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We dumbly delve into the deep and desolate doldrums that define trying to understand the growth and development of Dutch shipbuilding in the late 15th and early 16th centuries, particularly in Holland. Conditions would conspire to allow this industry to flourish across the Low Countries. There is, however, a distinct lack of written information from the shipbuilding sector in the 15th century to speak about it definitively. Historians and archaeologists have put together and continue to put together as many pieces as possible, however much of the detail is forever lost. As such, speculation must play its part. And that’s what we’re going to do today!

Show notes and stream available here

--- 1984: Union Carbide leak occurred in Bhopal, India. The worst industrial disaster ever began when at least 30 tons of methyl isocyanate (a highly toxic gas), as well as a number of other poisonous gases, were released from the pesticide plant. An estimated 15,000 people died over the coming years.

--- 1818: Illinois was admitted as the 21st state.

--- Please listen to my podcast, History Analyzed, on all podcast apps.

--- link to Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/6yoHz9s9JPV51WxsQMWz0d

--- link to Apple podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/history-analyzed/id1632161929

I’m looking for recommendations for a good podcast on the American Civil war, or a season of a good podcast on the conflict.

For reference I love Mike Duncan and Dan Carlins stuff so anything at that kind of level of detail would be amazing.

Thank you!

So, ASW isn't exactly new, but I'm just now getting back on the promotion train.

The United States has more than its fair share of famous wars in history, but that doesn't even scratch the surface. Have you ever wondered why we don't talk about the Korean War or the War of 1812 very often? Do you even know the names of the wars fought against Native American nations? What about the battle with Japan during the Civil War? In this podcast, Trevor Culley will sit down with friends and guests to discuss all of the American military history that's been forgotten, overlooked, or even covered up to explore lost stories from American history.

Listen here!

Or here!

Check spotify for audio only

Youtube Version: https://youtu.be/ab8UwmFbOlM?si=sC1pxGsN6cLuuMuk

Available to listen from all of the usual platforms. A slightly longer description:

Experience history through a series of individuals' lives, linked by the years of their birth and death.

Each episode focuses on one historical figure, covering their entire life and the influences that shaped them. Then, in the same year their story ends, the next episode begins with the birth of our next featured figure. Through this format, we'll explore history up until relatively modern day to see how we are all Linked by History.

I launched with 3 episodes. While I obviously love people listening, I'm also looking for feedback to improve subsequent episodes (here, by email, texting the show, whatever is convenient for you).

--- 1940: The German Luftwaffe bombed the English city of Coventry. This is considered the most concentrated air attack against a British city in World War II. Although there are some disputes about the exact numbers, at least 300 (and possibly over 400) German bombers dropped over 500 tons of explosives along with 33,000 incendiary bombs. Over 500 people were killed, and a large percentage of the homes and factories in Coventry were damaged (with a large number destroyed). For years there had been reports that Winston Churchill knew that Coventry was targeted for a massive air raid but did nothing about it. Historians now believe that is not true. The British military decrypted German messages and were aware of an impending major German bombing raid, but not the location.

--- 1908: U.S. Senator Joseph McCarthy was born in Outagamie County, Wisconsin. He became famous in the middle of the 20th Century for wild accusations of communists in the U.S. government.

--- "McCarthyism — Political Witch-hunts and the Red Scare". That is the title of one of the episodes of my podcast: History Analyzed. In the 1950s, U.S. Senator Joseph McCarthy led a hunt for Communists in the American government. His brand of persecution based on lies, rumors, and innuendos ruined many lives but did not send a single subversive to jail. He set the standard for politicians who wish to be bullies and demagogues. You can find History Analyzed on every podcast app.

--- link to Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/episode/0tHrKHgjwlN29o1GpcKmnF

--- link to Apple podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mccarthyism-political-witch-hunts-and-the-red-scare/id1632161929?i=1000630623049

--- 1954: Ellis Island closed. Starting in 1892, more than 12 million immigrants passed the Statue of Liberty and landed on Ellis Island in New York Harbor to be interviewed and examined before admittance into the U.S. Some were quarantined at Ellis Island, and some were sent back to their homelands. Author's note: two of my grandparents passed through Ellis Island from Italy in 1905 and 1913.

--- "Immigration, Citizenship, and Eugenics in the U.S." That is the title of one of the episodes of my podcast: History Analyzed. For years all immigrants were allowed into the U.S., but some could not become citizens. Later, certain nationalities were limited or completely banned. This episode outlines those changes through the 1980s and discusses the pseudoscience of eugenics and how it was used to justify such bigotry and even involuntary sterilizations in the 20th Century. You can find History Analyzed on every podcast app.

--- link to Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/episode/2q1RWIIUKavHDe8of548U2

--- link to Apple podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/immigration-citizenship-and-eugenics-in-the-u-s/id1632161929?i=1000670912848

I’ve nearly completed season one of History’s Greatest Battles. I’ve got about ten more episodes, 75 thus far completed.

I’d much appreciate feedback from fellow podcasters AND history podcast listeners.

Specifically if the background music and effects are enjoyable?

The most recent episode is an experimental deeper dive into a battlefield commander, so please listen to any other episodes than that one as I’m figuring out the structure for longer form (60+ mins) whereas s01 episodes are all roughly 20 mins +/-.

Many thanks in advance.

“History’s Greatest Battles” or www.historysgreatestbattles.com for links to all apps.

Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/historys-greatest-battles/id1761892205

From their new base in Tenochtitlan, the Mexica people slowly built the Aztec Empire over the course of the 1300's. While the "myth of the Aztec" ascribes this accomplishment to the barbarism of human sacrifice and brutality, the Mexica both lived in a particular context and shaped their own unique political environment. Demystifying what the Spanish referred to as superstition and barbarism, this episode looks at the Aztec political system, and how the complex interplay of many different factors allowed the Aztec to dominate the Valley of Mexico. 

This is Part II in a series on the rise, fall, and enduring legacy of the Aztec Empire. It discusses the political realities of the Aztec Empire, including polygyny, marriage alliances, slavery, tribute systems, warfare, brutality and atrocities, and slavery. This episode also discusses the Mexica relationship with Tlaxcala, a rival city state, and the ritualized and brutal "Flower Wars" fought every year between them.

Spotify | Apple Podcasts | Youtube | Website | RSS | X | TikTok | Instagram

Reflecting History is an educational podcast exploring the link between history, psychology, philosophy, and fantasy.

--- 1969: Sesame Street debuted on public television.

--- 1898: Wilmington Massacre and Coup D'état. In Wilmington, North Carolina, white supremacists went to Black neighborhoods, killing and injuring Black citizens and destroying Black-owned businesses, including burning down the building of "The Daily Record" (the Black-owned newspaper). There is a dispute as to the number of casualties, but it appears that approximately 60 Blacks were killed (although some estimates go as high as 300). The mayor and city council were forced to resign at gunpoint and the mob installed its own city government.

--- 1871: Stanley found Livingstone in modern day Tanzania, near Lake Tanganyika. Henry Morton Stanley had been sent to Africa by the New York Herald newspaper to find famed explorer David Livingstone. Nobody had heard from Livingstone since 1866 and there were rumors that he was dead. Upon their meeting, Stanley uttered the famous phrase that so many of us have heard: "Dr. Livingstone I presume".

--- "The Scramble For Africa". That is the title of one of the episodes of my podcast: History Analyzed. Within 30 years in the late 1800s and early 1900s, Europe went from controlling 20% of Africa to 90%. It was called "the Scramble for Africa". Find out why Europeans colonized the Americas easily through unintentional germ warfare, but Africa was "the White Man's Grave". Discover how Europe finally conquered Africa; the horrors of the Congo; and the residual problems in Africa which exist today. You can find History Analyzed on every podcast app.

--- link to Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/episode/33wcjWGQv1PRTis3LmIX2s

--- link to Apple podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-scramble-for-africa/id1632161929?i=1000664313800

--- 1938: Kristallnacht (Night of Broken Glass). Nazis throughout Germany conducted organized terror and destroyed synagogues, as well as Jewish homes, schools and businesses. Approximately 100 Jews were killed in the violence and approximately 30,000 Jews were arrested and sent to concentration camps on the sole ground of being Jewish. Although Jews had been oppressed throughout Germany since the rise of Adolf Hitler in January 1933, this was a major escalation in the Nazi agenda of violence against the Jews which would culminate in the Holocaust and the murder of approximately 6 million Jews in Europe.

--- 1989: The Berlin Wall came down, allowing people to travel freely between democratic West Berlin and communist East Berlin. This occurred by accident. In response to protests by the citizens of East Germany, an East Berlin party official named Günter Schabowski announced at a press conference upcoming travel reforms which were going to allow citizens of East Germany to travel more freely to West Berlin. When questioned at the press conference when this policy would go into effect, Günter Schabowski said immediately. He meant the program of applying for visits to West Germany would start right away. But people mistakenly thought that the border between East Berlin and West Berlin was immediately opened. Thousands of people flocked to Checkpoint Charlie and demanded to enter West Berlin. The East German guards did not know what to do and eventually stepped aside and let people cross into West Berlin. Thousands of West Berliners arrived at Checkpoint Charlie and other points of the wall. People started climbing onto the wall, others took sledgehammers or any other tools they could find to knock pieces out of this horrible symbol of oppression. The Berlin Wall was now open. Eleven months later the unification treaty went into effect and, as of October 3, 1990, Germany was reunited as one country and as a democracy, and its capital was a reunited Berlin.

--- "The Berlin Wall". That is the title of one of the episodes of my podcast: History Analyzed. For 28 years the Berlin Wall stood as a testament to the cruelties and failures of communism. While Berlin became the epicenter of the Cold War, West Berlin became an island of freedom behind the Iron Curtain. Hear why Germany was divided into two separate countries and how it finally reunited. 

You can find History Analyzed on every podcast app.

--- link to Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/episode/0C67yZqEKv6PDBDbjaj719

--- link to Apple podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-berlin-wall/id1632161929?i=1000597839908

That is the title of the episode I just published today in my podcast: History Analyzed. Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow were Depression Era outlaws who are just known by their first names. They have been romanticized as young lovers who stood by each other and lived life on their own terms. But in reality, Clyde was a thief and a murderer and Bonnie was his willing accomplice. For just over two years they went on a crime spree in the early 1930s robbing and killing. They were finally stopped when a 6 man posse headed by a former Texas Ranger shot and killed them with over 100 bullets, execution style, on a country road in Louisiana. You can find History Analyzed on every podcast app.

--- link to Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/episode/1SFGB9Mq5ImqSLTRSggtbi

--- link to Apple podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bonnie-and-clyde/id1632161929?i=1000676148678

Hello, I'm looking for a fairly specific format. A narrative history of the world told in relatively small-sized episodes. Basically an analogous of Mike Duncan's History of Rome to world history. Let me know if you have any recommendations that match this format (at least roughly).

--- 2014: One World Trade Center officially opened next to the location of the Twin Towers which had been destroyed in the September 11, 2001, terrorist / suicide attacks.

--- 1957: A dog named Laika became the first living creature to orbit the Earth as the Soviets launched Sputnik 2. The capability of returning a capsule safely to Earth had not yet been developed. This was a one-way mission. Laika died long before she ran out of oxygen because the loss of the heat shield made the temperature in the capsule rise to unsafe levels. Due to falsified records by the Soviets at the time, it is unclear how long Laika lived. But it is agreed that she did orbit the earth at least several times.

--- "The Space Race". That is the title of one of the episodes of my podcast: History Analyzed. In 1961, President John F. Kennedy famously promised to land a man on the moon within one decade, but why was there a race to the moon anyway? Get your questions about the space race answered and discover little known facts. For example, many don't realize that a former Nazi rocket scientist was the main contributor to America's satellite and moon program, or that the USSR led the race until the mid-1960s.

You can find History Analyzed on every podcast app.

--- link to Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/episode/37bm0Lxf8D9gzT2CbPiONg

--- link to Apple podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-space-race/id1632161929?i=1000571614289

--- 1517: Martin Luther nailed his 95 theses on the door of Castle Church in Wittenberg (in modern day Germany), leading to the Protestant Reformation.

--- 1864: In the midst of the Civil War, Nevada was admitted as the 36th state.

--- 1926: Escape artist Harry Houdini died in Detroit, Michigan of peritonitis.

--- 1846: The Donner Party reached Truckee Lake in the Sierra Nevada Mountains. They set up camp. Overnight at Truckee Lake it began to snow, and they became trapped in the mountains.

--- "The Donner Party — Cannibalism in California". That is the title of an episode of my podcast: History Analyzed. In 1846, a wagon train which became known as the Donner Party was headed to California. They became trapped in the Sierra Nevada Mountains and resorted to eating those who died. Out of 87 people only 46 survived. You can find History Analyzed on every podcast app.

--- link to Spotify:

https://open.spotify.com/episode/2fbuMbBdvyOszy0ZF3Xsyk

--- link to Apple podcasts:

https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-donner-party-cannibalism-in-california/id1632161929?i=1000618689520

--- 1929: Black Tuesday: the New York Stock Exchange collapsed. This is usually considered the beginning of the Great Depression.

--- 1692: William Phips, the governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, closed the special court which was trying the alleged witches of Salem. Supposedly what prompted the governor to close the court was because his own wife was accused of being a witch.

--- "The Horrors of the Salem Witch Trials". That is the title of one of the episodes of my podcast: History Analyzed. Learn about the true story that inspired the legends. Find out what caused the people of Salem to accuse their neighbors of witchcraft in 1692 and how many died as a result of so-called spectral evidence. You can find History Analyzed on every podcast app.

--- link to Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/episode/3jjqrrlxAEfPJfJNX9TMgN

--- link to Apple podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-horrors-of-the-salem-witch-trials/id1632161929?i=1000583398282

Hello fellow buffs, we are well underway with season 2 of the Double Helix: Blueprint of Nations podcast, and about to hit a year. I began season 2, which will be dedicated to studying Civil Wars that have left a mark on 10 different nations. I already covered the Colombian Civil War and now I am halfway through the U.S. Civil War. I would love to get any feedback you have and a few ratings as well. The podcast style is very much after the style of the only Mike Duncan I absolutely admire. I am trying to do my own thing, but if you've listened to Mike you might find a lot in common, although not as good! not yet anyway.

The next series will be on the Spanish Civil War, and after that I am debating if I should go with Rwanda (little known outside of the massacre of the Tutsis) or the Russian Civil War, which is obviously well covered by many podcasts, including Mike's

Happy Learning!

Website | iTunes | Spotify | Stitcher | RSS

Between the years 1000 and 1500 CE the soggy, sphagnum filled bog lands of the western Low Countries were terraformed to support human habitation and, as such, the seeds of future prosperity and hardships were simultaneously, albeit unknowingly, sown. Draining the swamp meant that land was created for agriculture, farming and settlement. This land was crisscrossed by waterways over which products both domestic and foreign could be moved on boats from the sea to the rivers and vice versa. Draining the swamp also meant that those lands sank, due to oxygen seeping into the pierced mass of moss and rotting the previously petrified peat within. People had to invent things like pumping mills to move water out of the swamp and stave off that waterlogged sinking feeling they had been experiencing. By the start of the 16th century, towns in the Low Countries had become important hubs of commercial shipping, with boats sailing from Northern Germany and beyond to the Baltic Sea, preferring to use the relatively calm and peaceful waters “inside the dunes” of Holland to reach markets in Flanders, as opposed to risking the open waters of the North Sea. Although water management required cooperation between the peoples of different towns, all of this economic activity also naturally created competition and rivalry between these towns, particularly in Holland, as they literally fought over their rights to do things like dig new canals, build new locks and charge tolls. It’s Draining the Swamp Part 2: Too Drained, Too Furious.

Show notes and stream available here

I’m new to Patreon, never used it before.

I reached episode 27, where the H. of B. podcast tells me I can buy extra episodes of Patreon, e.g. episode 28.

But Patreon has a “The History of Byzantium (Yes)” podcast, and a “The History of Byzantium (No)” podcast.

--- 2001: War in Afghanistan commenced as U.S. led coalition forces opened their bombing campaign. Ground forces were deployed two weeks later.

--- 2023: Hamas and other Palestinian nationalist groups attacked Israel. Approximately 1,200 Israelis were killed and approximately 250 Israeli civilians and soldiers were taken hostage.

--- 1949: East Germany was proclaimed as a separate country. After World War II, Germany was occupied and divided into four occupation zones by the main Allied powers. In May 1949 the U.S., U.K., and France combined their occupation zones into the democratic state of the Federal Republic of Germany, commonly referred to as West Germany. The U.S.S.R. formed the communist state of the German Democratic Republic, usually called East Germany. The two countries were reunited on October 3, 1990, as the single state of Germany.

--- "The Berlin Wall". That is the title of one of the episodes of my podcast: History Analyzed. For 28 years the Berlin Wall stood as a testament to the cruelties and failures of communism. While Berlin became the epicenter of the Cold War, West Berlin became an island of freedom behind the Iron Curtain. Hear why Germany was divided into two separate countries and how it finally reunited. 

You can find History Analyzed on every podcast app.

--- link to Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/episode/0C67yZqEKv6PDBDbjaj719

--- link to Apple podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-berlin-wall/id1632161929?i=1000597839908

Spotify | ApplePodcasts | Instagram

Hosted by friends and equestrians Keagan and Keely, History from Horseback is a podcast for the history buff and horse enthusiast. In our episodes we will delve into equine history, exploring the profound impact of horses on culture, warfare, agriculture, and sports throughout the ages.

This next series of episodes is on the real history of Saint George. Kicking the series off by looking at the very first non-biblical writing about Christians in history; a letter from a Roman governor to the Emperor Trajan asking about what to do with some Christians he's found, next exploring the honest to goodness first hand written diary of a Christian in the days leading up to their execution in a Roman arena. Only 80 years after this, in the time of Saint George, another little known Christian who (like Saint George) is also a Roman soldier is given the order by another emperor to slaughter a village of Christians. What happens next sets the stage for our hero the Emperor (Saint George) to appear. https://open.spotify.com/episode/0UvAOUa1lsNg8ehZYQHovi

If Spotify isn't your jam I have one link to all podcast platforms here: https://linktr.ee/grimdarkhistory

--- 1962: African American James Meredith tried to enroll in the University of Mississippi, resulting in a riot. Two people died, 206 marshals and soldiers were wounded, and 200 individuals were arrested. On October 1, protected by Federal forces, Meredith was allowed to register for courses and integrated the University of Mississippi.

--- 1938: In Munich, Germany, an agreement was signed between the United Kingdom, France, and Nazi Germany, averting war at the cost of granting Germany permission to annex the Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia.

--- "A Defense of Neville Chamberlain". That is the title of one of the episodes of my podcast: History Analyzed. Neville Chamberlain has been ridiculed for the 1938 Munich Agreement between Britain and France on one side and Nazi Germany on the other. Instead of being derided, Chamberlain should be praised. Chamberlain tried to avoid a world war. He failed, but at least he tried. And even though he did not completely avoid World War II, his actions ensured that Britain did not lose the war. Britain remaining in the war throughout 1940 and into 1941 allowed for an eventual Allies victory. As some historians have phrased it, Chamberlain did not win World War II, but he prevented the UK from losing the Battle of Britain in 1940 by making sure that Britain had enough fighter planes and an adequate radar system. You can find History Analyzed on every podcast app.

--- link to Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/episode/7kipM5mT21xVw0fH6foc4i

--- link to Apple podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/a-defense-of-neville-chamberlain/id1632161929?i=1000568077534

History Podcast that did an episode on 26th President Teddy Roosevelt.

https://youtu.be/Z9YeEmMdM8Q?si=p6nAPcddN2FuE9Lc

That is the title of the episode, published today, of my podcast: History Analyzed. For years all immigrants were allowed into the U.S., but some could not become citizens. Later, certain nationalities were limited or completely banned. This episode outlines those changes through the 1980s and discusses the pseudoscience of eugenics and how it was used to justify such bigotry and even involuntary sterilizations in the 20th Century. You can find History Analyzed on every podcast app.

--- link to Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/episode/2q1RWIIUKavHDe8of548U2

--- link to Apple podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/immigration-citizenship-and-eugenics-in-the-u-s/id1632161929?i=1000670912848

--- 1580: The Golden Hind, commanded by Francis Drake, returned to Plymouth, England, becoming only the second ship to circumnavigate the Earth.

--- 1960: Candidates John F. Kennedy and Richard Nixon participated in the first televised presidential debate in Chicago, Illinois.

--- 1934: U.S. Olympic Committee president Avery Brundage announced that the American Olympic Committee officially accepted the invitation to participate in the 1936 Berlin Olympics in Nazi Germany. The U.S., and other countries, had considered a boycott because of Nazi policies against the Jews. But when Brundage went to Berlin in 1934, he was treated to a very sanitized version of Nazi Germany. Nazi propaganda minister Joseph Goebbels did an excellent job of hiding the atrocities from the American delegation.

--- "**The 1936 Berlin Olympics". That is the title of one of the episodes of my podcast: History Analyzed. Find out why the Olympics Games were hosted by the world's worst regime. Hear how track and field star Jesse Owens won multiple gold medals, destroying the Nazi theories of racial superiority and humiliating Adolf Hitler in the process. You can find History Analyzed on every podcast app.

--- link to Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/episode/3qFLkGnKKCzQcCNQxmiZqy

--- link to Apple podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-1936-berlin-olympics/id1632161929?i=1000590374769

--- 1862: Abraham Lincoln announced the preliminary Emancipation Proclamation, which he would later sign, and which would go into effect, on New Year’s Day 1863.

--- 1975: After surviving an assassination attempt 17 days earlier, President Gerald Ford was shot at in San Francisco, California by Sara Jane Moore. She fired two shots at Ford, but both missed. Moore spent 32 years in prison.

--- 1980: Iran-Iraq war began.

--- 1692: Eight people were all hanged on the same day, convicted of witchcraft in Salem, Massachusetts: Alice Parker, Mary Parker (it is unclear if they were related, possibly through marriage), Ann Pudeator, Wilmot Redd, Margaret Scott, Samuel Wardwell, Martha Corey, and Mary Easty. Those were the last hangings or executions of any kind in the Salem witch trials.

--- "The Horrors of the Salem Witch Trials". That is the title of one of the episodes of my podcast: History Analyzed. Learn about the true story that inspired the legends. Find out what caused the people of Salem to accuse their neighbors of witchcraft in 1692 and how many died as a result of so-called spectral evidence. You can find History Analyzed on every podcast app.

--- link to Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/episode/3jjqrrlxAEfPJfJNX9TMgN

--- link to Apple podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-horrors-of-the-salem-witch-trials/id1632161929?i=1000583398282

--- 1519: The Armada de Molucca, commanded by Ferdinand Magellan, departed from the Spanish port of Salucar de Barrameda with five ships. The expedition sailed down around the southern part of South America into the Pacific. On September 6, 1522, only one of those five ships, the Victoria, returned to Spain (with only 18 men on board), having sailed from the Pacific through the Indian Ocean, down around the southern tip of Africa, and back to Spain. It was the first circumnavigation of the world.

--- "Ferdinand Magellan and the First Voyage Around the World". That is the title of an episode of my podcast: History Analyzed. In 1519 Magellan set sail with five ships to find a southwest passage — a strait though South America. Three years later, only one ship returned to Spain with just 18 of the original 240 men. They had sailed around the entire earth. The voyage was eventful with mutinies, scurvy, battles, and many discoveries. You can find History Analyzed on every podcast app.

--- link to Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/episode/5fsy7V0lkWpa2shKLQ0uaA

--- link to Apple podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/ferdinand-magellan-and-the-first-voyage-around-the-world/id1632161929?i=1000615551381