For the last near decade I’ve lived a very modest life. Spending very little money on any pleasure. I’ve lived with family and saved essentially everything and have amassed $200k in a HYSA and another $150k invested in a taxable brokerage account, on top of my retirement funding. Capital gains in the taxable are only around $25k, as I recently started non retirement investing, so a lot of that is principle.

Recently bought a $500k home with a 7% mortgage. I put $100k down to avoid PMI, taking my cash level down to $100k from $200k

I’m wondering if I should drop my cash reserves down to $25k as my emergency fund, and liquidate everything in my taxable and put $225,000 on my $400,000 mortgage, which will leave me with $175,000 left owed and $25,000 remaining outside of retirement.

I can save $30-40k a year, so that means in order to pay off the mortgage, for the next 5 years I’d have to put every additional dollar I have on the house on top of this liquidation and keeping my funds down at the bare bones $25k level. In 5 years I would essentially have a paid for $500k house and $25k in cash to my name - this all is if I don’t get married and “life happens”. Anything outside of this dedicated plan would add more years to payoff.

On the other hand, I could keep the $150,000 growing in the markets and keep investing as I have been before taking on this mortgage - And then refinance my loan at a later date. Technically right now I could have close to $225k invested if I chose to invest everything down to that $25k level instead of using it for the mortgage.

I am having trouble deciding on what to do

Hi all,

Things are going pretty well with my investing since finding this community and becoming more financially literate. I'm at $200k net worth, with about $120k in a 401k, $60k in investments (basic stuff like VOO), and $20k sitting in the bank.

I'm pretty comfortable that I've hit most of the MAIN things in terms of having my financial ducks in a row, but now I'm starting to wonder if I should really have that $20k earning like... 50 cents a month.

Should I put the $20k in an HYSA? How do people tend to USE HYSAs? Can you still find one that basically works like a normal savings account? I.e. good for paying rent, transferring to make large CC purchases, etc.

Or do most people have a SMALL account at a standard bank for those basic functions, and then leave like... a somewhat larger, but still comparatively small chunk, in an HYSA? If they're functionally the SAME, then I feel like I'm losing out by not having that money in an account earning good interest. But if they're actually quite inconvenient then... should I just trim my savings down a little more and put them into investments?

Thanks for thoughts/advice/explanations!

When I do my rudimentary calculations on Xcel using the =fv formula I use the following info.

I 8%/12 Pv 200k Pmt 23k /12 Nper 20x12

My question is, since the 401k max historically increases every year or every other year is there a way to build this into my formulation without manually doing each year. Thank you

I’m 32 and have $700k id like to retire at 48

What’s the best type of account to place a sum of money like this into? I will also have a pension at 48 as that will put me at 25 years in the state retirement I work for. Does anyone have any ideas as to what to do with the money I have on hand now to ensure I make the most I possibly can before I kick my feet back? Do you think it will be enough to just throw into a bond or a dividend when included with my pension? I also wonder how much I should diversify that cash into other accounts as to not put all my eggs in one basket. And if there’s any places you guys would like to recommend for me to travel/ experience in my retirement I would also welcome all suggestions haha

Hiya all. I think I'm a year-ish away from FIRE, but am having trouble determining what I will end up spending in retirement, for a variety of reasons. I'd appreciate input here on two things: (1) my status in general/any tips; and (2) my actual predicted spend.

First, numbers (all for both me and wife):

Just for information's sake, Wife and I make about $500K together, all in. Mid 30s.

Cash equivalents: ~$80K (I know it's high - saving up for expenses/401K contributions/IRA at beginning of next year)

Tax advantaged accounts (including HSAs): ~$500K

Taxable brokerage accounts: ~ $1.4M

Home: $350K value / $173K mortgage @/2%.

Pretty much everything is in 100% VTI or equivalents, with a bare minimum in foreign stocks, bonds, gold ETFs etc. I'd say 98% of my entire assets are in VTI or equivalents. A portion of my cash is in I-bonds with 1.3% fixed rates.

Now, spending. My spending for the last five years has been:

2024 (predicted): ~80K

2023: $89K

2022: $63K

2021: $76K

2020: $72K

These numbers include paycheck deductions, which I count as spending, i.e., stuff like healthcare.

If I retire, I will first pay off the mortgage out of my taxable brokerage (with appropriate tax strategizing re: capital gains), so I immediately deduct that from the average of my five years' spending. Then I also take out conservative amounts for cleaning lady, healthcare (assuming I get ACA), and other save time work things. Then I add a $10K buffer, and end up with $61K estimated post-retirement spending. BUT it feels pretty random, especially since those expenses are not constant over the 5 years of data I have (some years I had a cleaning lady, some I didn't. Some years work healthcare was free, but this year it cost $8,000).

EDIT: To be clear, my concern here is that I can't remove a constant number from the average of my spending, and I don't have categorical breakdowns of each year -- so it's just hard to know EXACTLY what I spent or will spend.

Our general goal is to spend at least a full year visiting family, too, so it's pretty much impossible to know what we'll be spending if we do that.

But, just for information sake, if I take the $61K, then I'm presently at a 3.47% WR if I were to retire today. My thought is to aim for 3%, as I expect lower future market returns than in the past (with these numbers I'm 86% of the way there).

So questions:

(1) do you think I'm lined up well for retirement in 2026 at some point?

(2) any tips on guessing post-retirement spending? I'm at a loss.

(3) any other tips/feedback?

Things like NVDA and Bitcoin have rallied hard in the past couple months. Meanwhile I've just been investing mostly in total stock market index funds monthly via my mega backdoor roth and taxable account. I feel bad missing out on all these huge return rallies and watching people post about their growth.

I crossed the $1.05m threshold and had to post as I keep this sort of stuff quiet! 42 years old which is definitely later than others on here, but pretty pleased, as I moved to the states less than 10 years ago with very little to my name (as in $5k). Started late and hopefully making up for it. 🤞🏻✨

How are folks accounting for this in their Fire number?

Reached our FIRE number, but only because of crazy gains in the last 2 years. Should FIRE number account for a possible 30-40% drop in the next few years?

33 year old male here. Don’t really have anyone to tell, so here I am. I don’t do anything special, just dump money in FXAIX. Probably better ways to do things but glad for this milestone.

No debt. Other than 130k on a house worth $500k Love my job Want to travel extensively

Thinking a lot about a career change. About 600k over my FIRE goal w SS factored in. Nervous to stop working completely in my field. Pay is about $150-200k in tech. 49 and need a short 8-10 yr phase out career with less stress. How did you all transition or did you just travel for a couple years then reassess things? Worried I can jump back in if I leave.

Hey everyone, I’m new here and just wanted to share a bit about my journey and ask for some advice. I’m 23 years old single dude with 0 debt. Im a 9th grade high school drop out due to drug abuse but got clean at 19 and started working for a moving company making 17k-22k a year. In February 2023, I took a leap and started my own moving company. That has helped me save more than I thought I’d ever have in my life lol.

Just yesterday I invested $90K into VOO and maxed out my Roth IRA. Honestly, I’m not entirely sure what I’m doing but I wanna do something.

Like many others, I’d love to retire early, but I’m trying to be more realistic with my expectations. Right now, my plan is to invest $1K-$2.5K a month into voo. There’s no real strategy in place yet…

I feel so grateful to be able to ask a few questions I’m hoping to get some insight on: 1.Do you think I really need a financial advisor at this point? 2.Is it a mistake to keep all my liquid cash in VOO for now? (should I invest as much as possible or keep just adding $1k a month) 3.Say a man has 30k in cash under his mattress should he invest it and report it to irs or hold onto it. 4. Any other questions I should be asking myself? 5. Should I take my money out and buy real estate or just keep investing?

Any advice on improving my financial planning, my life, or even supporting my family better would mean a lot. I’m still figuring things out, but I’m determined to make good decision Thank you all for reading, and I truly appreciate any wisdom you can share! I truly hope you all find wealth and happiness if that’s what you’re looking for🙏

Personal expenses: (not including business expenses) $1200 rent $500 in food a month 😄 I eat out a lot bc I work almost everyday of the month. $55 phone bill $140 truck insurance $560 in gas

While planning for early retirement.

If we would retire yearly and would want to sign up for health insurance using Affordable Care Act marketplace, we can enroll using "Special Enrollment Period", but how is income computed for the pricing level? Is it based on annual total income or income starting from the point of the enrolment?

Hello, I am leaving my W2 job (38M) and moving over to our investments, which is awesome, but the biggest concern I have is around our 1 year olds healthcare.

I am looking to purchase health insurance for my wife (34F) + 1 year old child on the ACA Marketplace starting on 1/1/2025. We live in Chicago, IL.

When using the ACA Marketplace, I was able to find a plan for my wife and I no problem. The challange is that our child gets put on medicaid which then turns into Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP).

I am having problems finding pediatricians in Chicago that accept CHIP, I may be doing the search wrong.

It seems like from others posts, some have had very good luck with CHIP. I am open to any suggestions on where to search or whom to speak with. Thanks in advance!

At 62, I can’t say “retire early”, but I’d like to get out when I can.

$3.8M networth. ~$1.3M in primary residence, no mortgage. <$200 in HYSA. Remainder in 401Ks and other investments.

~$400k in unvested RSUs with employer, with bits and pieces vesting quarterly (spread across next 4 years, more front-loaded)

Currently living in HCOL, planning to move to LCOL (own a $120k property there that I may lease or sell).

SO is retired. All children are out of college and self-supporting.

Thoughts on giving the finger to the boss in the new year?

I checked my account today and I'm up 46% year over year with almost $2.7m invested

https://imgur.com/a/oaqBKXR

Obviously I could never have expected the market to do what it's doing, but how exactly am I supposed to make any projections when my account goes up almost 50% in one year when the book says that was supposed to take 6-7 years?

In my local currency in Northern Europe (~140.000 USD)

M28. It feels great achieving a goal I set a few years ago, but still seems so far from anywhere near financial independence in a high-tax country. Just want to have the ability to decide over my own time. I guess I will keep on living below my means and saving. Curious to hear FIRE cases from Europe

Hit FIRE this year at 31 largely with passive commercial real estate investing. But, there's a lot that went into getting where I am today so here's the top 3 ways I did this fast without inheriting money, marrying rich, getting hit by a city bus, or working for a family business...

1. Unconventional path after high school

I didn't go to college right out of high school. I struggled to find my purpose which led me to taking a few years to work full time, then joined the military, then went to school much later than the average person.

This helped me go to college when I was a bit more mature and realize how to actually get the most out of my experience there. I was able to make better connections, know what I really needed to learn and what I could just get through, and most importantly avoided going into debt.

I graduated with a degree in marketing so nothing fancy but using military benefits and the cash I made while working full time between HS and college kept me from taking out loans and gave me some good life experience.

That work experience also helped me get good jobs throughout college so I was always making decent money along the way. Pair that with living a cheap low maintenance lifestyle and I was set up well for success.

2. Followed my talent, not my passion.

I believe everyone has specific strengths and talent even if it's not totally obvious to you. You are naturally better at something than other people are even without working at it or practicing.

If you recognize that talent and also put in the work to sharpen your skills there, you can monetize in a big way.

My passion is fitness and jiu jitsu.

My talent is public speaking and sales.

It's much easier to make great money in sales.

Not only was I always naturally good at speaking to people and being confident, but when I realized that was my path to FIRE I really dove into sales as a craft and became obsessed with it.

Learning from books, masterminds, podcasts, youtube..and anything else I could get my hands on.

I dedicated tons of hours to studying the craft of sales, then applying that craft to big ticket sales.

That led me to making great money early on in my life.

That great money helped me leverage my third point...

3. Invest in alternatives

Alternative investments are things outside the stock market. Businesses or real estate will take up most of the space in this category.

Aside from politicians and other insider traders, most people who invest in the stock market are best off in index funds. Index funds will always have average returns over the long run.

That's the best option if you want an average life.

But I wanted to FIRE early so I went unconventional.

I invested a ton of my money into real estate. All types at first, then honing in on the most effective strategy for the lifestyle I wanted which was passive positions in commercial deals.

I've put millions into these types of deals with good success and that's given me a work-optional lifestyle now.

That's really what it was for me. It's simple, but not easy. But overall I wanted the life I created more than I wanted anything else, so it was easy to stick to the journey because I knew what my end goal was.

Wherever you're at in your journey, I hope this post will help you move the needle forward.

Feel free to drop some questions if you have them and I'll answer as I can.

I would like to hear some perspective from those who FIRE'd with younger kids in the house. How old were your kids when you FIRE'd? What were the ups and downs? Would you do anything differently, with regard to the kids' ages, needs, spending, or time together?

Personally I can FIRE in probably 5 years or so at age 45 with projected 4M (not including 1.3M house that is paid off). HCOL area, 100k/yr. expenses. In 5 years my kids will be 7 and 9 years old. Alternatively, in 10 years, l probably chubby fire with 6M+. 15 years... is a long time but that could mean chubbier/fat FIRE while seeing the kids off to college and independence. 529 plans covering 100% of college tuition are already fully funded.

I wonder if FIREing with 4M with 2 kids at ages 7 and 9 might be risky or in some ways require us to be too frugal for HCOL area. Would it be better to FIRE when they're older? Or potentially wait until when they're off to college? The idea of working another 15 years isn't very appealing right now, though one possibility is to coast with part-year contract work.

Perspectives/experience welcome.

Growing up, I had simply assumed that no matter what I did in my career that I would work until I was 60ish and then retire and was completely happy with that. That said, I had always saved and invested as much as I could in both retirement and personal accounts. I literally stumbled on the FIRE movement when a friend mentioned it in passing about 3 years ago. Since then, I’ve dived in and realized how possible it might be for me to retire early, and now I find myself “waiting for that” rather than the mindset I had earlier, which was much more healthy from the perspective of going to work every day, being plugged in, etc.

TL;DR Now that my brain knows I “could” pull the plug sooner (7-10ish years), my thoughts have unintentionally shifted towards “hanging in there” rather than actually enjoying work like I used to, and I hate feeling this way.

Anyone else deal with this and have any advice?

I’m looking to rethink my future investment strategy next year and would greatly appreciate your POVs. After taxes ($170k) and expenses ($100k) my wife and I will have about $175k to invest in 2025. We plan to max out our 401ks which leaves us with ~$130k to invest across Rollover IRA, After Tax In-Plan Roth Conversion, Taxable Individual Brokerage accounts, and 529a for new baby.

NET/NET my questions are: For the remaining $130k, which account types should I prioritize first for the best tax efficiency and optimial long-term gains (30+ years)? Furthermore, what % of the $130k would you put in each account? And which low cost ETFs or index funds would you put in different accounts?

** Assumptions: **

• Currently we are in the 34%-35% tax bracket, $359k in salary, $69k in bonuses, $78k in RSUs
• We plan to max out both traditional 401ks of $46k in 2024, and get an additional $16,500 in employee match, which is what leaves us with the ~$130k after to invest elsewhere
• No HSA offered, plan to max out FSA
• Both of our companies offer an after tax in-plan Roth conversion, I think limit on it is $69k/yr?
• We’re not qualified for a Roth IRA because of income level but we could do the $14k in Rollover IRA (unless I should prioritize other accounts? Need help on that) should we prioritize this over in-plan Roth?
• We have 1 baby and want to open a 529a in Virginia (I believe they have tax deductions?), up to $36k limit I think, or “superfund” in the first year up to $90k. Plan to have a 2nd one in 2 years
• We rent and don’t own so we don’t qualify for too many tax deductions sadly, currently living in a HCOL city
• We are in our early 30s and are open to high growth with a decent risk tolerance
• We’d ideally like to retire early (maybe mid 50s if that’s possible? Lmk your thoughts based on where we currently are)
• Current state tax is 5.75%, unsure which state we will retire in and I never know which tax bracket to assume I’ll be in, lmk if you have thoughts on which I should do for assumption purposes
• No debt, car paid off, 825 credit score

** We currently have a net worth of ~$1.9M: **

• $900k in taxable brokerage account, includes RSUs and ESPPs. In a few years this is likely where I’ll take out the $ for a house down payment, thinking we’ll need $300k-$400k?
• $560k in total retirement (30%) - broken down $412k in trad 401ks, $125k in rollover Ira’s and $22k in after tax in-plan Roth conversion. Target funds in traditional, and the other accounts in mostly s&p low cost index
• $53k in crypto (3%)
• $378k in cash (20%) most in a high yield savings (ugh I need to move some of this into an etf, it’s just wasting away)

Lets say you live in USA, you have 10 million cash with no debt but no assets. Could you retire at 30 with this amount of money? How much could you use every year to live off of. How would you invest the money to make it last as long as possible

Hi all, I wanted to introduce myself as I am new to all of this. I am 24 years old, make 50k/year. My partner makes around 40k/year.

We bought a 235k house in April of this year, and our current mortgage balance is 227k. The mortgage payment is $1800 but we are paying $2000 to try and help lower the principal.

I had around $16,500 in student loan debt but have paid it most of it off. I currently owe $2,500 but it is accuring no interest.

I opened a Marcus HYSA and put $5k in it as an emergency fund.

I also have a Rollover IRA from my previous job with $1469 in it. And stocks from that company that are valued at $3927

I also have some cryptocurrencies valued at $1800 at the moment.

I am not a financilly literate person but I am trying to learn and do better for my future than my parents did. If you have any suggestions, advice, anything that can help me be financially free in the future please drop it below.

Hi All. FIRE noob here. Why is net worth an important metric in terms of FIRE? It seems to me the important figures would be money you can readily access (ex. stock, savings, passive income, etc.). I realize a lot of folks reference the value of their homes when discussing net worth, but for most, wouldn’t that be a worst case scenario like if you had to sell your home for funds?

My wife and I have a home that’s worth ~$2.8M but would never count that in our FIRE numbers because to access it we’d have to make a major life change (i.e., sell the home).

What makes people feel like saying they're living at home is a good thing?

Seems odd to me that people around here are so comfortable cohabitating with their parents.

Hi all! [27M] My longtime dream has been to retire as early as possible and I'm so happy I found this community. I'm still working and not in any rush to make a decision right now, but I have some questions for you all about real estate.

When I got my first career-type job out of college, I purchased an apartment/condo, about 25 miles from work in a cheaper city. My original plan was to sell it when I am able to purchase a forever home, but I've heard that I should just rent it out instead. (I have ethical issues about this, but I just want to hear about it from a financial standpoint.) My total cost of housing (mortgage + HOA + taxes + insurance + bills) is about 33% of my total pay, or well over half my take-home pay. So, it's pretty significant. If I simply rent in my area, I could save quite a bit more money, maybe cutting it down to 20%, or even less with roommates.

The way I see it, there are 3 main routes I could take in my longer-term future:

1. Sell my condo, invest my proceeds and go back to renting. I probably wouldn't do this, but wanted to hear other perspectives, in case I'm missed something huge.
2. When I have enough down payment, buy something bigger or in a nicer area, and either sell or keep my condo to rent out.
3. Just stay where I am and continue my mortgage payments. It's a 2-bed, so I have a bit of room to expand, but it's in a bit of a boring town.

What are your thoughts of this? What kinds of real-estate decisions have you all made that helped your early retirement?

I've always seen on this sub to check how much you will get from social security when considering your FIRE number. I never thought much of it since I was planning on doing leanfire the first chance I get. With that in mind I knew I would barely qualify for the minimum needed credits so I always figured that my social security would be basically nothing.

However this weekend I was bored and curious so I went to the social security website and found out that with the minimum credits needed and no working after that I would get $1,000 a month if I withdraw the earliest date and $2,000 a month if I withdraw the latest date.

This is huge for me since 2k a month is my leanfire number (with a paid off house). I know inflation will affect things as well but this has been a really exciting thing to plug into my calculations.

moral of the story, check your social security numbers even if you plan very early FIRE

Edit: for deeper clarification, I made an account on ssa.gov and imported the data to https://ssa.tools/, that this sub recommends, to have more flexibility in estimations for an early retirement

Greetings all,

I came across FIRE when I was about 20 in 2017. I remember working my retail job when a coworker in his late 30's challenged what I was doing with my $ since I was living at home. His response to me having it all in savings was investing. A deep dive and countless amounts charts, calculators, reading stories here, lead me to full maxing my 401k the next week as well as employee stock contribution, and never looking back.

First of all thank you, to everyone who contributes here, gives feedback, and criticism! I always thought of Reddit as sh*tpostville but it's nice to see some real world non promoted advice from time to time. Like many stories similar to mine, I had a fair share of good luck along the way. I wanted to make an acc and hop on here and share progress, timeline, and hopefully get some advice!

Asset breakdown:

• Roth 401k: 206k
• Taxable Brokerage: 125k
• Roth Ira: 32k
• Traditional IRA: $8600 (had to do this one year)
• Duplex Home Equity: 170k
• Bitcoin: 105k (36k vested)
• Cash: 55k (need to keep cash on-hand for the moment to run self employment payroll for the year soon)

Stock picks: Had 5-6 picks that lost 90%, and as well as a biotech that's a long game and so far a long loss, all those combined about 20k losses (I don't recommend picking stock!). Hit "big" on an oil stock that went from 73 cents to currently $15.50. Over half of my brokerage is Best Buy Stock. It's done well this year and 4% yield. But honestly I need someone to tell me to sell it (afraid I'm emotionally holding)

Story continued: I didn't go to college (switched states going into high school, then moved back my senior year which really threw me for a loop). Honestly, had no idea what I wanted to do with myself and picked up a summer job at Best Buy. Fell in love with working as many hours as I could and from there started saving $. My w2's started at about 40k and by the time I left after 7 years were about 80k, nothing crazy. The last 6 years effectively most my paycheck was deducted into 401k and ESP. Living at home until 24 definitely wasn't the most glorious thing but I truly believe it was the #1 contributor to saving (for any youngster reading this living at home)

Where I really had a breakthrough was around 2020. I purchased a home in 2020 (with a 3.5% down payment) right before everything went crazy (climate wise and housing wise). I was able to sell that home for 100k profit and bought my realtors brothers home for the same price I had bought the 1st home at. This allowed me flexibility and more importantly/bought time to allow me to keep investing. Late 2020 a neighbor of one of my best friends had left his finance job to do full time sports betting. I'm not a gambler (definitely contradicts FIRE lol) but anyone who leaves their job is gonna get my attention. Won't go on and on about the details but for myself, what started small turned into a lucrative side hustle that has lead to about 100k a year the last 4-5 years. I sold the 2nd home I had moved to for a break even (after a much better offer fell through smh) and purchased a Duplex as another investment tool.

This side hustle was requiring more and more time (especially since most sporting events are at night) and I decided to leave my Best Buy job earlier this year. It was tough as I felt it had given me everything (though like most jobs, it wasn't the same at the end). I currently have an S Corp that I run all income through and consider myself self employed I suppose (still don't like the vague sound of it lol). It's important to point out it's also tough no longer having provided benefits nor a "guaranteed" income. Curious if anyone else has gone through the same.

While working effectively 7 days a week for 12 hours (9-5 and then watching betting lines until midnight and all day on the weekends) was draining, I do feel like I'm leaving $ on the table no longer having a day job. After only knowing a set schedule all my life, it's been bittersweet so far. My gf (26) just moved in with me, she worked her way up the ranks from a entry pay to hotel gm pay of about currently 80k. I recently learned she has no debt but was slightly surprised she also has very little invested. I plan to challenge her to budget more than 3% for investing next year now she is no longer paying high rent. Her travel perks and having the freedom to do so have been amazing. Just this year have been to Spain, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and doing Hawaii and Australia in the coming months, all for $50-80 a night rooms at resorts. It's made me feel less guilty about taking vacations!

Where I would appreciate advice-this next year I'm trying to focus more on living situation. I live in the cold midwest and am hoping the gf gets a hotel offer anywhere else. She had her own goal before we met to live in another state (she never has, I've lived in 5). I thought years ago with my side $ I would be buying a new property every couple years but honestly, I don't think real estate is the move for me as I can't repair anything lol and the constant fear of something going wrong with this 100 year old duplex has cost me sleep. Has anyone sized "down" and gone from single family to condo and liked it, regretted it. Or is moving to a LCOL area much more satisfying? Thank you all and let me know of any questions!

Lately, I have been taking inventory of my life and I wish I knew about r/Fire while in high school. I think the majority of my youth I wasted my time avoiding the future aka Peter Pan Syndrome. However, when I discovered FIRE at 25, I had a literal fire lit under me and had to face my future planning head on. My point is that FIRE really gave me the tools and resources to face the future with confidence. Instead of fearing the future and retirement, I can now confidently allocate my income to different areas of my life and truly live a life of financial confidence. In the last seven years, I went back to school, tripled my income, and reached 35% of my FI number. I do not intend to retire early, but I love the peace of mind of having a robust nest egg. Thank you to this community.

I have my ROTH IRA. I just started at 37. Im using vanguard. I bought some shares of VOO. Should I keep buying that or add others?? What would be best to maximize Roth growth