Hello. Maayong aga sa mga ilonggo/hiligaynon diri at sa mga kapawa kong language enthusiasts and history lovers. I just want to ask for those who have the knowledge or resources about the precolonial or traditional writing system of Hiligaynon/Ilonggo. Do we have one?

I know Baybayin is the most accepted traditional writing system for Filipino languages especially Tagalog, but I just think that Hiligaynon has its own writing system just like the Suwat Bisaya of Bisaya.

I don't know. This is just a thought of mine since I am trying to search online for all things related to Hiligaynon/Ilonggo history, especially Negros Island history. Yet, most of the resources I see online just display data that are influenced by the colonization of the Philippines.

Please, if you do know something about this, please do comment and cite your resources. I want to read and learn more about my beloved language and land! Thank you very much in advance.

Saan ko siya pwede magamit?

Does anyone have a copy? Or know where I could get one?

Do you guys know any websites or resources where I could find old maps showing Caloocan, specifically south? or includes Caloocan (since it was part of Rizal). Thanks in advanced.

For me, it would be:

1. Manila Hotel: A Pre War Gem, and also a witnessed to the Battle of Manila which saw many deaths and destruction.

2. Luneta Hotel: A Pre War Gem and of French style architecture. Like Manila Hotel....It's also a survivor of the Battle of Manila.

3. Miramar Hotel: One of the antique hotels located in Manila City, built in the late 1930s, before the onset of World War II. Also a witness to the Battle and saw many deaths and destruction.

4. Casa Vallejo from Baguio, is one of the ancestral houses in the Philippines that was converted into a hotel. This building was established in 1909 and is often referred to as the oldest hotel in the city. Casa Vallejo first served as a dormitory for construction workers working under the Americans. In 1923, it was transformed into a hotel by Salvador Vallejo.

5. Hotel Luna from Vigan : In 1882, Don Jose Florentino built a 2-story building as a wedding gift to his doctor. Today, this wedding gift is now a famous heritage hotel Philippines at the heart of Vigan

6. Peredo’s Housing Lodge: one of the most notable old Philippine houses found in Baguio City. Located at 5 C.M. Recto Street, Peredon’s Housing Lodge was built in 1915 by Roque and Rita Peredo. This 100-year-old home has survived catastrophes such as the bombing of Baguio by American forces and the devastating 1990 Baguio Earthquake.

7. Bayview Hotel- A witness to many atrocities during the war. But also a Pre War Gem along Dewey Boulevard.

I was wondering if the Filipinos during the late period of Spanish colonization would know of the Mexican Revolution and Simon Bolivar. Would Bonifacio plan his revolution differently if he have access to such information?

I found this image while looking up for Filipino Fashion around the time of the Bristish Occupation of Manila so around like the 1760s. And i found this. I was wondering of any of you can verify if this is from the Philippines. And if it is could you guys send me similar images of these or descriptions about it?

I'm planning to do a series of artwork regarding the clothing of Filipinos prior to the 19th century.

As I continue my research in the topic of the history of policing and law enforcement agencies, I'd like to share a passage from Frederic H. Sawyer's book, "Inhabitants of the Philippines", where he shares a notable engagement where three of the most prominent "police agencies" of the Philippines at that time took part in.

"The assailants numbered twenty-eight men, and were variously armed with lances, bolos and daggers. Only the leader bore a revolver. A guard was left on the canoes, four of the gang were stationed at the door of Mr. Brown’s house, and others at strategic points, whilst the main body attacked the Tribunal close by which was also the estanco where there was some Government money, postage stamps and stamped paper. At all Tribunales there are a couple of cuadrilleros, or village constables on guard, armed usually with lance and bolo. These men did their duty and manfully resisted the pirates. In the combat which ensued, the sergeant of the Cuadrilleros was killed and some on both sides were wounded, but the pirates got the best of the fight, and plundered the estanco.

In the meantime, Olsen, having heard the uproar, may have thought that the crew of the Tartar were again making a disturbance. At all events he left the house unarmed and unsuspicious, thus walking into the trap laid for him. The Tagals have a great respect for fire-arms, more especially for the revolvers and repeating rifles of the foreigner, thus they did not venture to enter the house, but the moment Olsen stepped out into the darkness and before he could see round about him, he was attacked by two men on each side, who plunged their daggers into his body, piercing his lungs. Bleeding profusely and vomiting blood he rushed back into the house towards his bedroom to get his revolver which was under the bed. His assailants, however, followed him into the room and butchered him before he could grasp it. At least the revolver was afterwards found in its case with the perfect impress of his blood-stained hand upon the oaken lid. A native boy named Pablo, about eight years old, was in the house at the time, and in his terror squeezed himself into a narrow space behind the door and escaped discovery, although he was an eye-witness of the crime.

By this time the alarm had spread all over the little village, and the noise was heard on board the Tartar. The two Carabineros, taking their Remingtons and cartridge boxes, had themselves paddled on shore, and marching up the stairs which led to the rocky eminence on which the village stands, bravely advanced against the pirates although out-numbered by more than ten to one. They fired their rifles, but the gang rushed upon them and in a moment they were cut down, and according to Tagal custom, their bellies were ripped open. The pirates having now overcome all opposition and having plundered the estanco, and the inevitable Chinaman’s shop, transferred their attention to Mr. Brown’s house, which they ransacked, taking the contents of the safe, a collection of gold and silver coins, seven Martini-Henry rifles with ammunition, and two revolvers, as well as any other things they deemed of value. They burst open the desks, drawers, and wardrobes, cutting and hacking the furniture with their bolos in wanton mischief. Then embarking their spoil, they sailed away with the land breeze.

Information had been sent off to the nearest post of the Guardia Civil, and on its receipt, an officer with a force of that corps instantly set off and captured one party of the pirates red-handed as they beached their canoe. Within a week twenty-six had been captured and one shot dead whilst escaping. There only remained the leader. He, as it was afterwards discovered, was concealed in a secluded wood a few miles from Sariaya, and one night he was speared by the Captain of Cuadrilleros of that town, who is said to have had valid reasons for getting him out of the way.

This band of pirates were a mixed lot; some of them were principales or members of the town council of Sariaya, a picturesque little place on the southern slope of Mount Banajao, and some from San Juan de Boc-boc; others were ordinary inhabitants, a few were outlaws from the San Juan mountains, and four or five were fishermen whom the gang had met on their passage by sea and had invited to accompany them. This custom of Convites is explained in Chapter XXV. Of course the fishermen, when interrogated, declared they had been pressed into the service, but in fact very few natives have the moral courage to decline so pleasing an entertainment, as it appeals to a feeling deeply seated in their hearts, the love of rapine, only to be restrained by the heavy hand of a military police “who do not hesitate to shoot.” The provincial doctor arrived next morning with the judge who was to take the depositions of the villagers and draw up the sumario. Olsen was dead, the sergeant of Cuadrilleros also and one of the Carabineros, but strange to say, in spite of a dozen ghastly wounds, the other one was still alive, though his bowels were protruding, having fallen out through the gash which it is the Tagal custom to finish off with."

(Also of note, to those interested, Frederic Sawyer's book confirms that even into the late 19th century (Mr. Sawyer was in the Philippines from 1877-1891), the cuadrilleros still made use of muskets, alongside the venerable Remington, depending on the situation.

"For the maintenance of order, and for protecting the town against attack, there is a body of local police called Cuadrilleros. These are armed with bolos and lances in the smaller and poorer towns, but in more important places they have fire-arms usually of obsolete pattern. But in towns exposed to Moro attack the cuadrilleros are more numerous, and carry Remington rifles."

"In Pampanga and Bataan, they are occasionally guilty of cattle stealing, and even of murdering Christians, if a favourable opportunity presents itself. In such a case an expedition of the Cuadrilleros of the neighbouring towns is sent against them."

If they can be found, their bows and arrows are no match for the muskets of the Cuadrilleros, and some of them are sure to be killed. After a time peace is restored.)

We're often taught both in school and in media that the Spanish colonizers, friars, etc. were engaged in a lot of rape and sexual abuse, assault, harassment or just violence, in general, against the natives, especially women though of course some men, boys etc were probably victimized. Then it gets even worse with the Japanese in WW2, as we can see as depicted in shows like Pulang Araw.

But we seem to be taught very little about what American colonizers did to Filipinos in terms of rape or sexual abuses in general. Again this would be mostly by American soldiers targeted against women, but anyone could be a victim. Was there ever an attempt, either by the Americans themselves or pro-American Filipinos, to suppress any such records later, or did they just conveniently all not survive or were lost, destroyed in WW2, or simply forgotten because the Japanese were much worse, etc.?

Pwede pala after the war too, anytime during when the Americans were ruling the PH.

Pre-Colonial Tagalog Nobleman Early 15th Century Philippines.

I read a bit about Jean-Paul Potet's book regarding Filipino fashion and it opened my eyes on the major differences Tagalog Men wore compared to the usual depiction of Precolonial Fashion that mostly borrows from Visayan depictions.

Particularly how Tagalog often wore their hair short and sometimes still utilize the Bahag. And used feather plumes as ornaments to their putongs. Hence, I decided to draw how I imagined them in my bead based on the description.

Just so you know I'm still learning how to incorporate backgrounds so if the background seems a bit off-puting I'm still learning the basics.

Is there a book where i can read all the important events in Philippine history. From pre-colonial to present.

What really happened during japanese era in PH

is it all bad? mas ok ba na nasakop na lang tayo ng mga hapon?

please enlighten

I'm quite curious if there are any writings from the precolonial/early colonial era specifically describing or mentioning the Milky Way. I can imaggine it would've been visible back then during the nighttime since there was no light pollution.

I watched Lapu-Lapu they showed the punishment of a rapist where he gets tied and killed. Was that a common crime and punishment?

hi, hihi! im a freshie, and we have an upcoming debate as our finals exam in readings in philippine history (rph). our topic assigned to us was cavity mutiny. now, i really have no idea if wut particular angle of the topic is going to be argued, leaving me on read, and i couldn't choose a stand (of course) so, i badly needed your suggestions and possible arguments.

this is my first time posting here as i dont have any other to consult from hihi and im currently doing my part, reading.

thank u so much po for reaching this far. every single idea is highly appreciated.

(feel free to include some articles, sources, and even journals as i know it would be a huge help for my activity)

merciiii 🥺😘

There were three Carlist Wars in Spain, where conservatives challenged Isabela II's legitimacy and generally opposed liberal movements & reforms. Did the Philippines have any significant Carlist sympathizers at all? I'm guessing they would have appealed to the more conservative Iberian elites in the colony, if there were any.

Also, it's been a while since I've skimmed through El Fili, but I think there was one time "Carlism" was mentioned. Can't remember the context (and it seemed like nothing more than a passing line), but that was actually what got me curious about this in the first place.

Thank you very much!

I wonder why. There is a lot of documents that you couldn't see any 'ng' and 't' maayos naman pero bakit parang naging barok yung mga spanish terms dito?

What is the context behind this question? Is it historical or cultural or some other things?

I'm trying to do research on the 1570 Battle of Manila, specifically focusing on key figures such as Rajah Sulayman, Raja Matanda, and Lakandula. Are there any books that explore their lives, what they did during the battle, etc.?

Thanks in advance!

What are some notable information on any intertwined relationship between Butuanon and Agusan Lumads (Manobos)?

Like the title suggest were their evidence and document's about their existence?

Aside from the underground cemetery in Nagcarlan, what are some oldest churches that have cemetery?

Why hasn't the Philippines taken up arms, or capitalized on the opportunity of a destabilized Spain during the Napoleonic Wars unlike the other Spanish colonies of Latin America? Wasn't the independence movement as significant as it was in the 1890s? I'm curious because I don't seem to find any source materials during this time period.