Any one who reads more into the history of China beyond the simplified soundbites presented by general history books, 101 intro college courses, and short Youtube clips would know that the country's last monarch line, the Qing Dynasty, was not a native one but a government installed by outside invades who were deemed as barbarians, an ethnic group by the name of the Manchus. And that while the Qing Manchus did effectively assimilated by some degree to general Chinese society..... To the point most Manchus did not know how to communicate in the Manchu language by the dynasty's last years and adopted Mandarin, the prime-majority language of China, as their first tongue and Chinese culture got heavily influenced by Manchu aesthetics such as hair cuts, formal clothes, etc were used across mainstream Chinese society and the upperclass posh fashions wee using the traditional Manchu royalty's customs.........

The Manchus never fully blended in with the majority of the populace. Manchus chose not to identify as Han Mandarin, the majority ethic group of China, and kept openly proclaiming they were their own groups the Manchus up until the last decade of the dynasty where they faced genocide across China. Pretty much across the existence of the dynasty, the Manchu segregated themselves in separate communities. Often these were the fanciest areas of cities and large towns and wee kept off-limits y Han and other ethnic groups except for government officials engaged in their civil duties and traders with perhaps every now and then some local mercenaries and the military or militia.

Manchus had far more rights than your average person living in China during the Qing period. A lot of laws that would result in exile or long-term imprisonment if not even the death penalty would simply be given a very light punishment to a Manchu guilty of the same crimes such as paying a light fine or wearing a collar to indivate shame and other unbeleivable unfair easygoing punishments. Manchus could often get away with crimes committed against non-Manchu and had automatic favoring in court cases. Job positions were given instant favoritism towards Manchus esp high government positions. And all Manchus regardless of their social class and their reputation in society were given a free lodging, free hospital access and healthcare, primitive equivalents of food stamp or at least access and so many more benefits including among them a stipend which gave Manchu free cash that they can use on anything they want. So an individual Manchu would never have to work a day in his life without starving while still having some wealth to be able to wear some neat clothes and while drinking at a bar or play at gambling dens or even visit prostitutes for casual fun sex.

Thats just the some of the privileges the Qing Manchus had as the ruling elites of China during the last dynasty and I haven't touched upon the crimes the Qing had done like mass ethnic cleansing of entire regions, the genocide of entire groups and cultures that have now been wholly exterminated for centuries, and the sex trafficking of non-Manchu women esp from outside of China such as Korea, Vietnam, Mongolia, the Ottoman Empire, even places as fa as Czarist Russia and Japan along with the Philippines.

As well as forbidding Manchus fro marrying non-Manchus including the 2% upperclass Han Mandarin elites.

And with all this preliminary information I just provided, you fellow Netziens shouldn't be surprised that when the Qing dynasty fell in 1911, there was practically a genocide of the Manchu peoples across China and the survivors were either sold into slavery (including formerly Manchu women from the nobility being forced to work at brothels), escaped China into other countries, or changed their names into something that sounds Mandarin and modernizing themselves into contemporary Chinese culture to hide among the general populace. Only a few of the richest and/or highest ranking Manchu aristocrats still lived in China after the 1920s with traditional Manchu names and living with blatant lifestyles of their culture with their old fashioned clothes and whatnot openly in northern China as seen with the last Emperor Puyi (and only because they wee still deemed too important in their political authority that successor governments felt the need to protect them from anti-Manchu violence).

The historical reputation of the Manchus is so negative that even today there is still racism against Manchu people in China and other places that the Qing dynasty had heavy incursions in. To the point a common joke in Chinese history is that the Manchu Qing dynasty was the most successful Apartheid state that ever existed in history.

All this intro stuff I wrote should already make it obvious for those of you who didn't know much about China and her history, that she has one thing in common with India. That just like India, China is a giant landmass full of plenty and plenty of different ethnic groups, social castes, and religions. And both countries as a result suffered through long periods of civil wars, religious extremism, ethnic racism, social movements seeking, to abolish the pre-existing hierarchy, gigantic wealth inequality, disagreements between traditionalists and modernizers, and so much more. They both suffered disunity that still plagues both nations today and that the current governments they have are working slowly and subtly to somewhat erase the various different cultures, religions, and languages (or at least unit them under a pan ideal) to finally make their lands homogeneous.

And so with how similar India and China are in the flow and ebb of their histories, it makes me wonder-did India ever have an empire, dynasty, or some either ruling entity made up of foreignes who came in to invade the whole country and instill themselves as rulers over the majority?

The Mughals and other empires dominated by Muslims or whose ancestors came from what is now modern Pakistan after its been Islamicized don't count in what I ask because Islam never became the blatant majority of India. s the Manchus during their adoption of the mainstream contemporary Mandarin cultures, gradually syncretized their gods with that of China to the point that by the 5th emperor, they already adopted the belief that local Chinese equivalents of Manchu shamanism's Gods were one and the same and Mandarin temples and art works were being used in worship by Manchu. By the 19th century most Manchus forgot their gods' original names and always just assumed the same deities Hans and other Chinese worshiped were always worshiped y Manchu religion with the same appearance, names, etc. So Manchus basically adopted local Chinese gods (or at least syncretized to Chinese culture the point of seeing them as equals and one and the same).

And this makes it obvious the British don't count either. Because on top of having different religions, the British not only never attempted to adopt a local language for government use and instead enforced English, plenty of individuals even among the rich plantation owners and businessmen and political officials never learned any local languages for daily interactions with your average Indian. On top of the UK not being from a nearby landmass outside of the Indian subcontinent in the sense that the ancestors of the Manchus originated from modern Mongolia's borders and the heartland of the Manchu people before they invaded China actually is in what is now Manchuria in modern China (in fact Manchuria was originally called Inner Mongolia by the Chinese for a very long time even after World War 1).

So I guess to be more specific, by equivalent I mean a group that looks reasonably similar enough to outsiders that they can pass as Indian and Pakistani in physical appearance and even have clothes and other stuff that look similar to stereotypical Indian style and flair to non-Indians. And that they come from a country outside India today that is near the Indian subcontinent if not even inside modern India (but traditionally wasn't considered as being in India until more recent times). That had lots of interactions with the historical Indian and Pakistani empires esp in trade and wars just like the Mongolic peoples who engaged in both frequently and more with the various Chinese peoples. And just like the Manchus despite adopting a lot of Indian cultures to be able to have smooth interactions daily, they essentially kept themselves in an Apartheid from the rest of India and became so hated because of the racist privileges members of this group got that most Indians in their empire was excluded from.

So who would be India's own equivalent of the Manchu Qing ruling class in her history?

Pakistan claims Kashmir, Gilgit and Baltistan because these territories are Muslim majority, but Ladakh is a Buddhist majority territory so why does Pakistan claim it?

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Just curious what your experience is like when traveling outside the country. Do you feel racism is rising, especially towards Desi people in general? I can give a few examples here: getting side-eyes or, in general, poor treatment from immigration officers or hotel staff members, getting completely ignored, or worse, even shouted at when trying to buy something, and getting denied entry to certain venues (by receiving vague excuses). Please do share if you have other instances of racism while traveling.

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Feel free to drop ideas, whether it's specific elements (like chai cups, traditional patterns, language, etc.) or themes you'd like to see represented. Your input would mean a lot!

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