/r/genetics

Photograph via //r/genetics

For discussion of genetics research, ethical and social issues arising from genetics and its applications, genetics career questions, etc.

Genetics, genes, and genomes

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  1. Be nice - No trolling, personal attacks, hate speech, bullying, harassment, etc.

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  3. No low effort posts - Posts which are directly addressed by the FAQs in the wiki may be removed. Posts and comments should generate or contribute to a discussion.

  4. No pseudoscience or misinformation

  5. No medical questions - We are not equipped to provide medical advice. Please see the pinned readme thread for details on this rule.

  6. No homework or study help posts outside of the megathread - Please see the pinned megathread for guidelines.

  7. No posts containing just personal ancestry/genetic testing results - Posts for help with interpreting such results should contain a specific question and will be removed if covered by the FAQ.

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Helpful links
Please check out our wiki for FAQs and helpful resources in genetics.

/r/genetics

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0

Stalin tried to have his scientists create a Homo sapiens × Pan troglodytes hybrid, clone it to make many and use it as a low value, easily replaceable foot soldier with high levels of physical strenght. THANKS GOD we have 46 chromosomes, and the experiment failed. But what if we rather tried...

Stalin tried to have his scientists create a Homo sapiens × Pan troglodytes hybrid, clone it to make many and use it as a low value, easily replaceable foot soldier with high levels of physical strenght. As an atheist, he had no God, no Law forbidding human genetic manipulation, and he did not even have morals, not at all.

THANKS GOD we have 46 chromosomes, and the experiment failed. There was no way to get it right. We are just to far from our closest living cousins.

However, Pan is not necessarily our closest living cousins. There is a lost great ape, a bipedal, humanlike creature, separating from our lineage 3 mya, well before our genus was Homo, with most likely 48 chromosomes still. This lost great ape is the Paranthropus.

If in South Africa a relict population of Paranthropus was found alive, could we hybridize it with...Pan ? Yes, even suggesting to try to mix Paranthropus with Homo sapiens is against God, against the Bible, agaibst the Church, against morals, against mankind and even against hominids themselves. Paranthropus separated from Pan 6 mya, just as we did, but it never lost the last 2 chromosomes, until it supposedly got extinct.

There is a small possibility for a living population of 10 - 50 Paranthropus individuals in the Knysna forest, but this is not a place to discuss about whatever Paranthropus lives. Those creatures, known as Otang, are the new Bili ape, and not unlike the Bili ape, they are there, but they are likely...known great apes, but in an unusual location. Likely a new subspecies of Gorilla Beringei.

Here is the place to discuss, if Paranthropus is alive, what would happen if it gets hybridized with chimpanzee. Is it possible ? Could there be a way to make the result more intelligent without infusing it with human genes ? Can we infuse it with Neanderthal DNA ? Neanderthals are utterly dead because we absorbed them into mankind, but we have some recovered Neanderthal DNA.

6 Comments
2024/12/05
22:01 UTC

0

Could humans mutate to have strange coloured eyes?.

Hello, so I know blue eyes are a genetic mutation. I was curious to see if humans could genetically have mutated to have red, yellow, or purple eyes. If so, why hasn’t this happened? Sorry for the strange question; I’m not very educated on mutations that cause human traits.

14 Comments
2024/12/04
16:13 UTC

2

Calculating LOD score using WGS data

Hi everyone, this is my first post here -- thank you in advance for your time and help.

Does anyone know if it's possible to calculate an LOD score using whole genome sequencing data for a species that doesn't have a recombination/linkage map? I have wgs data (all unphased) from 20 animals, along with an eye disease pedigree that shows an autosomal pattern of inheritance. Of the 20 animals sequenced, 10 are from inside the pedigree (5 affected, 5 unaffected), and the other 10 are outside controls.

So far, I've done linkage by co-segregation (seeing which SNP/indels co-segregate with the clinical phenotype to try to map the genetic interval). But would classical linkage analysis be possible (ie, calculating an LOD score)? I've done some reading about using Merlin (or similar software) but it seems the available software all require an linkage map for input. Google/ChatGPT AI suggested calculating an LOD score using a range of assumed recombination fractions (is this even feasible)?

I know you all are busy and appreciate your time!

3 Comments
2024/12/03
17:57 UTC

3

Job oportunities

Hello everybody, I'm currently finishing my biology bachelor degree and I was thinking about taking genetic master degree next year. But I searched in linkedin and found no such jobs, maybe you can tell me about your experience in this field. Sidehusltes or online job are welcome as well. Any experience of making money) Just trying to figure out what's next 😶

10 Comments
2024/12/03
13:40 UTC

0

Why not universal gene therapy

Why not universal gene therapy for klotho, apoe foxo3 since these kinds of genes improve longevity and intelligence

10 Comments
2024/12/03
02:50 UTC

2

Raw genome from 23 & me testing results-confused

DNA tests show I have homozygous gene for something that I wouldn’t have lived past 10

Hi everyone my doctor use my raw genetic code from 23 and me and uploaded it a website to do some evaluations for mutations and rare mutations and apparently I have the homozygous gene for something called Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS syndrome). Super confused as I’m currently 25 and don’t really or haven’t had a lot of the associated symptoms

Is is possible to have two recessive homozygous genes for something and not get the condition or disease?

I am dealing with other health issues right now and really don’t need any added unnecessary anxiety.

37 Comments
2024/12/02
22:18 UTC

0

Mixed Race Children

Let’s say a German woman and a Japanese man have a child. Would the Japanese man have more genetic similarity to their child or to an unrelated Japanese person?

I ask this because I saw someone say that a parent of a mixed race child has more in common genetically with someone of their race than their child. It seemed like racist anti race mixing rhetoric, but I don’t have any knowledge of genetics to be able to conclude that. Is it true or a misrepresentation?

15 Comments
2024/12/02
20:59 UTC

4

Resources to start learning

I have 0 background in biology, but my daughter was recently diagnosed with a genetic syndrome. I don't intend to become an expert, but I would like to better understand NDA, Chromosomes and Genetics. What might be a good way to start?

9 Comments
2024/12/02
16:37 UTC

8

Can anyone explain what happens to the DNA structure at this point? (E.coli RNA Polymerase alpha subunit, PDB: 3N4M)

3 Comments
2024/12/02
15:43 UTC

1

Master's thesis ideas related to big data?

Hello :) I'm currently a master's student in the life sciences, with a few years of work experience in the fields of SQL databases/development/engineering. I'm trying to find out if there are any thesis topics related to genetics, where I could apply "data engineering" or "big data" methods using SQL.

My issue is that, while I'm studying a lot and have good grades, I just recently made an entry into the life sciences (bachelor's was in psychology), so I'm at a loss for a master's topic.

Of course, there are many master's topics I could easily choose, but I'm really looking for one related to big data where I could make use of my background in SQL database development. I'm especially interested in new technologies/systems, maybe something related to gene editing (CRISPR).

3 Comments
2024/12/02
13:22 UTC

2

Need help finding the rs no of a missense variant

I want to find the rs no of a missense variant in exon 5 of SRD5A2 gene but all I know is the protein sequence p.R246Q, I'm unable to find any literature that mentions the rs no of this SNP and my teachers won't help, please let me know how to trace the rs no of this SNP, thanks in advance!

4 Comments
2024/12/02
12:00 UTC

3

Genetics testing - insurance

I’m a candidate to get genetic testing and talk to genetics counselor. I live in the USA and every time we get a new president they change the rules around healthcare coverage. The biggest reason I have not done it is privacy and how it could be used against me where I could be denied coverage because the genetics test could show I have the gene marker. Is there a way to do the genetics testing - anonymously?

10 Comments
2024/12/02
06:19 UTC

0

Nebula Genomics or Veritas?

I would like to use one of these companies for whole genome sequencing. I’d like to keep the cost around/under $1k. I like the idea of 100x sequencing (if I’m only doing the test once in my life why not do the most accurate test?) but don’t know a ton about how much more you’re really getting from a 100x vs 30x. I prefer my data not be sold or shared without my consent - definitely not if it’s tied to my personal info. My primary purpose for doing this is to gain valuable health insights and learn actionable changes to make to improve it. I plan to upload the results to the FoundMyFitness genetic dashboard and use reports/studies the company provides access to in order to learn about said insights and changes. Input is appreciated, thank you in advance

10 Comments
2024/12/02
00:48 UTC

2

MD geneticist in Europe

Hi everyone! In my country, genetics as a residency, exist only for 3 years. Im interested and might apply but my concerns are that there aren’t any geneticists besides pediatric ones who would be able to share the knowledge.

What is the situation in Europe? How appreciated geneticist are, what is their future?

Thanks!

0 Comments
2024/12/01
20:47 UTC

2

high school genetics class

I am teaching a semester long high school genetics course next year and am trying to put together a good course. I would like some guidance on books, worksheets, games, genetics websites,etc., basically anything you would consider important for this type of class.

7 Comments
2024/12/01
00:12 UTC

3

Genetic counseling, MD geneticist, or PhD

Hi all, I am looking for some guidance or personal experience!!

I am a junior genetics major, and since I was in high school have wanted to pursue genetic counseling for a number of reasons. However, the more people I meet who are in human genetics/ clinical genetics in fields other than genetic counseling, the more I questions if I want to pursue the MD or PhD route.

I absolutely love genetics, always have, and am confident that the field itself will fulfill me for the rest of my life. However, after shadowing a geneticist as well as hearing about the job my lab’s graduated PhD student works now in diagnosing diseases via genomics I’m realizing that these career routes are extremely compelling to me as well.

Before college, genetic counseling was the obvious choice for me because it is only a masters, the salary is great, and there are so many directions you can go in concerning the field. But now that I am a junior and realize that I blinked and am suddenly a year from graduating, 4+ more years of education does not seem so daunting.

Becoming a geneticists would allow even more direction and ability than a genetic counselor, and would allow me to work internationally which is something I consider heavily. There are also even more of a shortage for geneticists than either other path, so I feel I could have a larger impact. But I don’t see myself in med school, and had never considered it before.

As for a PhD route, I adore the type of people within this tract, and love research and my lab. It would also be paid for, and again allow for international work or for more ability within a research based career within genetics or something like the PhD student does now. But there also seems to be less job opportunities in clinical genetics, if this is even true, and sometimes I even see myself completely steering outside of clinical. It’s all just so interesting and fulfilling for me.

What helped you guys decide which path to pursue within genetics, and what do you love about what you do now?

19 Comments
2024/11/30
21:58 UTC

0

Genetics & Long Covid

Hi all

I think I’ve found a genetic rationale for some patients with long covid myself included. I was wanting to know if there’s a genealogist who can assist me who may have a strong interest in this area? It’s my first post but I think I’ve found something rather curious.. you see I’m one of the long standing NOVID’s and I believe I have the protective HIV antigen from Nordic ancestry/black plaque survivor descendants. I had my HLA profile done and I would love it if there’s a specialist in this area I could work with.

11 Comments
2024/11/30
18:31 UTC

4

Offsprings of two sets of identical twins.

How much dna would these double cousins share coming from 2 sets of identical twins.

2 Comments
2024/11/30
07:07 UTC

0

Doubting my current major and college

I couldn't think of a good title, and please bare with me if I sound like I'm just spewing stuff because I'm still thinking about this.

So I'm currently studying online at an art university to earn my degree in animation/VFX but I'm having some second thoughts about my career choice. I'm starting to gain interest in science again, specifically genealogy. Studying genes, traits, and biology in humans and animals sounds like a lot of fun and possibly, a more stable income source as a career, which is pretty much the main reason why I'm considering possibly trying to enroll elsewhere to study such. The animation industry is so hard to start out in and earn money straight away, and I'm afraid I won't be able to pull my weight if I stick with my current career choice.

The problems with this are as follows:
- I'm already three semesters deep (I'm 19, a college sophomore) and I'd feel awful wanting to switch and start over, my parents are paying and actively going into debt for me to continue attending my current university, and them paying for more years of me going to college will only worsen their (and my, I plan to pay this back to them in the future) debt.
- I depend on being able to go to school remotely/online and ON MY OWN TIME, I have a part-time job and I don't have the money, time, or resources to move or go to college out of state, and my current living and job situation does not accommodate for me to go to college on-campus or unfortunately even hybrid.

I'm not sure what there is I even CAN do, I might just suck it up and continue doing what it is I'm doing now. I feel like there might be too much at risk. Any suggestions or comments are welcome and appreciated, I'd thought I'd just post here to maybe hear from people and explore some options.

TLDR: I possibly want to switch careers and universities to study genealogy but money, job, and living situations are making it extremely difficult to safely do so.

2 Comments
2024/11/30
04:34 UTC

0

Are English people related to Persians?

Are they related genetically and historically? Both belong to the Indo-European group

1 Comment
2024/11/29
23:28 UTC

2

Cousins between siblings and half siblings

I'm sure there's a better way to word that, but my brain is exhausted from trying to figure this out. If two full siblings have children with two half siblings, what kind of cousins are the children? How much dna do we share?

Here's my situation:

Tom and Lisa are half siblings. Same father, different mothers

Eddie and Melina are full siblings, same parents

Eddie + Lisa = me

Tom + Melina = my cousin

Are we half cousins or double cousins or?? What is this called? I've been googling for an hour, and I keep getting stuff on inc*st.

Please don't make fun of me 😂

6 Comments
2024/11/29
18:11 UTC

2

Looking for books recommendations

Hello

I'm forensic major student who is looking for a textbook which gives me insights about epigenetics (I really will appreciate if it explains from basic)

Thank you <3

0 Comments
2024/11/29
07:00 UTC

0

What's the difference?

What is the difference between an Egyptian and a Coptic Egyptian in 23andme DNA analysis? .. meant by “Egyptian” is that I am Egyptian with a little mixing with other races, and “Egyptian Coptic" meaning a completely pure ancient Egyptian race? Do I understand correctly?

1 Comment
2024/11/29
05:05 UTC

2

How can a population have high levels of genetic diversity but also high levels of identity-by-descent?

A study from 2010, which I will list below, claims that Ashkenazi Jews have higher genetic diversity than non-Jewish Europeans, but also higher identity-by-descent. How is this possible? https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1004381107

8 Comments
2024/11/28
18:27 UTC

0

There's this study I found from 2016 that I'm not sure if I am misunderstanding.

This post is kind of related to one I posted a few hours ago. This study claims that Ashkenazi Jews are closest genetically to Turkish and Caucasian populations. However, this graph included in the study that shows genetic distances between Ashkenazi Jews and other populations appears to show Ashkenazi Jews noticeably closer to Greek and Italian populations than Turkish and Caucasian populations. Is this study cherry-picking data, or is there something I am misunderstanding? I have only a cursory knowledge of genetics, mainly from what little I learned in high school biology, so I could be completely wrong about what this graph is showing.

17 Comments
2024/11/28
05:15 UTC

5

NIPT- T21 detected

Hello everyone. I’m sorry if this is the wrong group for a question like this.

I’m 29 years old, 15 weeks with my first pregnancy, no family history of Down syndrome.

A week ago I received my MaterniT21 NIPT results showing an increased representation of chromosome 21. 14% fetal fraction and a positive predictive value of 61.3%.

My next step is an amniocentesis but due to living overseas(military) and the lack of maternal fetal medicine providers, I have to wait to be approved by a Japanese doctor to be seen and tested.

While I’m waiting in this limbo hell, I guess I was just wondering what anyone’s thoughts are on my results? Can I remain hopeful for a false positive?

I haven’t slept much and I feel like I’m losing my mind.

26 Comments
2024/11/28
04:48 UTC

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