My partner is having headaches daily so her go sent her for an mri. Gp initially said this is a sinus infection (no other sinus related symptoms-just headaches) after antibiotics and a spray not working gp is now saying this is sinus cysts that require surgery. Trying to convince my partner to get a second opinion. Any help greatly appreciated

So I'm prediabetic and i want to lower the diabetes level My primary goal is digestion and low blood sugar level i have no fat in my body or you can say low fan in my body

Now which one i should choose

Right now I'm doing jump ropes for 30 min low speed

But my question us judging by my requirements what kind of excercise pattern should i choose.

High intensity workout for short period Or

low intensity workout for long period like running or jump rope or walking but slowly .

Hello guys, 26m here. 2 weeks ago I had sex with a girl l met online. Not sure if we used condoms cause both of us were drunk but I found packets of open condoms next to my bed. However neither of us are sure about it. Couple of days later I started developing rashes right below my belly. 2 days after that my penis and testicles started to hurt. I have been worried about it since then. I visited a urologist and was diagnosed with bacteria in my urine after taking urinalysis & ultrasound test. I was given antibiotics for 7 days. It's been 5 days & the pain is still there time to time. Definitely not bad as it used to be before but i can feel it. No discharge or no blood when I pee. But it burns when I pee. No swelling either. I just feel sharp pain time to time on my penis and testicles. I googled regarding this and turns out all my symptoms could either be uti or sti. However someone told me You generally don't develop STI symptoms in 2 days but it takes more time, but UTI symptoms are often felt in 2 days. But I am also told that UTl with good antibiotics the pain should be gone or healed within 5 days. if not I should consider a possible sti. Is this true? What should I be doing? Should I go back to the doc and insist on getting tested? Or is It a UTI? I have been really confused lately. Kindly help. Edit- the rashes that i developed, a dermatologist said it's completely unrelated to the pain I have been having this seems like an allergy and prescribed me an ointment & pills.

Everything started with minor upper belly pain on the right side, a month after our first child was born (7 years ago).

The doc said, most likely she will have gallstones, we checked and nothing was found in the sonographie.

The pain where never strong and went away sometimes and came back etc...

Fast forward to today, she now has pain across the whole upper abdominal area. Also in the right and sometimes left rip cage. And Back pain at the same hight left and right.

So we went to a new doctor and did: Blood Test, X-Ray, ultrasound:

Bloodwork, everything normal, things that may help are here, can post the whole blood test if it helps:

CEA 0.6 ng/ml

AST 51.1U/l

ALT 51.1 u/l

GGT 27 u/l

Bilirubin 0.7 mg/dl

Thrombocytes 360000 Z/ul

CRP 1.13mg/dl

HbA1c 34.4 mmol/mol

LDL 109.8 mg/dl

HDL 39.1 mg/dl

Total cholesterol 169 mg/dl

Triglycerides 100 mg/dl

Lipase 24.3 u/l

Amylase 27 u/l

Diagnosis by the ultrasound doctor:

The liver is homogeneous, borderline large, lumpy, clearly increased echogenicity in the sense of steatosis.

steatosis.

Soft-walled, normal-sized, concretion-free gallbladder.

Normally calibrated intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts.

Sonomorphologically unremarkable pancreas and spleen.

The kidneys are located normotopically, normal shape, size and structure, unobstructed NHS.

The urinary bladder is well filled.

No free fluid.

Inconspicuous retroperitoneum. Inconspicuous internal genitals.

We also did an X-Ray of her spine:

Inconspicuous bone structure.

CERVICAL SPINE:

Extended position.

Normal height and shape of the vertebral bodies.

Chondrosis at C3/C4, C4/C5.

Minor uncovertebral arthrosis in the middle third of the cervical spine.

BWS:

Normal height and shape of the vertebral bodies and intervertebral spaces.

LUMBAR SPINE:

Normal height and shape of the vertebral bodies and intervertebral spaces.

Significant spondylarthrotic changes from L3 increasing caudally.

For the most part, they have know idea, what's the cause of her pain, maybe you can help us in the right direction :)

So I’m going on here because I have no other options, I have had hypersalivation for the last three months and its driven me crazy. Here’s some context, I am a 20-year-old male who exercises almost daily, I don’t drink soda or much processed food. I’m generally a pretty healthy, happy, and chill guy, but this hypersalivation has truly ruined my life completely. It has caused severe stress and anxiety, and it just downright makes me dread waking up in the morning. So it all started when I woke up one day and went to take grandma to the airport and I felt like I couldn’t really talk and my mouth felt weird (I just attributed it to having had woken up early) so I threw in some gum and went about my day, then later that night as I’m chilling on the coach watching a movie I realized my mouth was just filling up incredibly rapidly and I was just confused and then I realized I was hypersalivating for no apparent reason and its been that way since then not stop 24/7 365. I just want to find the cause of my hypersalivation so I can fix it and go about my life again.

My symptoms feel like my mouth just fill right up with water (spit but very serous spit) and If I swallow it’ll just fill right back up again, and when I spit it out it’ll just be very watery spit but I can basically keep spitting into infinity because the production never stops

I have been to 3 ENT doctors who all said everything looked good and I’m in the process of getting a CT scan done on my salivary glands.

I have been to 2 GI doctors who said everything looked good and I got an endoscopy done and all good

I have been to 3 General Doctors who said everything was all good and got blood and urine tests done which also came back perfect

My ideas of Potential causes of hypersalivation are:

-Prior to getting this hypersalivation I water fasted for three full days in which I was chewing gum all day. Somewhere throughout that whole process maybe my parasympathetic system, which controls salivary production got jacked up by something I did and it hasn’t been able to return to its normal state

-The same day the hypersalivation started I also got a tattoo in the upper middle chest that extends to the traps, maybe it caused some nerve damage or affected my nervous system, but I am fairly certain that the hypersalivation started when I woke up and the tattoo was around 2pm

-I do have a very minor overbite and some crowding in my front bottom teeth but overall pretty good teeth and oral hygiene, I did have a dental procedure done about three weeks before the hypersalivation started where apparently I just had a dent in one of my molar and they just did a simple filling on it, but I had no issues the three weeks prior

-I sleep on my stomach/side, not sure if that means anything

-I developed scalloped tongue from the hypersalivation because I have a tendency to move the tongue in a place where it shouldn’t go to try to minimize the rapid accumulation or saliva, also not sure if that means anything either

With all this being said I have no idea what’s wrong with me and the doctors don’t know what’s wrong with me. No, it’s not all in my head. If you saw the shear amounts of saliva, I’m spitting out you’d be surprised. And no, it’s not an anxiety symptom, as yes, this has caused me a great deal of anxiety, but there’s a good chance I went my whole entire life without feeling anxiety before this started, as I’m just not really a anxious guy whatsoever. I would love to know your thoughts and opinions on this, and I’d do literally anything to fix this so please help me out guys.

Hi everyone,

I'm reaching out because I'm trying to find some answers regarding my mother's passing, and I hope someone here can shed some light on what might have happened.

Here’s the background:

About three months ago, my mother (48F) traveled to Nepal, where she developed a small wound or bug bite on her leg. The wound became swollen, filled with pus, and was cleaned by a surgeon. However, the wound became swollen again a few days later, pus reappeared, and then it eventually healed.

1.2 months after that wound, she experienced a heavy nosebleed that resolved on its own. After that, she started having intermittent low-grade fevers over the next few weeks, which would resolve by a day and she'd be back to normal. She took antibiotics (Clavam) for what we assumed was related to her chronic sinus issues, the fever continued intermittently.

She did have 2 prior episodes of Pnemonia in US, which she was treated for, she worked with kids which we suspected lowered her immunity, she did multiple blood tests in US which didn't show any underlying issues afaik

Here’s where it becomes more concerning:

About a week before she passed, her lungs were completely clear, according to a chest X-ray, and she had no noticeable lung distress when the doctor checked her lungs with a stethoscope. This gave us hope that her symptoms weren't indicative of something more severe.

However, just a few days later, the situation became bad, heres the final timeline before she passed away

Monday: Completely fine, walking doing multiple activities

Tuesday: Slight fever onset, cough and cold, she wanted to wait a day before going to the doctor

Wednesday: went to the doctor, no distress heard from the stethoscope but O2 level was at 92%, slight fever, doctor suspected dengue and did blood test sent her home with paracetamol. Wednesday night is when she got 104 fever but it subsided.

Thursday: Taken to the hospital, distress heard in lungs, xray showed 25% of her lungs infected, admitted to ICU because the doctors had already suspected sepsis, in just 3 hours a subsequent xray showed 85% of her lungs covered... In just 3 hours. The infection progressed shockingly fast—from an X-ray showing clear lungs to severe lung involvement within hours.

Her doctors diagnosed her with necrotizing pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa after her death. Despite being given powerful antibiotics like meropenem, her condition rapidly deteriorated. Her heart and kidneys began to fail, and she passed away within a day of being admitted to the ICU.

Here’s my question: Could the infection from her wound have spread through her body (causing sepsis), attacking her liver and other organs, before eventually reaching her lungs? Given that she had intermittent fevers for nearly two months and a sudden decline in her final days, could Pseudomonas have been affecting her system for that long, just without more obvious symptoms until the final crisis? Can it even cause mild sepsis? Second question, when could she have been saved? I think by Thursday it was maybe too late or was the antibiotics just ineffective? Should we have done multiple blood tests when her intermittent fevers started showing up?

I’m also wondering about how her Pseudomonas infection could have been treated. Was there anything that could have been done earlier? She was on Clavam (amoxicillin and clavulanic acid), but I’ve read that this isn’t effective against Pseudomonas. Could we have caught this earlier if different antibiotics were prescribed or if different tests were run?

I know this is a lot, but I’m really looking for any insights. Her doctors tried their best, but I’m still struggling to understand how things went from stable to fatal so quickly, especially when her tests and scans seemed okay just days before, After her first leg wound she did do a blood test which showed low neutrophil and high lymphocytes, but she presented no other symptoms (fever or anything) thus the doctor didn't do much about the report, I am just curious if my hypothesis (how it spread from leg wound) is correct? I thought sepsis was a severe thing which would show more symptoms, on Monday the same week she passed (Friday), she was fine, no issues or anything and even the intermittent fever was never too bad she was able to function, I was in US when the symptoms appeared and only came after she was in ICU, unfortunately i wasn't able to see her and she passed before my arrival, I'm just looking for answers i guess. Prior to coming to Nepal, she did have two episodes of Pnemonia in late Feb /early March, it cleared up in 2 weeks but the fact that it was a recurrent pneumonia her doctors in US did various blood test, i believe all of them came normal or nothing stood out, we just suspected since she worked with kids at school she was more vulnerable, she also has had chronic sinus issues for as long as i can remember but nothing serous and no blood test showed she was immunocomprimised, i think maybe she had some sinus issues which lowered her immune system, then the pathogen just got hold and since she had 2 prior episode of pneumonia her lungs were weak thus causing such rapid progression? The doctors literally said they had never seen such rapid progression ever, a part of me thinks if she was in US she would've lived, anyways sorry for the rant i just want answers.

Here is the final list of medications used on her:

1. MEPEN 1GM INJ (twice listed)

2. MAGNESIUM SULFATE 50% INJ

3. IRRIGATION SYRINGE

4. FIYAMA 1MG INJ

5. NEOVEC -10INJ

6. SAFE SET (IV SET)(INTRAFIX)

7. SYRINGE 50 ML (LIFE LINE)

8. TARGOCID INJ 200MG (twice listed)

9. TROFENTYL INJ 2ML

10. UMICORT 100 MG INJ

11. SODAC INJ 25 ML

12. FIYAMA-N (NORADRENALINE) INJ 2

13. VORIKAM 200MG INJ

Any suggestions on how to bring my shoulder back up? I.e exercises or rehab tips to move it back up.

M19 / Vaccine concern

About 9 months ago, I had a suspected exposure to rabies, I live in India. For that, I got the standard series of rabies vaccines without the ig as per the advice of a public hospital in my town. After I completed the series, I got to know that the hospital has questionable history and its cold storage may not be upto the mark so I consulted a doctor in a good private hospital and told him that I was concerned about it. He said that it would be better to get three more shots for peace of mind. The titre test is not easily available here so I guess that's the reason he told me to get more shots. I did as he said and months passed, and while using the internet, I came to know that the vaccines can cause auto immune conditions like ADEM, multiple sclerosis, behcets, steven johnson and I have been feeling really anxious over it. I am afraid that I have a higher chance of getting some auto immune disease. Its almost been 8-9 months since my last shot. Should I be worried about it now? Do I need to consult a doctor?? I'm well though, I have no weird symptoms, I'm just anxious.

Any advice would be really great.

Hi everyone! I was fortunately able to get the chance to shadow a radiation oncologist, both during procedures and clinic (patient visits). I'm an undergrad, so my knowledge of cancer/medicine in general is fairly limited -- think "intro to bio" level. I would really appreciate any resources/information you guys might have that could help me better understand what I'll be seeing as I wanted to be as prepared as possible. Any textbooks, youtube videos/channels, podcasts, open curriculums, etc. that explain the basics of radiation oncology, some of the common procedures, the molecular/cellular components of cancer, and so on would super useful! Everything I've found on the front page of google has been pretty basic and I'd like to get a little more into the specifics.

Additionally, I've shadowed before but not a lot, so any advice on etiquette or how to get the most out of the experience would be appreciated.

Is there any Indian foreign medical graduate here on this sub?

Hello dear colleagues. Here is a fresh doc who is at the beginning of his career. I have found Amboss to be a very useful app, but it is quite expensive unless your uni or institution has a license for it. I was wondering if someone can understand this and provide me access so I can use it in my daily work.

Thank you so much for reading this.

A 19-year-old male patient presents to the clinic with generalized body swelling, cola-like urine and a blood pressure of 156/96mmg. Physical examination was remarkable for anasarca and ascites. His referring laboratory results were as follows; Creatinine 234 pmol/L (60-110) eGFR >35 ml/min /1.73m (90-120) Urinalysis 3+ protein; blood - 4+ ACR. 345 mg/mmol (<2mg/mmol)

I What is the most likely diagnosis?

Cyclical Vomitting Syndrome for 11 years any help please

I have been getting sick for 11 years now. All started in Highschool senior year homecoming where after the night of high school drinking (no sickness that night). I woke up throwing up 10-20 times for several days. This went away for almost two years till my sophomore year of college. Then continued till present day. I have had biopsy and all test on my gut health. I have been prescribed all gut supplements and pills to try and none have worked. The longest break has been 4 months. It would be as frequent as every other week to once a month to breaks in between. The medicine I was put on AMITRIPTYLINE for 4 years worked the best in separates those episodes. I have had liver and gallbladder test and both came back fine. I first believed this was drinking or physical since it happen so frequent. Yet I had taken drinking off and dieted food to see if that would help and nothing came back to help me. I’m a 6’2” male who was 155 pounds at the time due to constant sickness and steering away from eating to be present and not sick. I’ve missed many events, birthdays of my own, weddings, and more from this sickness. I am now 210 with focusing on eating healthy and working out but still get sick often. Taking me away from life and work. I did get a medical card for weed 4 years ago. I smoked socially in college none in high school. I smoke regularly now for the comfort and to deflect sickness. It works sometimes but mainly to quiet my mind when I’m sick so I can sleep. Only when I sleep after being sick can I recover or I’m stuck in my sickness. I believe now it’s more mental since my sickness is only happening around weekends and social events. I have gotten sick at 4 wedding this year all when I eat dinner. Not drinking not appetizers those are all fine it is when I sit down and eat with people is when I get the heavy nausea and become sick. It happens when I have random lunches or dinner with family friends or coworkers. I eat meals any other day and I’m fine but around these events I am getting sick. I am willing to try anything or if anyone can relate. Thank you for any help.

I’m a 19-year-old male, and I’m seeking some guidance regarding my health situation. Recently, I found out that my bone development is delayed by about three years. I had an MRI, and the results came back normal, so there are no structural issues in my brain.

However, my testosterone levels are concerningly low:

• Total Testosterone: 5 ng/dL (Reference Range: 250-1100 ng/dL)
• Free Testosterone: 0.8 pg/mL (Reference Range: 46.0-224.0 pg/mL)
• Bioavailable Testosterone: 1.8 ng/dL (Reference Range: 110.0-575.0 ng/dL)
• Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG): 19 nmol/L (Reference Range: 10-50 nmol/L)
• Albumin: 4.7 g/dL

I have not hit puberty yet, and I lack both armpit and leg hair. I do have some pubic hair, but my voice sounds like that of a 12-year-old, and I often get mistaken for a 14-year-old.

I'm really concerned about what this means for my health and development. Has anyone experienced something similar? What steps can I take to address this? Any advice on what to discuss with my doctor or endocrinologist would be greatly appreciated!

Thank you for your help!

Hey ! Can someone please suggest for me a channel or anything that explains internal medicine from A-Z, most importantly the pathophysiology, in relation to how the clinical features manifests and thus how to treat, I do want to understand and relate, as I don't think I have found any channel or resource that integrates information in that way, I am horrible at memorizing or remembering, and as you know there's so much to remember in internal medicine so any advice on that would be appreciative, I am also on a low time frame, as I am on my 6th year and didn't study much in the past years so my basics aren't the best nor is the clinical thus I want a resource that wraps it all together. I hate reading complicated books as I have a very short concentration span as well, I am more into lecture videos/animations.

Hi everyone, I'm a fourth-year medical student in Iran and I've just started my clinical rotations. I've been facing numerous challenges during my training. The hospital is overcrowded, there’s a shortage of faculty, and the equipment is very limited. To continue my learning, I've been relying on international medical education websites, but the subscription fees are quite expensive for me. Could you please suggest more affordable ways to learn and stay updated on the latest medical advancements and technologies? I have a set of reference books available, but I'm facing challenges in grasping the concepts without additional guidance. Given my professor's busy schedule, I'm looking for educational videos or other learning materials to aid my understanding. Any suggestions for navigating my clinical rotations would be much appreciated.

I read a study by Abram Hoffer, from around the 1970s, about using megavitamins—large doses of certain vitamins—to combat mental health issues. Inspired by this, I’ve been taking 1000 mg of Vitamin C, 1000 mg of Niacin, standard doses of Vitamin B complex, B6, B12, and also Tongkat Ali. Are there any risks to taking these supplements daily - ive been taking for a year plus, and should I consider stopping? I’m a moderately healthy male in my early 20s.

So I am NOT in any way shape or form a medical professional. My extent of knowledge comes from the military. Combat Life Saver and first responder level of stuff. I am not trying to come off disrespectful, please don't take it that way. Also, your answer doesn't need to have a bad outcome. Things happen, and forgetting to do something, or doing something too early/late, can have a positive outcome.

I also request that your response doesn't have to be the worst mistake you've made. Just one that stands out it your memory. I'm not asking anyone to step so far out their comfort level. Thank you.

hey y’all, i’m [23M] in need of some help. March 17 2024, I went into anaphylaxis and almost died in an Emergency Room in Costa Rica while on my honeymoon. Our returning flight was the following morning and I was back to my home in Nashville on March 18, where I was admitted to Vanderbilt Hospital and (briefly) the ICU for continued shortness of breath, chest pain, abnormal EKG, heart inflamtion, extreme fatigue, etc. I’ve since been diagnosed with Alpha-Gal (.67) and have eliminated ALL sources of mammal and mammal derived products, but all of these symptoms (as well as stomach pain, soreness in knees, throat pain, difficulty swallowing,) have persisted without any relief. It’s been over 6 months now and i’ve been horribly sick everyday. Most days i’m not able to get out of bed. This has forced me to quit my job and move back to my hometown (Kansas City) to be with my family while I try to figure out what’s going on. I’ve seen allergists, cardiologists (heart issues ruled out), pulmonologist (told lungs are in perfect condition), rheumatologist (two positive ANA tests, but no further lead.) they all seem to be pretty puzzled as to what’s going on. If anyone has ANY suggestions on who I should see / what this could potentially be / what I should do next, I would greatly appreciate it! Thank you so much.

Hello everyone,
I hope you're all doing well. I'm feeling really confused and anxious about which exam pathway to choose for my future. I'm currently considering the AMC (Australian Medical Council) or PLAB (UK Professional and Linguistic Assessments Board), but I've heard that the UK is extremely saturated, while with AMC, options seem limited unless you pass the Part 2 exam, which has a low passing rate. I'm currently studying medicine in Russia and open to exploring other options as well.
I would really appreciate any advice or insights from those who have experience with these pathways or suggestions for alternative routes. Thank you in advance

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Hi everyone! I hope this post is allowed here—I'm a journalist working on an article about medical students and doctors who have side hustles / side jobs.

I'm covering:

• What jobs med students tend to do to support themselves (and get a head start on paying off their loans)
• Why doctors sometimes need (or want) additional income after graduating, given that medicine is a well-paid profession
• Whether people in the medical field usually work side gigs that are directly related to medicine, or prefer something that lets them take a break from it

I'd love to chat with any members of this sub about this (regardless of where you are in your career—premed, in med school, a resident, or further on). Let me know if that's something you'd be open to or if you have any questions. Thanks much!

Hey, I'm 22F, currently in second year, mbbs, from a private college. I'll spent close to 80lacs for my mbbs degree and will be preparing for neet pg thereafter. I've been told by multiple people how

1. Post residency (for jobs), ranks don't matter, all that matters are your connections and I don't really have any, coming from a private institution AND from a non medico family background.
2. I cannot escape the toxic work environment ive heard about, that exist in residency in India because opting for foreign exams is out of the option since a lot of money has already been gone in my undergrad.
3. I do not have a healthy environment to study or do anything academics in my college!(Research, articles, blogs, etc) I know the drive comes from within but id really like to have an environment! I'm also so scared about not being able to crack neet pg because of self doubt.

Advice?

I wonder where can I found the book , Anatomy and physicsology for Ross and Wilson's 12th .

Pneumonia causes 14% of deaths in children under 5, yet misdiagnosis remains a challenge. What methods are frontline health workers (HW) using to catch it early?

What training is provided to help HW in early diagnosis and refer the child to the nearest doctor

Appreciate your thoughts

Share your experiences!

"What are three things you wish you had during med school that could have made the journey easier?"