I know that Neutron Stars are formed from collapse of massive stars and their protons and electrons collide forming neutrons and they emit neutrinos.

I was wondering, if you came into contact with a piece of neutron star, from it’s intense gravity and radiation, would it basically turn you into neutrons as well and emit neutrinos too?

https://www.sciencefocus.com/space/could-you-walk-on-a-neutron-star#:\~:text=You%20would%20become%20a%20puff,neutrons%20and%20ultra%2Drelativistic%20electrons.

So I have a character idea for someone in a setting where everyone has unique superpowers but this character only has super strength. They are limited to producing a level of strength allowing them to lift, punch, and jump with about 400 tons if that makes any sense. I would also be appreciative if anyone could help me quantify they're upper limits of strength in a way that makes sense. But, here are my questions: what could this character do with their strength alone? What could they lift, manipulate, contort, etc.? And what other abilities could this character use? Would this character need support structures or equipment outside of their natural self to support their level of strength? And how fast would this character be able to run? What would happen if he punched a standard human at full force?

I trying to make something for a story of mine

In 2021’s “Godzilla vs Kong”, there is a scene in which Godzilla uses his atomic breath to blast a hole through the Earth’s surface that eventually breaches into this universe’s interpretation of the Hollow Earth. Godzilla does this to fight Kong. I wanna know how strong this attack is.

Assuming the Hollow Earth begins at the Earth’s outer core, Godzilla’s atomic breath burned through the Earth’s crust and mantle. In terms of the movie’s runtime, this action took place in 3 minutes from when the beam hit the ground and when it exits next to Kong in the HE. There’s about 1,795 miles of solid and molten rock between him and the Hollow Earth (assuming the Monsterverse’s Earth actually has a mantle).

I guess I’m looking for energy output here? I’m not a math or science nerd so I’m not sure what figures or equations I’d need to use.

TL;DR, Godzilla blasted a hole through 1,795 miles of crust and mantle to breach the Earth’s outer core. He did this in 3 minutes. How much energy did that blast produce?

Some other factors if they’re helpful: Godzilla is 393 feet tall, weighs 99,634 US tons, and his atomic breath is nuclear powered (they never really explain why his body lets him breath atomic fire, he just can). Also, several other monsters have tanked this attack and lived, including Kong himself. One source also states that Godzilla’s atomic breath reaches a temperature of about 36,000 degrees Fahrenheit, but I don’t know how credible or accurate that is.

In this universe, “magic” is obtained through consumption of iron. Let me explain.

Iron is the most stable element on the periodic table. In this alternate reality, the universe has “limits” on both the stability and instability of anything. Basically iron is too stable and breaks the rules of the universe. So the universe slightly altered Iron-56, it added “Havoc” to the binding energy between the nucleons. This adds just the perfect amount of instability to Iron-56 allowing it to exist in the universe (think of havoc kinda like sauce is to pasta). Once havoc has been applied, the effects are permanent, even if the havoc is removed.

Some people have the ability draw the havoc out of iron after consuming it (can be literally eating iron but usually iron-dense foods) and use certain abilities depending on different factors.

Now the problem comes here:

I want to come up with a sort of anti-havoc, the exact opposite of havoc. It will be called Stability or something, which will basically negate the effects of Havoc. Stability is a sort of negative energy that the universe has applied to an element that is so unstable, it would not be able to exist otherwise.

So naturally this (google search for the least stable, naturally occurring element) led me to Francium. If you know anything about francium, then you see my issue LOL. It’s so unstable it’s half-life is abysmal. It’s egregiously rare. And it’s reactive asf. It would basically never see use by characters.

I can’t use an element that’s slightly less stable than Francium (i think) because that would mean that Francium is breaking the universe’s rules.

Maybe my only option is to make a new element?

Or maybe have multiple elements that are too unstable to exist, thus having multiple elements have Stability in them to draw upon? so I could use a more stable element too?

it’s hurting my brain

If you took the time to read this, thank you!!

The earth is constantly moving through space at about 67000 mph so if that stopped and you didn't you would still be moving at an insanely high speed right?

Babylon 5, Battlestar Galactica, The Expanse and now For All Mankind were revolutionary in representing realistic spaceship physics in terms of momentum and not treating spacecraft like fighter planes. But the area of spaceship design I'd like to see given more realism is the sensors. In Star Trek they tap a few buttons and an HD image of the ship appears on the display screen from millions of kilometers away, they can even analyse the DNA of people on board somehow. They never really explain where the sensors are on the ship, how they work or what their capabilities are.

Let's say a ship appears from behind the moon. It's probably a Chinese cargo ship returning from bringing supplies to their base. But covert ops heard rumours of a Chinese warship being built in secret. NASA turns its telescopes to inspect the ship and look for clues as to if it's armed or not. How good a picture can you see from a quarter of a million miles away?

In cosmic terms Earth and the Moon are pretty close. We can see moons around gas giants with civilian telescopes or stars in other galaxies with really big space telescopes. But Hubble is looking at stars that are a lot bigger than a Chinese spaceship and 250,000 miles is still a very very long way away. Google says that Hubble can't see the Apollo landing sites because at that distance the 4 meter wide Lunar Descent Stage would be a single pixel. Some of that may be down to design issues, Hubble wasn't meant to be able to see things so dark or so close. But does that mean a ship would need a telescope much larger than Hubble to be able to see ships approaching from the moon?

What about larger distances? Like in The Expanse if there's a ship / fleet leaving Mars heading to Earth. Can you see anything more than a blob at those distances?

I feel like ships would need giant telescopes bigger than JWST to see things that far away. Then those giant telescopes would be a major weakspot in combat, perhaps they fold away under protective doors before getting into a fight. Or you could get a surprise hit with a laser and ruin their long range sensors before your main fleet comes out from behind the moon.

My book takes place on Earth but in a different timeline so all continents are shuffled and in different places than real life. The rocks that killed the dinosaurs have a new element in them that is a specific type of radiation which any living thing that comes in contact with will transform it. Mutate, in a way that makes animals more like mythological creatures and people will have magic power that isn't like "presto i have a rabbit in my hat" but rather "i willed my breath into fire".

I know, it's kinda outside our knowledge. I'm more so talking about keeping it LIVING.

So let me preface this with im stupid and dont understand much in the way of chemistry and that’s about it

Syphon magic is a physics based, energy conversion, hard, magic system, where users called 'Syphons' can absorb one of four forms of energy from around them (kinetic, thermal, sonic, or radiant), and temporarily store it inside of their bodies as "pure energy" that overclocks their biology giving them superhuman reaction, speed, and strength at the cost of accelerating their aging, consuming calories, causing muscles to cramp, and more, thus they must release this stored energy back into the world where it is released in a different form than it was absorbed in, allowing them to convert one form of energy into another such as turning heat into light or sound into movement.

In the far far future these Syphons are able to cybernetically enhance their bodies, allowing them to surpass their fleshy forms. The issue is what these cybernetic enhancements would be and how they would work? I have a few ideas already however I need help building further upon it.

Basic implants

• Energy capacitors: Certain materials hold 'pure energy' better than others, by implanting these materials deep in the body or underneath the skin as armor you can increase the total amount of energy a cybersyphon can hold.
• Optic implants: Allows the cybersyphon to see various forms of energy depending on what is installed out such as thermal vision, vibrations, or ultraviolet/infrared. While Syphons naturally have enhanced energy senses some do not and this can either cover or enhance this natural ability.
• Wire: a long wire is implanted into the arm, the wire is used to make contact with other objects in order to absorb their energy or release energy through (as syphons need physical contact with their energy type in order to absorb it. ex. a kinetic input cannot absorb a moving truck by looking at it, they must touch it, the wire allows them to "touch" the truck from a range)

Kinetic

• Kinetic input: The ability to absorb the energy from things in motion.
  • ​
• Kinetic output: The ability to give objects motion.
  • Bead dispenser: Small, durable, beads are stored somewhere in the body ready to be dispensed. These small beads can be accelerated using kinetic output to reach lethal speeds.

Thermal

• Thermal input: The ability to take thermal energy from objects.
  • ​
• Thermal output: The ability to give objects thermal energy.
  • Flamethrower arm: Flammable gas is implanted in the arm and a nozzle is able to pop out. Upon heating up the tank the gas ignites and rushes out of the nozzle.

Sonic

• Sonic input: The ability to absorb vibrations of any form, typically in the air.
  • Hearing implants: Allows the cybersyphon to hear and sense more vibrations past the human level, adding upon their natural energy sense of being able to hear above and below the hearing range.
• Sonic output: The ability to generate vibrations.
  • Audio mixer: Implants on the arm control the exact dB and waveforms released by the cybersyphon.

Radiant

• Radiant input: The ability to absorb electromagnetic waves.
  • ​
• Radiant output: The ability to create electromagnetic waves.
  • Lens arm: multiple lenses are implanted inside of the arm, by outputting light at the base of the arm and through the lenses, allows the user to focus the light to a point.
  • Refractor implants: Prisms are implanted at a given area in the body, by outputting light into these prisms the prism will refract the light into multiple directions.

I'm looking for a name for a future chemical compound, but I don't know the 'rules' for naming that sort of thing. So, it IS fictional, but I'd like it to feel plausible. (E.g. you can't name it borgozine, because it's a gas and anything with the ending -zine has to be a liquid at room temperature or whatnot).

The substance is a disinfecting gas used to purge the interiors of space craft. So basically, anti-microbial but not super toxic to vertebrates, and breaks down into inert stuff. Anyone help with a decent naming convention (e.g. tri+[insert any name]+othon?)

TIA

So in a Sci-fi world I've been fleshing out for awhile, one of the main races is a species of spaceborne entity. And I'm trying to fill in gaps in their biology.

What I have currently Is that they feed on hydrogen from asteroids, gas giants and dim stars. The hydrogen is expelled as a means of propulsion. They also have large solar sail fins they can extend as an alternate means of propulsion, as well as for temperature regulation. They can also photosynthesize through the fins as well. They can eat meat but it's not a natural food source. (There's bitterness between humans and them because during a war they would devour trapped humans in damaged ships).

I don't want the photosynthesizing to be their only nutrient source as I think even plants need to absorb additional nutrients through their roots, but I'm not sure what that nutrient source could be. I was thinking carbon as a possible explanation of why they could be opportunistic carnivores, but I'm not sure if that would be something they could realistically extract from things like asteroids in space.

Basically what would a species of intelligent space whales realistically eat? Can anyone help me flesh these guys out? Unfortunately I can't really go the mysterious route because they are a member species of a big galactic alliance.

In our world the bronze age was ended by Iron. The first big steps was the extension and refinements of swords but what if Iron was rare. What if Iron and subsequently steel could not be commonly used? How far would it se us back what would we need to fill the gap?

How would you adjust human teeth to make them work better. Personally I would make it so the humans could grow calcium in their mouth that will fill holes to create new teeth. I'd keep the teeth type Front scrappers, mid field tearing teeth, and heavy crunching teath in the back. How would you change the teeth.

If humanity managed to create a Dyson sphere around a near star like Alpha Centauri, What kind of evolutions do you think would occur after a 1000 years.

I’ve been watching Pantheon on Amazon prime and am intrigued by the potential of ‘uploaded intelligences’ being essentially superhuman. But why the show does a great job portraying their potential, I’m having a hard time nailing down their exact powers and weaknesses.

What capabilities aside from things like overclocking would consider ‘superpowers’ about a persons mind uploaded to the cloud? What would be some of their limitations? Please let me know your thoughts.

Hello! I made a reddit just to ask this question. I'm writing a story that takes place around three trillion years after the death of humanity. Due to pollution thinning out the O-Zone Layer, the Earth grew hotter and hotter due to less protection from the sun. Eventually, it grew too hot and all water and humanity itself boiled.

Eventually, the Earth would recover to host life again but I want to know about any serious changes that would come to the Earth. Like biome changes and such. For example, I have ideas of all deserts in the world turning into glass, the artic is highly protected as most of it did not survive, etc.

Any help would be appreciated! Thank you for your time :).

I am asking because I am making a magical race that has 4-3 organs in their body. the stomach the mana core and the fusion between the heart and the lungs. when they eat they instinctively use their mana cores to break down what they eat to the most basic components, neutrons protons, and electrons that they reconstruct into what the body needs and wants at the stomach. the fusion organ does what normal hearts and lungs do along with if they get waste material in their bodies they can breathe it out.

I am writing a sci-fi comic that has weapons based on actual science rather than magic and I have a character that represents death. He goes out like a bounty hunter to kill people across the universe. I need a scythe weapon for him that kills anything that it touches. I thought about something that takes all the electrons out of your body but it turns out you become a nuke if that happens so I am searching for a new idea. The effect I am looking for is to instantly shut down a person as if their soul got taken away.

Currently, one of the worlds I am working on is a habitable moon orbiting a gas giant. However, I am wondering how bad the radiation would be on such a moon.

A planet's magnetic field would trap solar radiation around it as seen with the Van Allen Belts around Earth. Thus, I was wondering if there was any way to predict how large such a radiation zone would be and much radiation a moon would be exposed to.

Hi, I’m new…I’ve been trying for a second to make alien animals cuz why not, so I tried to make the tree but because I’m picky and like my “science projects” more scientifically accurate, I found myself going back to make a whole planet, solar system, the whole shabang! Goal is 23% land coverage with one or two big continents and many small islands. In about mid-northern hemisphere. The big triangular shape in pic one was supposed to be the big ridge. I’m stuck on the tectonic plates step and I’m about to rip a dreadlock out or two! How in the heavens do the dirt do the do?!? I’ve watched Artifexian, WorldBuilding Corner, Biblaridion and many, MANY videos about how plate tectonics move and should be made but I feel dumb!!! I’m including attempts 1 and two cuz I’m stumped and really really really don’t want to have to try to convince a family member to let me use their computer for gplates just to then script out the drifts. So how did y’all do your continental drifts by hand if at all? Just cuz I like the environment changing influencing evolution like in real life. I also went the route of using a country and cutting up but like??! Am I just dumb cuz I’m driving myself nuts and I won’t be able to sleep properly apparently until I can get over this to do climate and weather just to make my damn animals!!! Please help!!

Each consciousness I guess makes up a part of your soul. In this universe there are three realms that exist, all taking up the same space. The conscious realm, subconscious realm, and unconscious realm. When you enter each realm, the corresponding consciousness becomes the main pilot behind your body, if that makes sense. We all live in the conscious realm so our main consciousness is our "pilot". If you were to go into the subconscious then your subconscious would take over. If you go into the unconsious realm, then the unconscious mind takes over. I have a plot point where somebody goes into one of the other two realms and cuts off another person's subconscious or unconscious (haven't decided) from the other two, esssentially separating it from the rest of the soul. maybe even killing it, not sure yet.

So how do you think a person might hypothetically act if they only had their conscious and unconscious? or conscious and subconscious? or just their consciousness?

I love this idea, but I can't help but feeling I've gotten in a little over my head with this. Like now the characters have no choice but to be complex, or the entire premise won't work haha.

very freudian i know.

edit: apparently not freudian

I’m writing a magic system where mages are effecively hooked into the power that god uses to keep the universe running. This force is never ending, meaning that as long there are human magic users of some kind, the universe will never enter heat death so long as there is a sufficient number of them in the universe litteraly making more energy from what basically nothing, due to not being a part of our univers, but rather the raw stuff of creation itself. How would so completely altering this fundamental rule of physics change things?

One of the worlds I'm currently working on has abundant volcanic activity, leading to volcanic ash frequently falling from the sky worldwide. I'm just wondering what implications this would have on agriculture.

A precursory Google search indicates that volcanic ash is highly nutritious for plants, hence why various cities have been built near volcanoes despite the risks. Would this allow civilizations to get by with far less farmed land than on Earth? Are there any negative effects of frequent ash falls?

https://www.kobo.com/ww/en/ebook/urora