way we get to keep religion and politics separate!

The same rules apply as on Tuesday.

Have a blessed week ahead.

Gospel According to Mark, 12:38–44 (ESV):

Beware of the Scribes

And in his teaching he said, “Beware of the scribes, who like to walk around in long robes and like greetings in the marketplaces and have the best seats in the synagogues and the places of honor at feasts, who devour widows’ houses and for a pretense make long prayers. They will receive the greater condemnation.”

The Widow’s Offering

And he sat down opposite the treasury and watched the people putting money into the offering box. Many rich people put in large sums. And a poor widow came and put in two small copper coins, which make a penny. And he called his disciples to him and said to them, “Truly, I say to you, this poor widow has put in more than all those who are contributing to the offering box. For they all contributed out of their abundance, but she out of her poverty has put in everything she had, all she had to live on.”

Engelbrecht, E. A. (2009). The Lutheran Study Bible. Concordia Publishing House:

(Abbreviations Reference Guide: https://www.reddit.com/r/Sunday/comments/1dg8y2u/)

12:38–40 Jesus warns against using self-serving religion to elevate ourselves above others. Clergy especially need to listen to Jesus at this point. Jesus shows all religious leaders and scholars the model for their leadership: humility, service, and sacrifice, for His sacrifice has atoned for us all. • Lord, grant us humble hearts and willing spirits to fulfill our callings faithfully. Amen.

12:41–44 Jesus uses the sacrifice of a widow to illustrate for His disciples the character of absolute dependence on God. Wealth and possession can pose a spiritual threat—wealth has a way of owning its possessor. Jesus’ love and sacrifice motivate us to offer our whole lives to Him as our daily offering of gratitude. He gave up everything, including His life, on the cross for us. • “Take my life and let it be Consecrated, Lord, to Thee; Take my moments and my days, Let them flow in ceaseless praise.” Amen. (LSB 783:1)

Engelbrecht, E. A. (2009). The Lutheran Study Bible. Concordia Publishing House:

(Abbreviations Reference Guide: https://www.reddit.com/r/Sunday/comments/1dg8y2u/)

12:38 scribes. See note, Mt 2:4: “Students of God’s Word who interpreted and taught the Scriptures.” long robes. Mark of distinction, perhaps associated with holiness. greetings. Titles of honor and respect (e.g., “Rabbi,” “Teacher”).

12:39 best seats … places of honor. The place at the front of the synagogue or nearest the host at a banquet.

12:40 devour widows’ houses. With no other source of income, scribes often lived off the generosity of benefactors. Abuses followed. long prayers. Prayers offered to impress listeners, long in duration and short on faith. greater condemnation. With greater knowledge comes greater responsibility and accountability (cf Lk 12:47–48; Jas 3:1). Luth: “In spiritual gifts we far surpass others; but because we acknowledge these as gifts of God, not our own, granted to us for building up the body of Christ (Eph. 4:12), we do not become proud on their account. For we know that more is required of him to whom much is given than of him to whom little is given (Luke 12:48). In addition, we know that ‘God shows no partiality’ (Rom. 2:11). Therefore a faithful sexton is no less pleasing to God with his gift than is a preacher of the Word, for he serves God in the same faith and spirit. And so we should not honor the lowest Christians any less than they honor us. In this way we remain free of the poison of vainglory and walk by the Spirit” (AE 27:103).

12:41 treasury. Cf 1Ch 26:20–32. offering box. See note, Lk 21:1: “One of the 13 trumpet-shaped collection boxes in the court of the women that received offerings for the temple worship.”

12:42 copper coins. Smallest coins in use.

12:43 more. Proportionately more than all the others.

12:44 put in everything she had. The widow kept nothing for herself (cf 10:21; Rm 12:1–2).

Welcome to Sunday -- This Discussion thread, much like the main thread in Tuesday, is for broader discussion than the main focus of the subreddit -- Although we would like it if we could get a focus on the religious, philosophical, and ethical discussions that the focus of the subreddit is on. That way we get to keep religion and politics separate!

The same rules apply as on Tuesday.

Have a blessed week ahead.

Gospel According to Matthew, 5:1–12 (ESV):

The Sermon on the Mount

Seeing the crowds, he went up on the mountain, and when he sat down, his disciples came to him.

The Beatitudes

And he opened his mouth and taught them, saying: “Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. Blessed are those who mourn, for they shall be comforted. Blessed are the meek, for they shall inherit the earth. Blessed are those who hunger and thirst for righteousness, for they shall be satisfied. Blessed are the merciful, for they shall receive mercy. Blessed are the pure in heart, for they shall see God. Blessed are the peacemakers, for they shall be called sons of God. Blessed are those who are persecuted for righteousness’ sake, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. Blessed are you when others revile you and persecute you and utter all kinds of evil against you falsely on my account. Rejoice and be glad, for your reward is great in heaven, for so they persecuted the prophets who were before you.

Engelbrecht, E. A. (2009). The Lutheran Study Bible. Concordia Publishing House:

5:1–12 Jesus introduces His Sermon on the Mount with nine beatitudes that detail the future blessedness of His disciples. These promised blessings are God’s gracious gifts to those who repent of their sins and trust Christ for righteousness. Only after Jesus has assured His disciples of God’s goodness to them does He call on them, in the rest of His sermon, to be good and do good. When we recognize our own spiritual poverty, when the Lord leads us to hunger and thirst for God’s righteousness, when He makes us pure in heart so that we seek to worship only the true God, then we are blessed, now and forever. • Gracious Savior, keep my eyes ever focused on You and Your blessings, which are mine by grace alone. Amen.

Engelbrecht, E. A. (2009). The Lutheran Study Bible. Concordia Publishing House:

(Abbreviations Reference Guide: https://www.reddit.com/r/Sunday/comments/1dg8y2u/)

5:1 Seeing the crowds. Jesus separated Himself from the “great crowds” (4:25), though some did hear His teaching (7:28). mountain. Location unknown. Mountains were common sites for significant events (cf 17:1). Jesus’ teaching in chs 5–7 has long been known as the Sermon on the Mount. It is the first of five major sermons, or discourses, in Mt (cf ch 10; 13:1–52; ch 18; chs 24–25). Aug: “The sermon before us is perfect in all the precepts by which the Christian life is moulded” (NPNF 1 6:3). sat down. Rabbis typically sat to teach. disciples. Gk mathetes; “learner,” “apprentice.” Common in Gospels and Ac, but never used in Epistles. Often means the 12 called “apostles” (10:1–2), but can also mean a larger group of adherents. The feminine form appears once (see note, Ac 9:36). Here, the term includes the four fishermen (cf 4:18–22) plus others from the crowds who responded to Jesus’ call to repent.

5:3–11 Blessed. Jesus began His sermon by nine times declaring His disciples blessed because of what God had in store for them. Jesus was not making ethical demands of His followers but was describing blessings they would fully enjoy in the new heaven and new earth (Rv 21:1). The beatitudes are a common literary form found throughout Scripture (e.g., Ps 1:1; Lk 11:28; Rv 19:9).

5:3 poor in spirit. The spiritually poor who acknowledge their moral bankruptcy. Cf Lk 4:18. theirs is the kingdom of heaven. A possession that disciples enjoy even now by faith. This blessing is repeated in v 10. Aug: “The one reward, which is the kingdom of heaven, is variously named [in the Beatitudes]” (NPNF 1 6:7).

5:4 mourn. Over sin; similar to the spiritually poor (see note, v 3). comforted. The comfort the Messiah brings will be fully realized in heaven.

5:5 meek. Lowly, humble. inherit the earth. We will inherit the new heavens and new earth after our bodies are resurrected on the Last Day.

5:6 hunger and thirst for righteousness. Fervent desire for God’s righteousness, or salvation (Is 51:5–8; cf 3:15). satisfied. Luth: “We have the clear assurance that God does not cast aside sinners, that is, those who recognize their sin and desire to come to their senses, who thirst for righteousness (Matt. 5:6)” (AE 2:41).

5:7 merciful … receive mercy. A disciple who truly appreciates God’s blessings will be a merciful person and will receive mercy (cf 18:33).

5:8 pure in heart. Those who do not worship false gods. Aug: “A pure heart … is a single heart: and just as this light cannot be seen, except with pure eyes; so neither is God seen, unless that is pure by which He can be seen” (NPNF 1 6:5). see God. The worshiper in Ps 24 who sought the face of God experienced the coming of the King of glory (vv 7–10). Such disciples look forward to seeing God. See note, Jn 1:18: «No one has ever seen God. Chrys: “[The prophets saw] instances of (His) condescension, not the vision of the Essence itself unveiled” (NPNF 1 14:51). only. Gk monogenes, “only-begotten”; expresses Christ’s divinity and origin from the Father, and thus His complete uniqueness from all other beings. at the Father’s side … made Him known. Whoever saw Christ, therefore, saw the Father (cf 14:9), in whom Christ was always abiding.»

5:9 peacemakers. Jesus would send out His disciples to bring peace to those who were worthy (10:13). called sons of God. The Son of God is named the Prince of Peace (Is 9:6). Those who trust in Him are blessed by being God’s sons and daughters (Gal 3:26–28).

5:10 persecuted for righteousness’ sake. Jesus later warned the disciples He sent out as peacemakers (v 9) that persecution would also be their lot (10:16–22). Aug: “Where there is no sound faith, there can be no righteousness, for the just [righteous] man lives by faith” (NPNF 1 6:7). theirs … heaven. See note, v 3.

5:11 Blessed are you. Jesus spoke the first eight beatitudes using the third person (“they”). In this final beatitude, He addressed His disciples directly using the second person (“you”) for emphasis. He continued using “you” until 7:13. on My account. For being Christ’s disciple. “Troubles are not always punishments for certain past deeds, but they are God’s works, intended for our benefit, and that God’s power might be made more apparent in our weakness” (Ap XIIB 63).

5:12 Rejoice and be glad. The source of joy for a disciple who suffers persecution is the promise of heaven. reward. Though Jesus used this term when referring to heavenly blessings, He taught that the reward would be based on God’s goodness, not the amount of work done (cf 20:1–15). Any reward our heavenly Father gives is an expression of His grace. “We confess that eternal life is a reward; it is something due because of the promise, not because of our merits” (Ap V 241). Hus: “When [a disciple] has patiently continued to endure[,] it helps to purify him as tools [purify] iron, and fire gold, and it helps to increase his reward of beatitude” (The Church, p 270). See notes, 1Co 3:8, 14: «one. Equal and united. wages. The reward for faithful service, not implying that one can earn salvation. God’s favor is unmerited (e.g., Eph 2:8). The joy of success in Christ surpasses any payment. “We teach that rewards have been offered and promised for the works of believers. We teach that good works have merit, not for forgiveness of sins, for grace, or for justification (for these we receive only through faith), but for other rewards, bodily and spiritual, in this life and after this life” (Ap V 73). Just as fire tests the durability of various building materials, Christ’s judgment will expose whether deeds and teachings are pure or impure. “The ‘foundation’ is the true knowledge of Christ and faith. There are also many weak persons, who build upon the foundation stubble that will perish (1Co 3:12), holding certain harmful opinions. Nevertheless, because the weak do not overthrow the foundation, they are both forgiven and corrected. The writings of the Holy Fathers declare that sometimes even they built stubble upon the foundation, but that this did not overthrow their faith” (Ap VII and VIII 20–21).» prophets. OT prophets were persecuted (cf 2Ch 24:21; Jer 20:2).

Welcome to Sunday -- This Discussion thread, much like the main thread in Tuesday, is for broader discussion than the main focus of the subreddit -- Although we would like it if we could get a focus on the religious, philosophical, and ethical discussions that the focus of the subreddit is on. That way we get to keep religion and politics separate!

The same rules apply as on Tuesday.

Have a blessed week ahead.

Gospel according to John, 8:31–38 (ESV):

The Truth Will Set You Free

So Jesus said to the Jews who had believed him, “If you abide in my word, you are truly my disciples, and you will know the truth, and the truth will set you free.” They answered him, “We are offspring of Abraham and have never been enslaved to anyone. How is it that you say, ‘You will become free’?”

Jesus answered them, “Truly, truly, I say to you, everyone who practices sin is a slave to sin. The slave does not remain in the house forever; the son remains forever. So if the Son sets you free, you will be free indeed. I know that you are offspring of Abraham; yet you seek to kill me because my word finds no place in you. I speak of what I have seen with my Father, and you do what you have heard from your father.”

Engelbrecht, E. A. (2009). The Lutheran Study Bible. Concordia Publishing House:

8:31–38 Jews with a weak faith in Jesus balk when He says that true freedom comes through Him and His teaching. Humans are self-centered from birth and in bondage to sin, unable to please God (Rm 8:8). Through Jesus’ sacrificial death and resurrection, He provides liberation from sin, death, and the devil to all who believe and are baptized into His name. • Grant that I may remain faithful to Your Word until my last hour, O Lord. Amen.

Engelbrecht, E. A. (2009). The Lutheran Study Bible. Concordia Publishing House:

(Abbreviations Reference Guide: https://www.reddit.com/r/Sunday/comments/1dg8y2u/)

8:31 abide in My word. Speaking to those whose belief in Him was superficial, Jesus explained that discipleship meant accepting all of His teaching and remaining faithful to it. See note, 6:56: «abides. Major theme in Jn, defining the relationship not only of persons in the Trinity (1:32–33; 14:10; 15:10), but also between believers and Christ (5:38; 8:31; 15:7, 9–10). Bern: “I wish to follow with all my strength the lowly Jesus; I wish Him, who loved me and gave Himself for me, to embrace me with the arms of His love, which suffered in my stead; but I must also feed on the Paschal Lamb, for unless I eat His Flesh and drink His Blood I have no life in me. It is one thing to follow Jesus, another to hold Him, another to feed on Him. To follow Him is a life-giving purpose; to hold and embrace Him a solemn joy; to feed on Him a blissful life” (SLSB, pp 292–93).»

8:32 truth will set you free. Cf 14:6. Only in Jesus and His teaching will anyone be free from sin, death, and Satan’s rule, and thus free to serve God with a pure heart. In contrast, Judaism taught that study of God’s Law made a person free.

8:33 never been enslaved. Though presently subject to Rome and the Herodians, these proud leaders asserted their independence by appealing to the heritage of Abraham, a free man.

8:34 slave to sin. Since the fall, all people are sinners and enslaved to sin, bound to self-centeredness, doomed to death, and blind to their slavery.

8:35–36 A slave can never be sure of present or future status. Only the Son, Jesus Christ, can bring genuine freedom and make us children of God through faith.

8:36 “As Christ says, [baptized people] have been made free again [John 8:36]. Therefore, they are able not only to hear the Word, but also to agree with it and accept it, although in great weakness” (FC SD II 67).

8:37 you seek to kill Me. Cf 7:19, 25.

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Gospel According to Mark, 10:23–31 (ESV):

And Jesus looked around and said to his disciples, “How difficult it will be for those who have wealth to enter the kingdom of God!” And the disciples were amazed at his words. But Jesus said to them again, “Children, how difficult it is to enter the kingdom of God! It is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich person to enter the kingdom of God.” And they were exceedingly astonished, and said to him, “Then who can be saved?” Jesus looked at them and said, “With man it is impossible, but not with God. For all things are possible with God.” Peter began to say to him, “See, we have left everything and followed you.” Jesus said, “Truly, I say to you, there is no one who has left house or brothers or sisters or mother or father or children or lands, for my sake and for the gospel, who will not receive a hundredfold now in this time, houses and brothers and sisters and mothers and children and lands, with persecutions, and in the age to come eternal life. But many who are first will be last, and the last first.”

Engelbrecht, E. A. (2009). The Lutheran Study Bible. Concordia Publishing House:

(Abbreviations Reference Guide: https://www.reddit.com/r/Sunday/comments/1dg8y2u/)

10:17–31 Jesus teaches His disciples that not even people with the greatest worldly means (e.g., a rich man) can enter the kingdom of God on their own merit. We cannot justify ourselves; we receive salvation (“inherit eternal life”) solely by grace through faith in Jesus, just like a little child (10:13–16). • “My heart’s delight, My crown most bright, O Christ, my joy forever. Not wealth nor pride Nor fortune’s tide Our bonds of love shall sever.” Amen. (LSB 557:4)

Engelbrecht, E. A. (2009). The Lutheran Study Bible. Concordia Publishing House:

(Abbreviations Reference Guide: https://www.reddit.com/r/Sunday/comments/1dg8y2u/)

10:24–25 See note, Mt 19:23–24: “Jesus does not state that rich people cannot be saved. camel … needle. Hyperbolic imagery to impress upon His hearers just how serious an impediment riches can be. Significantly, the NT depicts numerous wealthy people becoming disciples and using their money and influence in a God-pleasing way (e.g., Joseph of Arimathea, Mt 27:57–61; Zacchaeus, Lk 19:1–10; Lydia, Ac 16:13–15). See note, Mk 10:25.”

10:24 amazed. The Jews regarded wealth as a mark of God’s favor. The disciples thought rich people had the best chance to enter the kingdom of God because of all the good things they could afford to do. Children. Term of affection. how difficult it is to enter. Understatement. No people will ever enter the Kingdom based on their own reason or strength.

10:25 Even the rich fail to enter the kingdom of God by their own efforts. A camel, proverbially the largest animal, had a better chance of slipping through the eye of a needle, proverbially the smallest opening, than the most favored human being had of entering the kingdom of God through works.

10:26 The disciples thought that Jesus had just told them that no human could enter the kingdom of God.

10:27 People cannot enter the kingdom of God on their own merit. Yet, God calls and gathers people into His kingdom by grace (cf Rm 3:21–26).

10:28 See note, Mt 19:27: “Though based on a misunderstanding, Peter’s anguished cry is nonetheless poignant, for he had left everything to follow Jesus. Owing to the heartfelt nature of Peter’s exclamation, Jesus responds not with a rebuke but with a wonderful promise and reassurance (Mt 19:28–30).”

10:29 Following Jesus entailed the loss of possessions, even life itself. “He is speaking not of those who injure wife and children, but who bear injury because of the confession of the Gospel. For the Gospel’s sake we should even leave our body” (Ap XXVII 41–42).

10:30 hundredfold. More than replacing what we lost to follow Him. persecutions. Satan will always stir up opposition against God’s people. age to come. After the resurrection of the dead (cf Mt 19:28).

10:31 The poor, sinners, and Gentiles whose confidence was in God alone would enter the Kingdom ahead of those whose spiritual confidence was in their worldly power and wealth.

Welcome to Sunday -- This Discussion thread, much like the main thread in Tuesday, is for broader discussion than the main focus of the subreddit -- Although we would like it if we could get a focus on the religious, philosophical, and ethical discussions that the focus of the subreddit is on. That way we get to keep religion and politics separate!

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Gospel According to Mark, 10:17–22 (ESV):

The Rich Young Man

And as he was setting out on his journey, a man ran up and knelt before him and asked him, “Good Teacher, what must I do to inherit eternal life?” And Jesus said to him, “Why do you call me good? No one is good except God alone. You know the commandments: ‘Do not murder, Do not commit adultery, Do not steal, Do not bear false witness, Do not defraud, Honor your father and mother.’” And he said to him, “Teacher, all these I have kept from my youth.” And Jesus, looking at him, loved him, and said to him, “You lack one thing: go, sell all that you have and give to the poor, and you will have treasure in heaven; and come, follow me.” Disheartened by the saying, he went away sorrowful, for he had great possessions.

Engelbrecht, E. A. (2009). The Lutheran Study Bible. Concordia Publishing House:

(Abbreviations Reference Guide: https://www.reddit.com/r/Sunday/comments/1dg8y2u/)

10:17–31 Jesus teaches His disciples that not even people with the greatest worldly means (e.g., a rich man) can enter the kingdom of God on their own merit. We cannot justify ourselves; we receive salvation (“inherit eternal life”) solely by grace through faith in Jesus, just like a little child (10:13–16). • “My heart’s delight, My crown most bright, O Christ, my joy forever. Not wealth nor pride Nor fortune’s tide Our bonds of love shall sever.” Amen. (LSB 557:4)

Engelbrecht, E. A. (2009). The Lutheran Study Bible. Concordia Publishing House:

(Abbreviations Reference Guide: https://www.reddit.com/r/Sunday/comments/1dg8y2u/)

10:17 Teacher. See note, Mt 8:19: “Teacher. Gk didaskalos corresponds to Hbr rabbi. Strangers and critics (e.g., scribes) used this term when addressing Jesus to show they did not regard Him as an authority (cf Mt 12:38). Jesus’ disciples seldom used this term (cf Mt 8:2, 6).” inherit. Inheritance is not given based on merit. See “heir,” p 1902: «heir. Gk kleronomos, “one who receives the promise” or “chosen one.” Describes the relationship of believers to the heavenly Father, based on grace.»

10:18 God alone. Jesus changes the focus from the man’s works to who God is.

10:19 See note, Mt 19:18–19: “Jesus summarizes the Second Table of the Law (Commandments 4–10). Though Jesus fulfilled on our behalf the ceremonial aspects of the Mosaic Law (circumcision, clean/unclean, Sabbath observance, and the like), He strictly upheld the enduring validity of the Law’s moral code, which has to do with our treatment of fellow human beings. That emphasis fits perfectly with the demand Jesus will lay upon this young man in Mt 19:21.” defraud. Refers to coveting (Ex 20:17).

10:21 See note, Mt 19:21: “perfect. Perfection involves not only avoiding sins but also actively fulfilling acts of sacrificial love. sell. Jesus addresses the man’s greatest weakness. Though he claimed to keep all the Commandments, he failed to keep the first one because he loved his wealth more than he loved God. give to the poor. Jesus proclaims a harsh Law. Though this expectation is tailored to this young man, Jesus does expect charity from all disciples. treasure in heaven. Faithful generosity here on earth will result in the Lord rewarding us in heaven (cf Mt 25:31–46), but it does not cause us to be in heaven. That is the gift of Christ’s grace alone. Neither are these rewards the best motive for serving others; that is a response of a grateful faith. follow Me. How Jesus invited people into discipleship (Mt 4:19–22; 9:9; 16:24).” loved him. Jesus did not speak harshly or out of anger, but compassionately. He sought to strip away the man’s self-deception about having kept the Law.

Welcome to Sunday -- This Discussion thread, much like the main thread in Tuesday, is for broader discussion than the main focus of the subreddit -- Although we would like it if we could get a focus on the religious, philosophical, and ethical discussions that the focus of the subreddit is on. That way we get to keep religion and politics separate!

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Gospel According to Mark, 10:2–16 (ESV):

And Pharisees came up and in order to test him asked, “Is it lawful for a man to divorce his wife?” He answered them, “What did Moses command you?” They said, “Moses allowed a man to write a certificate of divorce and to send her away.” And Jesus said to them, “Because of your hardness of heart he wrote you this commandment. But from the beginning of creation, ‘God made them male and female.’ ‘Therefore a man shall leave his father and mother and hold fast to his wife, and the two shall become one flesh.’ So they are no longer two but one flesh. What therefore God has joined together, let not man separate.”

And in the house the disciples asked him again about this matter. And he said to them, “Whoever divorces his wife and marries another commits adultery against her, and if she divorces her husband and marries another, she commits adultery.”

Let the Children Come to Me

And they were bringing children to him that he might touch them, and the disciples rebuked them. But when Jesus saw it, he was indignant and said to them, “Let the children come to me; do not hinder them, for to such belongs the kingdom of God. Truly, I say to you, whoever does not receive the kingdom of God like a child shall not enter it.” And he took them in his arms and blessed them, laying his hands on them.

Engelbrecht, E. A. (2009). The Lutheran Study Bible. Concordia Publishing House:

(Abbreviations Reference Guide: https://www.reddit.com/r/Sunday/comments/1dg8y2u/)

10:1–12 Jesus teaches that God wants a man and a woman in marriage to be exclusively committed to each other for life. Attempts to alter or get around God’s good intentions bring condemnation, not greater liberty. Thoughtfully and prayerfully embrace God’s ways. What He establishes is for our good and stems from His love and grace. • “O Spirit of the Father, Breathe on them from above, So searching in Your pureness, So tender in Your love That, guarded by Your presence And kept from strife and sin, Their hearts may heed Your guidance And know You dwell within.” Amen. (LSB 858:3)

10:13–16 This story is the key to the chapter, showing us that salvation is a gift of grace through faith in Jesus Christ. We trust the Lord as a child trusts a parent. We do not earn God’s love and favor by keeping the Law, especially when we look for loopholes to excuse our sinful behavior (cf 10:1–12). All people, like helpless children, receive Jesus’ blessing and enter the Kingdom through faith in Him. • “You have promised to receive us, Poor and sinful though we be; You have mercy to relieve us, Grace to cleanse, and pow’r to free. Blessed Jesus, blessed Jesus, Early let us turn to You. Blessed Jesus, blessed Jesus, Early let us turn to You.” Amen. (LSB 711:3)

Engelbrecht, E. A. (2009). The Lutheran Study Bible. Concordia Publishing House:

(Abbreviations Reference Guide: https://www.reddit.com/r/Sunday/comments/1dg8y2u/)

Ch 10 The key to this chapter is that God accepts us by grace through faith in Jesus, not through obedience or status, just as children receive love they do not earn.

10:2 The Pharisees sought either to justify themselves or to trap Jesus.

10:4 certificate of divorce. See note, Dt 24:1: «some indecency. Lit, “nakedness”; suggests indecent exposure, not adultery, for that would be punished by death. Luther condemned this perversion: “If one took a fancy to another’s wife, he might declare any reason both to dismiss his own wife and to estrange his neighbor’s wife from him, so that he might get her in a way that appeared right. That was not considered a sin or a disgrace among them” (LC I 295). writes. Israel’s leadership was likely literate, but the general population probably was not.»

10:5 hardness of heart. See note, Mt 19:8: «Because of the perennial problem of failed marriages, the Law given to Moses made provision for divorce. Even so, Jesus shows divorce was never a part of God’s intention, but a concession made because of “hardness of heart.” This also illustrates why the civil laws of the OT could not remain in force forever—they were designed to meet the needs of Israel.»; see also “Hard-heartedness,” p 1653: «Of the Gospels, Mark provides the most negative description of Jesus’ disciples. In 6:45–52 and 8:14–21, they fail to understand who Jesus is and what He is teaching (cf 4:13, 35–41; 7:14–19; 8:1–10; 9:14–19, 33–37; 10:13–16, 35–45; 14:3–21, 26–31; 16:14). He repeatedly refers to hardness of heart (3:5; 6:52; 8:17; 10:5), which is how the Lord described Pharaoh in the exodus. Even the women, who faithfully mourn at Jesus’ crucifixion and visit His tomb, flee in fear at the announcement of the resurrection (16:8). This emphasis prompts readers to consider the condition of their own hearts and faith.»

10:6–8 God intended marriage to be lifelong. See notes, Mt 19:4–5, 6: “Rather than immediately answering His opponents’ question, Jesus first underlines God’s intent for marriage. Quoting Gn 1:27; 2:24, Jesus emphasizes God’s will that married couples share a lifelong, monogamous union, and that gender is an essential feature of God’s created order. God has joined. Marriage is a divine institution, not merely a cultural institution that can be changed at will. let not man separate. God desires that married couples remain together until parted by death.”

10:11–12 Jesus likely shocked His disciples (cf Mt 19:10), since other teachers were more permissive and even the law seemed to grant this as a right. See note, Mt 19:9: “except for sexual immorality. Jesus does not teach that divorce is required if husband or wife has sexual contact with another outside of marriage. In some cases, through repentance and forgiveness, couples are able to overcome such immorality. This exception clause simply allows for the possibility. commits adultery. Divorce and remarriage for reasons other than sexual immorality result in a union that is inherently adulterous. Jesus permits remarriage only if one is widowed or the victim of a spouse’s sexual immorality.”

10:13 touch. To bless them. See note, Mt 19:13: “lay His hands on them and pray. OT associates the imposition of hands most often with sacrificial (Lv 1:4) and consecratory rites (Dt 34:9). However, examples in Gn 27:23; 48:14–18 show that blessings and inheritance were bestowed on family members in this way.” disciples rebuked them. They thought children were not important and thus limited their access to Jesus. Cf 9:36–37.

10:14 See note, Lk 18:16: “to such belongs the kingdom. The kingdom of God comes to all who humbly trust the Lord, no matter what their age or status (1Co 1:27–29). belongs. Just as an infant may inherit the parents’ blessings and property, so any person may receive the inheritance of God’s kingdom—salvation. Grace, faith, and everlasting life are gifts of God.” indignant. Righteous anger.

10:15 the kingdom. The kingdom of God’s grace, equivalent to salvation. like a child. In simple trust. See note, Mt 18:5: “one such child. One who humbly trusts in the Lord (Mt 18:4). Jesus identified Himself with such children (Mt 11:25; 25:40, 45).” “I act as a child who is being taught the catechism.… But I must remain a child and pupil of the catechism, and am glad to remain so” (LC, Longer Preface 7–8).

10:16 blessed. See note, Mt 19:13: “lay His hands on them and pray. OT associates the imposition of hands most often with sacrificial (Lv 1:4) and consecratory rites (Dt 34:9). However, examples in Gn 27:23; 48:14–18 show that blessings and inheritance were bestowed on family members in this way.”; see also p 842: «blessed. Hbr ’ashar, “happy, blissful” having God’s gifts.» laying His hands on them. See note, Mt 19:15: “laid His hands on them. Jesus often touched those whom He was healing (Mt 8:3, 15; 9:29; 20:34); here He imparts another kind of blessing.”

Welcome to Sunday -- This Discussion thread, much like the main thread in Tuesday, is for broader discussion than the main focus of the subreddit -- Although we would like it if we could get a focus on the religious, philosophical, and ethical discussions that the focus of the subreddit is on. That way we get to keep religion and politics separate!

The same rules apply as on Tuesday.

Have a blessed week ahead.

Gospel According to Mark, 9:38–50 (ESV)

Anyone Not Against Us Is for Us

John said to him, “Teacher, we saw someone casting out demons in your name, and we tried to stop him, because he was not following us.” But Jesus said, “Do not stop him, for no one who does a mighty work in my name will be able soon afterward to speak evil of me. For the one who is not against us is for us. For truly, I say to you, whoever gives you a cup of water to drink because you belong to Christ will by no means lose his reward.

Temptations to Sin

“Whoever causes one of these little ones who believe in me to sin, it would be better for him if a great millstone were hung around his neck and he were thrown into the sea. And if your hand causes you to sin, cut it off. It is better for you to enter life crippled than with two hands to go to hell, to the unquenchable fire. And if your foot causes you to sin, cut it off. It is better for you to enter life lame than with two feet to be thrown into hell. And if your eye causes you to sin, tear it out. It is better for you to enter the kingdom of God with one eye than with two eyes to be thrown into hell, ‘where their worm does not die and the fire is not quenched.’ For everyone will be salted with fire. Salt is good, but if the salt has lost its saltiness, how will you make it salty again? Have salt in yourselves, and be at peace with one another.”

Engelbrecht, E. A. (2009). The Lutheran Study Bible. Concordia Publishing House:

9:38–41 Jesus opens the disciples’ eyes to see those who do God’s work in dramatic or simple ways. The work of God goes far beyond us. He shows His power and kindness through great life-changing miracles and simple cups of water. • Lord, thank You for Your work through the lives of others. Lead me to welcome those miracles and mercies that You show through every one of Your people. Amen.

9:42–50 Nothing is more important than retaining the faith unto eternal life. Let nothing come between you and the Savior. Though He tests us with fire, He does not consume His own people. Rejoice, for God graciously gives us the faith in which He preserves us to eternity. • Lord, give us the lasting faith that can persevere through every trial. Empty our hands of anything that competes with You, and let us hold firmly to You eternally. Amen.

Engelbrecht, E. A. (2009). The Lutheran Study Bible. Concordia Publishing House:

(Abbreviations Reference Guide: https://www.reddit.com/r/Sunday/comments/1dg8y2u/)

9:38 Teacher. See note, Mt 8:19: «Gk didaskalos corresponds to Hbr rabbi. Strangers and critics (e.g., scribes) used this term when addressing Jesus to show they did not regard Him as an authority (cf Mt 12:38). Jesus’ disciples seldom used this term (cf Mt 8:2, 6).» we tried to stop him. The disciples were protecting their exclusive status with Jesus.

9:39 a mighty work in My name. Exorcism, a divine work that should not be stopped. speak evil of Me. One who worked good in God’s name would not curse His name.

9:41 Smallest kindness of God could be as simple as giving a cup of water. you belong to Christ. Even a small, generous act gives glory to Christ (v 37). reward. See note, Mt 5:12: «Though Jesus used this term when referring to heavenly blessings, He taught that the reward would be based on God’s goodness, not the amount of work done (cf Mt 20:1–15). Any reward our heavenly Father gives is an expression of His grace. “We confess that eternal life is a reward; it is something due because of the promise, not because of our merits” (Ap V 241). Hus: “When [a disciple] has patiently continued to endure[,] it helps to purify him as tools [purify] iron, and fire gold, and it helps to increase his reward of beatitude” (The Church, p 270).»

9:42 little ones. Gk micros, “smallest child” (cf vv 36–37; 10:13–16). to sin. Results in the loss of faith. great millstone. See note, Jb 41:24: “Commonly made from black basalt, a fine-grained volcanic stone.”

9:43 Nothing is more important than faith unto eternal life. hell. Gk geenna; from Hbr name for the Hinnom Valley southwest of Jerusalem, where humans were sacrificed (2Ch 28:3; 33:6) and garbage was dumped (2Ki 23:10). Fire was constantly present in the Hinnom Valley due to sacrifices and burning trash; this became a figure for the everlasting fire of hell, as the ESV translation suggests. Used only in Mk (vv 43, 45, 47).

9:47 kingdom of God … hell. Heaven and eternal life in contrast to eternal death.

9:48 The torments of hell.

9:49 salted with fire. Fire purified and salt preserved. Christians may be kept in the true faith through the trials they endure.

9:50 See note, Mt 5:13: «salt of the earth. By their way of life, Jesus’ disciples are to be as useful as salt is. lost its taste. Becoming useless. saltiness be restored? Lit, “How shall it [humankind] be salted?” Humanity will not benefit if salt—or disciples—become useless. One might as well throw it out to be trampled underfoot.» peace. Faith brought peace, which was esp needed among contentious disciples.