1: Assume we have a pair of identical twins. We magically switch out ONE specific gene sequence in the one twin, which results in them having orange eyes. Without any other information, what would the probability be that changing said gene in another random (unrelated) baby would cause the same effect? Would it be fair to presume that there is a high chance the same effect would occur? (Something like 'it's more likely than not...')?

An analogy to this would be me walking over and spilling a mysterious juice on someone's skin that causes their skin to turn green. I would presume that the same effect would occur on another unrelated random person, despite not yet running any additional tests.

The question, then, is basically: is there something fundamentally different about how genes work that would make these two circumstances non-analagous? To be clear, I understand that there's uncertainty regardless. The substance of this question is more about whether a logical induction can be made similarly between them.

2: Imagine they're twins, rather than identical twins. Does the answer change?

3: Let's assume that my brief Google research is right in that there are 150~ genes that determine skin color. Let's assume that we identify 150~ genes in one group of people like a country that seem to determine something like teeth size. Would it be reasonable to presume that these genes would also likely have the same effect on another group of people, like a different country? Or would it be just as likely that these genes have a completely different effect or no effect at all on teeth?

I have dna tested myself, my dad and my maternal grandfather. After uploading these kits, I got a match with me, my father and another person on the website. However, the person who matched is closer related to me 0.8% (59.1‎ cM) than my father 0.2% (16.2‎ cM)? Also no match with my maternal grandfather? Is it an error or a relative of my maternal grandmother got together with a relative of my dad?

https://preview.redd.it/3r9fmmma5wzd1.png?width=1150&format=png&auto=webp&s=80dbb8e93c831a46f72026c510981996dbf3db94

My younger cousin has been super interested in genetics since his science class did a unit on it. He says he might want to go to college for it. What books would you all recommend for a 14 year old boy?

Edit:

over the last couple hours I've gone down a rabbit hole researching books. I've compiled a list from other threads but have no idea what I'm looking at. And as much as I love the kid, I don't want to break the bank with a couple dozen books (esp when I don't know what type of genetics he has an interest in). But I also want to be sure he has a strong foundation. Can you all help me cut it down some, maybe clear out overlapping books?

#Textbook-ish:

• genetics: from genes to genomes
• griffith's intro to genetic analysis
• cartoon guide to genetics
• genetics for dummies
• thompson's genetics in medicine
• the tangled bank by Zimmer

#Human Evolution:

• the gene by mukherjee
• the selfish gene by dawkins
• genome by ridley
• herding hemingway's cats by arney
• the meaning of human existence by EO Wilson (on the fence)
• blueprint by Christakis (seemed like it might be better than Wilson)
• your inner fish by shubin
• some assembly required by shubin
• how the leopard changed its spots by goodman
• making of the fittest by carroll
• not in our genes by lewontin
• she has her mother's laugh by Zimmer
• the violinist's thumb by kean
• 7 daughters of eve by sykes
• a series of unfortunate events by carroll
• history & geography of human genes by sforza
• a brief history of everyone who ever lived by Rutherford
• a short history of nearly everything by Bryson
• a brief history of earth by knoll (not necessarily genetics but I enjoyed it when I read it)
• hacking darwin by metzl
• a crack in creation by doudna

#GMOs/not human focus

• DNA demystified by mchughen
• in mendel's footnotes by tudge
• how to clone a Mammoth by shapiro

#History:

• the double Helix by Watson
• unraveling the double Helix by Williams
• Neanderthal man by Pääbo
• the chimp and the river by Quammen
• the hot zone by preston
• darwin's ghost by stout
• symphony in C by Hazen
• guns, germs, and steel by diamond (ik there's some sort of controversy there)
• how to win a nobel prize by bishop
• mutants by leroi

#Biography:

• carrier by rough
• the immortal life of Henrietta lacks
• code breaker by isaacson

#Fiction:

• my sister's keeper
• science of discworld
• next by chriton
• jurassic park

#Ones I decided against:

• letters to a young scientist
• why evolution is true
• Homo deus by Harare
• regenesis by church

X linked traits and hormone replacement treatment correlation

I have seen trans men (afab taking testosterone) go through male pattern baldness once theyve taken hormones for some time. Obviously, male pattern baldness only affects males, and is a sex linked trait. Based on what i know an x/sex-linked trait is carried on the x chromosome and more often presents in males as only one copy is needed whereas a female would need two copies to be anything more than a carrier.

1. would the trans man effected need two copies of the male pattern baldness gene in addition to the testosterone/hrt that “activated” it?

……or, like a biological male, would the trans man only need one copy in addition to the testosterone activator?

2. would this specific balding gene be part of genetic linkage where you have to be biologically male in order for it to show? If so, would the simulated male levels of testosterone trick the body into putting the genes to work even though the trans man is not biologically male?

not sure if this made sense completely but i was just curious lol

Hey. Looking for a 30x test kit available in the UK.

Have searched around to compare prices (>400% markup between some companies, wild) and came across mostly junk. DanteLabs appears cheap but the company is taking money but isn't processing requests due to being insolvent, Nebula initally seemed cheap but then try to charge for a year subscription to junk that isn't needed at checkout, etc.

Was just wondering if there are any suppliers of good quality genetic tests that are generally recommended by the subreddit.

Thanks.

Mammals have complex genetic systems to regulate ideal hair lengths. Would it be possible to genetically modify grasses to enter a resting phase once they've reached a certain length? There would need to be a selective pressure against wild type grasses otherwise they'd just outcompete these engineered grasses. And I know grass is a huge water suck with little payoff, but if people insist on keeping their lawns, then significant labor and energy could be saved by no longer requiring mowing.

If we can make spider silk in goats and make bacterial pesticides in crops, this doesn't seem so farfetch'd.

I'm a UC Davis undergrad majoring in genetics and genomics wanting to pursue a PHD in genetics with the hopes of doing research. However, I am running into an issue of my gpa might not meet the minimum requirement for application this cycle, my bioinformatics class is kicking my ass. I'm a transfer student so all the classes I had left were upper division and the transition between CC and UC has been tough.

I wanted to apply for a PhD at UC Davis but my mentor recommended I look into Merced as well. Do you guys think that makes sense? They don't have a genetics PhD from my understanding so would I still be able to pursue research in genetics?

I'm also wondering if my GPA doesn't meet the minimum requirement what should I do to help with that? I will have a few more quarters after this application cycle to get my GPA up before I graduate, but in the off chance I am not able to do that what should I do in a "gap year" to make me a viable candidate?

Thanks to anyone who responds your advice is much appreciated!

Some possible examples:

-Hair changing color in response to sunlight

-Experiencing the same benefits (or some of the same benefits) from being in "nature" (around plants, soil, natural bodies of water, and sunlight)

-Sunlight-related needs or benefits

-Personality-related phenotypic traits

-An instinctive sense of "Yes" and "No"?

-Understanding when a question is being asked based on inflection

-Instinctively fasting during an upset stomach

-Showing affection via hugging

-Health negatively impacted by ultra processed food (not sure if that's due to phenotypic traits or due to the food or both)

-Tendency to nap around noon

-A need for companionship

-A need for affection

How can we identify the risk allele associated with the rs id, as dbSNP and GWAS seem to have less information about the risk allele when searching for a rs id? Does anybody have worked on this?

Hello everyone,

I am aware that there is a fair bit of posts that pop up here and there about jobs in genetics field but I wanted to get some information for my perspective.

I am a genetics major student in Canada and I am in my last year of studies (hopefully). For the past couple of years I have been volunteering in research labs that is not really related to genetics. However, in my opinion rather than the research topics, the experiences I have gained is far more important. I have gained experiences in many different lab techniques, such as immunostaining, PCR, microscopy techniques, animal care, behavioral experiments and many more. These are all on top of what I already learned from lab courses and I am currently working on my own final project to end with a "bang" lets say.

I would like to continue my masters over a job but I need some funds because of the high international student fees.

Now since I am in my last year I started peeking at the job market. However, I could not see anything that is related to genetics. Usually, there are lab assistant or lab tech positions but they all require CSMLS certificate which genetics program is not eligible as far as I can see.

I was hoping you guys can give me some insights what can I do or how can I proceed with my career.

Thank you for reading my post everyone :)

When I was studying genetic markers and the bandings on chromosomes, I had myself partially lost.

Though I am familiar with the nomenclature of genetic markers, I am unfamiliar with what the decimal points refer to. For instance, -q25.2 or -q23.3 attached to the numeral (autosome chromosome) or character (sex chromosome) of the chromosome. I am just not understanding the .#.

To ask another question, what do each of the band marks refer to or represent? Do these band marks refer to a certain trait or gene?

Is it possible to calculate the Fst of a population dataset containing subpopulations when all that is given is the observed heterozygosity?

If your car's is broken and wont drive, would you spend time polishing the windows or fixing the doors? Of course; Neither. You’d go straight for the engine, right? Some things simply have more impact than others — especially when it comes to longevity.

Trends in health range from eating algae with some even suggesting you should eat Ashwagandha all the way to decoding our DNA. Think about it this way: not smoking will probably add more years to your life than taking a daily Ashwaganda or algae. Now of course these are not mutually exclusive, you can both not smoke and eat the right supplements. But following this argument there are billions of things we have to do to increase our longevity, supplements, treatments, therapies and so forth.

Let’s shift the conversation to what is high impact, and therefore genetic conditions. If you look at the statistics, it is crazy. For example, familial hypercholesterolemia affects 1 in 250 people, over 90% are undiagnosed and unfourtnantly the first symptom may very well be a heart attack at your 40s. There are more heart conditions that have the same statistic all the way to hereditary cancer?

My question is, why are we so focused on so much small things and not our own stepping stones of life, DNA? I am working with monogenic diseases, ask me anything.

Basically the title

I've never met my uncle before, but I often feel energetic and have the need to just jump around the house like an idiot just because I can. (espescially if there's music) Apparently my uncle used to love jumping and running everywhere when he was younger, too.

My brother used to rest in the womb the same way my grandma slept. I wonder if it's correlated or just coincidences?

I am O- My parents were O+ and O- so all good. My kids dad is A+, now not one of 3 of my kids is exactly same as either of us but a mix. Eldest A- then middle and last O+ is that normal they all got mixed up? The A- caused most issues for him, cannot explain why something to do with my blood. Lost 4 pregnancies after 3rd I would think they would have given RH needle though.

Hi, is my privacy actually safe when I use 3rd party apps to analyze my genome? I had my DNA sequenced on Sequencing and have only used them to ananlyze my genome. Thinking about using one of their partners. What should I do?

if I look more like and have more characteristics of my mother then I have more of her DNA? But if I where to have a child with a man him having more of his fathers DNA, could there be a possibility that our child comes out looking like more of (the mothers) fathers side even tho I’m more made up like my mother? Correct me if I’m wrong in anyway and the science behind it I’m very interested

Just wondering if trainees would like to meet informally in groups and go around Denver!

Not sure why these groups don’t exist, but I would love to meet more genetic enthusiasts!

"Does exome sequencing offer consistent coverage and depth across both coding and non-coding regions?

Hi, I'm a master student in bioinformatics and I have a strong computer science background but a really poor biological background (i.e. I've never studied microbiology, embryology, histology...). I have a good bases in genetics, could anyone recommend me some resources/books on genetics (not just human) and immune genetics? Thanks so much in advance

It can get pretty expensive to keep getting small segments of my genome tested while not necessarily offering new direction to consider subsequent other sorts of testing, or treatment that might help.

My question is if 30x full genome sequencing would capture all the snp I want, so that if a Dr wonders if I have a variant of CYP21A2 that is associated with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (cah), that can be looked up readily, or even to actively scan through in case there are any strong genetic associations like having HLA-DQB1*06:02 ?

Or is this flexibility of a full genome sequencing unreasonable or impractical?

I

Hello! I have a male cat that is orange with white on his face, paws, and belly. I did a basepaws DNA test for him and everything made sense except for his coat color. The report said that he inherited two copies of a CA deletion in the ASIP gene, from my understanding a mutation of that type would lead to a solid coat color that is likely black. I am not super familiar with cat genetics but from my understanding it is not possible for a male cat to have two copies of that mutation and not be solid or black. So I was just wondering how this was possible? If it helps i originally fostered him with his mother and brothers, so I know what they looked like. His mother was a dilute tortie (grey and beige), one of his brothers was solid gray with white patches, one was a gray tabby, and one was identical to him beige and white. Thank you!

Hello, I recently got my DNA data from ancestry and was wondering if there are any free tools for analyzing the data for genetic health risks. I’ve seen a couple options but it’s hard to know which ones are valid.