Hi everyone,

I was wondering if anyone could share any insight or advice. I am 28 years old (F), Chinese American, born and raised in MA.

I’ve been living here my whole life. Im a healthcare provider so it’s a great place to work however, I struggle a lot mentally during the winters (mainly Oct-March) which is almost half the year. I can’t stand the lack of sunshine and cold weather. All I want to do is be in the sun, be in at least 70 degree weather, and be near the ocean, etc. I love planting and harvesting my own veggies (which can only be done in the summer here), and I envy those who get to catch & cook as part of their lives. Growing up in an immigrant Asian household, my parents taught me to never waste food. For example, they always bought fish whole and used every part of it one way or another in cooking (you get the jist). My partner is pretty wasteful with food and it lowkey kills me every time I see him throwing something away for the sake of “clutter.”

Anyways I recently visited Hawaii and idk what it was. The weather, how everyone at the restaurant I went to knew each other (community feel), the way people live and love their land here. Additionally, the people there looked more like me.

Everyday since I’ve been back home I can’t stop thinking about Hawaii and I feel my heart just isn’t happy here in New England. I have these crazy thoughts about moving there but Im very well aware of the controversy with mainlanders moving there. I’m worried I won’t be accepted or won’t be able to make friends. Does anyone have any insight?

Thank you!

Hey everyone, based on my research it seems that most of the island (where I am looking) is subject to HOA’s; (Salt Lake/Foster Village, Makakilo, Mililani)

Is there anywhere in any of these areas that are not subject to an HOA? The main reason I ask is I would like to be able to possibly expand or remodel the house after living there for a few years and I want to know how much of a headache dealing with the design committee will be—I reviewed Mililani’s CC and R’s and it seems the whole areas is subject to pretty strict rules (only one family can live there, no ADU with a kitchen…etc). I certainly understand the reason for the rules, but given that we are looking for a very long-term purchase, I would like a little more flexibility with the design and modifications of my home.

It also seems that the HOA alone will drive up construction costs significantly. If there are any areas that are better to remodel than others, I would love to know about them.

Hello I've been offered the opportunity to move to my company's Honolulu branch and I'd love to just jump at the opportunity but I'm a little hesitant about the insane cost of living increase.

My new position would means I'd be making around $55,000 a year which while is a significant increase from my current pay, from all of my research doesn't seem like a lot in Honolulu. My company has also said they'd assist with moving costs but they haven't said much more than that.

I've been thinking a lot about moving, as I've only ever lived in one state my entire life and I really want to see other parts of the country and what life is like there but I can't just throw financial stability to the wind to do it lol.

Just wanted to hear if people think this is doable and just hear from any Hawaii natives/transplants about life there and what to expect etc.

Hello

Planning on purchasing a car on the mainland and shipping to Oahu (moving to honolulu from Oregon where there is no sales tax). A local friend said there may be restrictions on bringing a car from the mainland - car needing minimum mileage and/or age else you'll need to pay HI sales tax. I've done some research around car registration in honolulu and see no mention of this. Anyone heard of this? I will be using the car on the mainland for a while but if there is any minimum age/mileage restrictions I'd want to try to hit that

Trying to figure out how much it would cost me to move into a 1 bedroom 1 bathroom apartment that does not include electric bills. This is for Honolulu area.

Update: all the comments are making me think I should get a place that includes electric bills…

Hi all,

I am having trouble finding quotes or estimates for shipping a travel trailer from the mainland to the Big Island. I am considering to buy a 17 ft, 20 ft, or 30 ft trailer but I want to know the shipping cost before making the purchase.

I see some price ranges between $3k and $15k. Ideally I would pay $2k (like the price to ship my car). But where can I get reliable prices? Has anyone done this before?

Hi all. I am being offered a job position in Kauai (I work healthcare, with additional sources of income where all together I foresee around 200k a year.) There are lots to consider, but what is really giving me concern is the housing. I’ve done my research, and have seen people say it’s “impossible” to find somewhere to rent if you have pets. I have two cats and a large dog (60 lb) and am not willing to leave any of them behind. I feel like this might prevent me from taking the job. Is this a valid concern? Yes I am aware of pet import policies but I am more concerned about finding housing. I’ve also read archives but am hoping for more of a specific insight into Kauai.

Hey y'all, I have a couch and some home goods-type stuff (art, some lamps, etc.) I am looking to get to my sister in Honolulu from my home in Los Angeles. I priced out a small POD and they are crazy expensive, like the price has doubled from when she moved back 4 years ago (she's been there 15 years total but moved back for a couple in between). And it just doesn't seem worth it because what I need to send wouldn't even fill a small POD and the whole point of sending her the couch is because, as y'all know, new furniture is prohibitively expensive on the islands.

So, we're looking for someone or a group of people to share a shipping container to Honolulu to get her the stuff. We've heard of people getting them free from their companies who are paying to relocate them to the islands, and that oftentimes people moving have lots of extra room in their containers, that would be awesome to share. Or if someone on here is in LA and moving to the islands soon, maybe we could share your container with you and we are happy to pay you for your trouble.

No boxes, except maybe the lamps, but we can leave them open if you'd like to check them before putting them into the container.

If you're in LA and moving to HNL, please reply to this and/or private message me so we can chat more! Mahalo.

I recently got accepted into UHM and am definitely thinking about going there. I’m majoring in education so I’m just curious what the reality of teaching is like there. Although I’m not sure I want to live there after college (I would love to but it’s so expensive) I’m definitely considering it.

Kia Ora! I’ll be moving soon to O’ahu and wanted to know how bad the housing will be. I’ve heard it’s hard when you have pets and I have one dog and three cats. My job will give about $4700 for housing. Just want a heads up on what I’ll be facing and any good rental websites. Nga Mihi

This used to be a post here, but I'm not sure what happened to it, so I'm reposting it since there've been a number of related questions.

The Short Answer

The short answer:  Chances are, if you have to ask this question, then you probably can’t. Hawaii has the highest cost of living index in the United States.  Real estate is expensive, salaries are low, and things just generally cost more.

The Long Answer

The long answer depends on a lot of circumstances, but here are some facts:

Hawaii has the highest cost of living in the United States, with a cost-of-living index of 191.8.  What that means is that Hawaii is nearly twice as expensive as the national average.  The 2^(nd) highest is Washington DC at 159.

However, the devil is really in the details and the most important details are:

1. Where you want to live

2. What sort of job you have

3. What sort of housing situation you want.

It should go without saying that if you want to live in a big house on the beach, it will cost a lot of money. But regardless of where you live, real estate is expensive in Hawaii. The average house price in Hawaii is $850,000. The average cost per square foot of real estate in Hawaii is $694. Hilo’s cost is lowest, at $440 per square foot whereas Honolulu’s cost per square foot is $732 and Kailua is $874.  To put that into some perspective, Hawaii’s cost-per-square foot is 60% higher than California's.  Honolulu’s real estate cost per square foot is 31% higher than New York City and is very close to the cost per square foot in San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward.

In short, purchasing a house in Hawaii will cost you more money. You can, of course, reduce your costs by reducing your expectations. Detached houses on large lot sizes will be very expensive compared to what you may be used to on the mainland, but smaller square footage of both the home and the lot can have reasonable prices. Obvious caveats apply: some more affordable real estate may be older homes and/ or in undesirable neighborhoods. Like any other large purchase, you should definitely do your research.Hawaii also has a unique feature in their real estate market called “Leaseholds”. Hawaii's use of leaseholds is a unique aspect of the state's real estate market that stems from historical and cultural land ownership practices. In a leasehold arrangement, the buyer of a property does not own the land on which the property is built. Instead, they lease the land from the landowner for a fixed period, often ranging from 30 to 99 years. At the end of the lease, the land may revert to the landowner, leaving the leaseholder with a home but no land ownership. In some cases, leases can be renegotiated, but often at higher costs.

This can be good, or bad, depending on your plans. If you’re planning to leave Hawaii or upgrade in a few years, then a Leasehold might be a good option. However, as the lease expiration gets closer, this will have a negative impact on the property value and the ability to resell. Leasehold properties tend to also have lower appreciation than a house without a Leasehold.

For those who are renting, you will find that rent prices per square foot are nearly identical to the San Francisco Bay Area.

What tends to add to the affordability challenges in Hawaii is the disparity between cost of living and employee income.  For example, in San Francisco, the average salary is $96,500 whereas the average salary in Honolulu is $61,243 and the average across all of Hawaii is $52,828.  Put another way, while rental costs are similar in San Francisco and Honolulu, salaries are 37% lower in Honolulu. So, when it comes to affordability, you need to factor in both how much you will pay and how much you will get paid.

You should not expect to make the same salary for the same job in Hawaii as you would on the mainland and you must factor this in when deciding whether you can afford it. You should also expect that finding a job in Hawaii will be more difficult. Although Hawaii ranks 13^(th) in the US for population density, you should keep in mind that Hawaii is the 8^(th) smallest state in the US, in terms of land area. Hawaii’s smaller size also means less employers. So, while the state does experience better-than-average job growth numbers, it must be kept into perspective. US News ranks Hawaii’s economy 44^(th) in the nation. Hawaii has a 10.25% poverty rate compared to the national average of 7.8%.

For those who have the opportunity to work remotely, such as those who work in IT, it is important to consider time zone differences. For example, Hawaii is 3 hours behind Pacific Daylight Time, and 6 hours behind Eastern Daylight Time. It is 12 hours behind Central European Summer Time. Hawaii is 15.5 hours ahead of India Standard Time. So, depending on the time zones you need to support while working, it may be extremely difficult. Supporting normal work hours with the mainland US will only give you 4 hours of crossover with the east coast and 7 hours with the west coast. The time differences improve by 1 hour during Standard time. Supporting times in Europe or India during normal business hours will mean very late nights in Hawaii.

Finally, stuff in Hawaii just generally costs more:

·  Electricity is about $50 higher per month than the national average

·  Gasoline is about $1.30 higher than the national average

·  Groceries cost about 60% more than the national average

Can you make it work?

This post isn’t meant to scare you away. 1,296,000 people are making it work, and so can you. Here’s how:Do your research

Moving 2,400 miles away from the mainland isn’t a small decision. Spend some time researching where you’d want to live, how much you’re willing to pay for housing, what your job prospects are, and so on.

Make a budget

Establishing a budget is just generally a good idea anyway, but when deciding to move to Hawaii it is even more important. Ensure that your budget accurately reflects the differences between where you live and work now vs. what things will cost you in Hawaii.

Have a job first, or have sufficient savings and good job prospects

The best strategy, of course, is to already have a job lined up. Having a job increases your chances of success and makes your budget more accurate.

If you don’t have a job lined up, do not assume you’ll be able to get one quickly and make sure you have enough savings to fully cover your expenses for several months while looking for work.Due to the travel industry, it is likely that you can find a job in hospitality or food services pretty quickly, but higher paying jobs are more difficult to find. Healthcare jobs are in high demand and pay well and skilled trades are reliably in demand as well.

The Short Answer

The short answer:  Chances are, if you have to ask this question, then you probably can’t. Hawaii has the highest cost of living index in the United States.  Real estate is expensive, salaries are low, and things just generally cost more.

The Long Answer

The long answer depends on a lot of circumstances, but here are some facts:

Hawaii has the highest cost of living in the United States, with a cost-of-living index of 191.8.  What that means is that Hawaii is nearly twice as expensive as the national average.  The 2^(nd) highest is Washington DC at 159.

However, the devil is really in the details and the most important details are:

1. Where you want to live

2. What sort of job you have

3. What sort of housing situation you want.

It should go without saying that if you want to live in a big house on the beach, it will cost a lot of money. But regardless of where you live, real estate is expensive in Hawaii. The average house price in Hawaii is $850,000. The average cost per square foot of real estate in Hawaii is $694. Hilo’s cost is lowest, at $440 per square foot whereas Honolulu’s cost per square foot is $732 and Kailua is $874.  To put that into some perspective, Hawaii’s cost-per-square foot is 60% higher than California's.  Honolulu’s real estate cost per square foot is 31% higher than New York City and is very close to the cost per square foot in San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward.

In short, purchasing a house in Hawaii will cost you more money. You can, of course, reduce your costs by reducing your expectations. Detached houses on large lot sizes will be very expensive compared to what you may be used to on the mainland, but smaller square footage of both the home and the lot can have reasonable prices. Obvious caveats apply: some more affordable real estate may be older homes and/ or in undesirable neighborhoods. Like any other large purchase, you should definitely do your research.Hawaii also has a unique feature in their real estate market called “Leaseholds”. Hawaii's use of leaseholds is a unique aspect of the state's real estate market that stems from historical and cultural land ownership practices. In a leasehold arrangement, the buyer of a property does not own the land on which the property is built. Instead, they lease the land from the landowner for a fixed period, often ranging from 30 to 99 years. At the end of the lease, the land may revert to the landowner, leaving the leaseholder with a home but no land ownership. In some cases, leases can be renegotiated, but often at higher costs.

This can be good, or bad, depending on your plans. If you’re planning to leave Hawaii or upgrade in a few years, then a Leasehold might be a good option. However, as the lease expiration gets closer, this will have a negative impact on the property value and the ability to resell. Leasehold properties tend to also have lower appreciation than a house without a Leasehold.

For those who are renting, you will find that rent prices per square foot are nearly identical to the San Francisco Bay Area.

What tends to add to the affordability challenges in Hawaii is the disparity between cost of living and employee income.  For example, in San Francisco, the average salary is $96,500 whereas the average salary in Honolulu is $61,243 and the average across all of Hawaii is $52,828.  Put another way, while rental costs are similar in San Francisco and Honolulu, salaries are 37% lower in Honolulu. So, when it comes to affordability, you need to factor in both how much you will pay and how much you will get paid.

You should not expect to make the same salary for the same job in Hawaii as you would on the mainland and you must factor this in when deciding whether you can afford it. You should also expect that finding a job in Hawaii will be more difficult. Although Hawaii ranks 13^(th) in the US for population density, you should keep in mind that Hawaii is the 8^(th) smallest state in the US, in terms of land area. Hawaii’s smaller size also means less employers. So, while the state does experience better-than-average job growth numbers, it must be kept into perspective. US News ranks Hawaii’s economy 44^(th) in the nation. Hawaii has a 10.25% poverty rate compared to the national average of 7.8%.

For those who have the opportunity to work remotely, such as those who work in IT, it is important to consider time zone differences. For example, Hawaii is 3 hours behind Pacific Daylight Time, and 6 hours behind Eastern Daylight Time. It is 12 hours behind Central European Summer Time. Hawaii is 15.5 hours ahead of India Standard Time. So, depending on the time zones you need to support while working, it may be extremely difficult. Supporting normal work hours with the mainland US will only give you 4 hours of crossover with the east coast and 7 hours with the west coast. The time differences improve by 1 hour during Standard time. Supporting times in Europe or India during normal business hours will mean very late nights in Hawaii.

Finally, stuff in Hawaii just generally costs more:

·  Electricity is about $50 higher per month than the national average

·  Gasoline is about $1.30 higher than the national average

·  Groceries cost about 60% more than the national average

Can you make it work?

This post isn’t meant to scare you away. 1,296,000 people are making it work, and so can you. Here’s how:Do your research

Moving 2,400 miles away from the mainland isn’t a small decision. Spend some time researching where you’d want to live, how much you’re willing to pay for housing, what your job prospects are, and so on.

Make a budget

Establishing a budget is just generally a good idea anyway, but when deciding to move to Hawaii it is even more important. Ensure that your budget accurately reflects the differences between where you live and work now vs. what things will cost you in Hawaii.

Have a job first, or have sufficient savings and good job prospects

The best strategy, of course, is to already have a job lined up. Having a job increases your chances of success and makes your budget more accurate.

If you don’t have a job lined up, do not assume you’ll be able to get one quickly and make sure you have enough savings to fully cover your expenses for several months while looking for work.Due to the travel industry, it is likely that you can find a job in hospitality or food services pretty quickly, but higher paying jobs are more difficult to find. Healthcare jobs are in high demand and pay well and skilled trades are reliably in demand as well.

UPDATED with total income amounts: Aloha everyone, I finally received a formal job offer on Oahu and I need help understanding if I can make it work financially. I want to be comfortable and be able to save money toward retirement--which is my current situation where I'm able to save 30% of my take home pay. I'd love tips on how people are saving money on housing, groceries, utilities, and transportation costs without overly compromising a basic yet comfortable standard of living. The context: I'm originally from Oahu but moved away some time ago to make more $$$ which I did but now I'm miserable and miss home. My base salary will be 83k; yearly bonus 4-5k; side hustle 15-20k (for a total of approximately 105/year). Job will pay 8k for moving and I suspect it will actually cost 10k more than that. It is just the two of us, partner brings in about 70k, with a potential for a slight bump in Hawaii to 80k. **Collectively, we would bring in around 160-180k/year give or take.**I have a lot of student debt and pay about 1000/month for loans. We have a cat that doesn't cost too much money. We are a single car household. Car is electric and almost paid off. Otherwise, no major expenses. We don't eat out or go out often if at all outside of holidays. Because I will often go to work by bus or walking, we would like to live in town. Partner works from home and I will be hybrid so we need office space in the home and cannot do a small one bedroom. A two-bedroom would also be difficult if we both have zoom meetings (we did this before with a 2-bedroom and it was really hard--we're both on zoom a lot). Before we left Hawaii, my partner supported us for 7 years while I was in grad school, but we had a great deal on rent (less than 2k for a small 2br house in town) and my loans were not in repayment, so our bills were very low. I was employed part time and contributed a little, but even so, we cut it close every month, were living in a cramped house, and definitely not saving for retirement. Two years ago I became the breadwinner due to my partner's health (and the fact that I am actually employable) so I'm new to this level of responsibility for two people (I'm happy to be the breadwinner, FYI). I understand that my retirement contributions will likely be lower in Hawaii but I don't want to screw us by making a rash decision to move back home without understanding the bigger picture. However, we really miss home a lot and have been homesick since we left. Any help greatly appreciated! Mahalo.

Hello Everyone, I anticipate a job offer of about 150k to make the move out to Hawaii to work as a contractor on Hickam. They said initially that no move help would be given...but the recruiter said after the interview that they loved how it went and now everything was negotiable. I will see if I can get more, but it would most likely be within the same ballpark. Don't think Ill be able to make a jump up to 200k from the 150k offer or anything. Maybe an extra 10-15k if that. Aside from a pay bump, the mission is really cool. I am considering using this contract to jump from Hawaii to Korea or Japan as a contractor as they have offices within the same program. This is honestly the big thing for me and more than likely Hawaii will be a temporary place unless we fall in love and put down roots.

Family has visited the island once and we absolutely loved the island, culture, and always thought about making the move out there. I have read other posts and anticipate that vacationing there and living there will be quite different. Financially we will be able to make it...but I want a third person's opinion who lives there who could give some insight on things I may not be considering. Household income all in is about would be 250k a year with the pay bump. Wife works remote, so no need to leave and find a job or anything. Currently living in San Antonio and I am anticipating some sticker shock. I remember how expensive things were out there and just asking the community what you guys think or give some me some advice to think on.

I want to move back to Hawaii more than anything but have two large dogs that must travel in the cargo hold. They are anxious in new situations/reactive. We love them more than anything so the thought of putting them in cargo mortifies us. Has anyone else gone through this process with their reactive dogs? Is there anything you did to make it easier on them? How did your dog acclimate to their new environment in Hawaii?

Been trying to move out there since October 1st. Currently live in the mainland. I’m moving there with my gf and her twin which both have transferable jobs. I currently don’t but I’m a server/bartender manager making 5k a month so I figure it won’t be that hard for me to find a job. Kind of difficult to find housing since we’re not currently on the island, some people have took us into consideration but still no success. Any recommendations or suggestions would be much appreciated.

For federal employees on the Big Island, which federal health insurance plan is best on the Big Island (Kona)? I’m thinking blue cross blue shield or GEHA. But open to opinions!

I’m a healthy single young male with no preexisting medical conditions. trying to save money but I do not want to be screwed if some accident happens.

Aloha, I am looking for a Southern California family/person that will be using a shipping container to move their belongings to Hawaii. I would like to see if you are willing to share about 40 cubic feet of space for an electric motorcycle. I am willing to pay for the portion the motorcycle takes in the container. There is no gas or oil in the motorcycle since it is electric. Let me know and mahalo for considering this proposal!!

I need to ship 1 car from the mainland to Honolulu

If you did the same, what company did you use and about how much did it cost?

🤙🤙🤙

Hey friends, I’m moving to Oahu soon and will be in the market for a used car when I get on island. What are typical prices for a car that runs and doesn’t need any work, but isn’t necessarily pretty or modern?

Here in Alaska we call them a beater with a heater. Just something that gets you around but has probably seen better days. I’m curious to know what you would be reasonably willing to pay and at what threshold you would think you’re being taken advantage of?

Mahalo

hi

im a uni student from the uk currently applying for a year abroad, and at the moment uni of hawaii at manoa is my first choice. i was just wondering what the situation is like regarding flooding and other weather related problems?

thanks!

Aloha! We are collecting quotes for shipping our cars and household goods. First quote for cars is $3200 per car??!! That seems insanely expensive. What have others paid recently and who did you use to do it? Mahalo!!

Questions from a potential mover (Kona, HI) .. debating between maui or kona.. might book a trip to maui for 2 weeks to see how that goes. i loved the big island beaches more than any of the other islands.

I am thinking about moving to Hawaii from CA but had the following questions:

1. do you get island fever after a while? I am scared that I’ll move there and be in “vacation” mode then regret having moved bc I’m bored.
2. Any recommendations for movers (pref a cube storage that I can load my stuff in and unload over there) other than PODS?

3). How is the healthcare there? me and my wife have 2 kids with another baby on the way, our first born has low level autism, would she be able to get the assistance and care to develop?

4. I’ve been to hawaii on vacation many times but how is your life there different now that compared to when you were on vacation?

5). Biggest regret about moving to HI?

Thank you!

Aloha! Any couples here who can share a bit about their living expenses?

-Rent for a 1-2 bedroom apartment/condo -Gas monthly avg or weekly -Utilities -Groceries for the week or month

And anything else you think would be helpful. I’m thinking of relocating to Oʻahu and want to get an idea of how costs compare. Mahalo!”

P.S Before I get hate, the plan is to be part of a community and appreciate the people, the Ohana and of course the islands

My family and I are moving to Oahu. My daughter has always had straight A's and a perfect attendance record. She was accepted into Kamehameha, Punahou, and Maryknoll. which school do you think I should send her to?

Hello! We are relocating to Oahu and are wondering what the "vibe" is like in Waimanalo as we search for towns in which to live. Any info you can provide to "mainlanders" about location, neighborhoods, neighbors in general, proximity to Honolulu, walkability, beaches, safety, etc is appreciated. Mahalo!!

Hello, I’m moving to Oahu in January, I’m looking for the best option to ship a folding ebike with removable battery, all inputs are appreciated, thanks!

Dear Attorneys and Criminal Law Professionals,

I am relocating to Oahu and aim to practice as a state prosecutor. I graduated from a tier 1 law school and am bar licensed in New Jersey. I recently passed the Hawaii bar and have nearly 10 years of experience, primarily in internal investigations. Additionally, I am a Navy JAG Reservist and bilingual in English and Spanish, with conversational skills in Japanese.

As I am not from Hawaii and lack local connections, I would appreciate any insights on overcoming this barrier in the Hawaii legal market. I hope to connect with criminal law attorneys to discuss job opportunities and gain your perspective.

Thank you in advance for your guidance.

Hey all, am looking to buy a condo somewhere in the Kaka'ako area and One Waterfront Towers has become a potential option. Their HOA fees are sky high, which sucks, but the 2 bed/2 bath units are massive with great views and lanais.

Has anyone lived there in the past or might know some key drawbacks to the building? It was built in '89 so I'm worried there will be some issues with wear and tear. Apparently new management took over 2 years ago and remodeled all the shared spaces. Since then there have been no bad reviews I could find online.

I'm shipping my car to Hawaii and I have a few small chips in my windshield. I've been told that it needs to be replaced before I ship it. I think it is a little extreme to replace a windshield for $400 for a couple chips small chips. Has anyone shipped there car with chips successfully? Or have any insight? Thanks

I have family in Hawaii, and every time I visit, it literally feels like I belong there. Maybe this is normal since Hawaii is obviously a very beautiful country, but I’ve always felt a longing to move there.

If I do move to Hawaii, I don’t plan on just sitting on my ass. I want to work in politics, and fight for the environment.

I’m almost 18, applying for colleges, and I love to travel. I don’t plan on applying for Hawaiian universities.

How much money would I need to earn to get by? I don’t plan on having kids (at all) and may have one or two cats. Would $80k a year do it? If I did move to Hawaii I’d want it to be long term. This is all just hypothetical considering I am a teenager but I truly do want to start thinking about where I want to go after college, and Hawaii is the first place that comes to mind.